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[1847. 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF    THE 


BOARD   OF   EDUCATION 


OF    THE 


PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA. 


PRESENTED  MAY,  1847. 


PHILADELPHIA : 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE   BOARD. 

WILLIAM  S.  MARTIEN,  PRINTER. 

1847. 


\ 


TABLE   OP  CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Candidates,  their  number,  &c 3 

Pastoral  supervision 4 

State  of  the  Treasury , 5 

Agencies 5 

GENERAL    PRINCIPLES    AND    FACTS. 

1.  The  ministry  is  Christ's  institution 6 

2.  More  ministers  are  needed 7 

3.  Facts  about  the  increase  and  decrease  of  candidates 9 

4.  God  alone  can  furnish  ministers , 10 

5.  Means  must  be  used  to  increase  the  supply  of  ministers 10 

6.  The  right  kind  of  means  to  be  employed 11 

1.  Prayer 11 

2.  Pastoral  instruction 12 

3.  The  parental  consecration  of  children  to  Christ 14 

4.  Education  under  the  supervision  of  the  Church 14 

5.  Pecuniary  help  to  those  who  are  called  to  preach  the  gospel..  15 

APPENDIX. 

Treasurer's  report , 17 

Members  of  the  Board 18 

Officers  of  the  Board,  &c 2 

Action  of  ihe  Assembly  on  the  Annual  Report ....  19 

Action  of  the  Assembly  on  the  Report  on  Parochial  Schools 19 

Extracts  from  the  by-laws  of  the  Board , 20 

Form  of  a  recommendation  from  a  Presbytery  to  the  Board 23 

Declaration  to  be  signed  by  the  candidate 23 

Form  of  a  Quarterly  Report  from  Teachers,  Faculties,  &c 24 

Extracts  from  former  Reports page  3  of  cover. 

Life-members  made  during  the  year 1      do. 

Form  of  a  bequest  or  devise 4      do. 


ANNUAL  REPORT 


OF    THE 


BOARD   OF   EDUCATION 


OF 


THE    PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 


IN  THE 


UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA  . 


TO    THE 


GENERAL    ASSEMBLY, 


PRESENTED  MAY,  1S47. 


PHILADELPHIA : 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  BOARD. 

WILLIAM    S.  MARTIEN,  PRINTER. 
1847. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    BOARD    OF    EDUCATION. 

Alexander  Henry,  President. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,        ^ 

Jno.  McDowell,  D.D.        >  Vice-Presidents. 

Thomas  Bradford,  Esq.  j 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.D.,  Asso.  Secretary  and  Gen.  AgH. 

W.  M.  Atkinson,  D.D.,  AgH  for  the  South  and  South-West. 

R.  Soltter,  Jr.,  Recording  Secretary. 

Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Treasurer. 

Frederick  V.  Krug,  >    .    7., 
t  ,        Tvr    r>  }  Auditors. 

James  N.  Dickson,     $ 

The  Board  meet  on  the  first  Thursday  of  every  month,"at  4  o'clock,  P.  M. 


I 


EXECUTIVE  COMMUTER 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,  Chairman.  James  N.  Dickson, 
Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.  D.  .Matthew  Newkirk, 

H.  A.  Boardman,  D.D.  James  Ddnlap, 

A.  Tudehope,  Thomas  Bradford,  Esq. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.D.  R.  Soutter,  Jr. 

C  Van  Rensselaer,  D.D.  Alexander  Symington, 

J.  B.  Mitchell. 
The  Executive  Committee  meet  every  Thursday,  at  3|  o'clock,  P.M. 


Communications  for  the  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION,  and  remittances 
of  money  by  mail,  may  be  addressed  to  the  Rev.  C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.D., 
Corresponding  Secretary,  No.  25  Sansom  street,  Philadelphia. 


All  donations  may  be  left  with  Rev.  Daniel  Wells,  N.  Y.,  S.  Russell,  Esq., 
Louisville,  Ky.,  Messrs.  M.  Leech  &  Son,  Pittsburgh,  or  other  friends,  for 
the  use  of  the  Board ;  and  in  Philadelphia,  at  No.  25  Sansom  street,  second 
story. 

"* 
The  Presidents  of  the  Faculties  of  the  various  Colleges,  Theological  Semi- 
naries and  Academies,  throughout  the  country,  will  confer  a  favour  on  the 
Board  by  sending  copies  of  their  catalogues,  directed  to  the  Corresponding 
Secretary,  No.  25  Sansom  street,  Philadelphia. 


ANNUAL   KEPORT. 


The  Board  of  Education  respectfully  submit  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly an  account  of  their  operations  during  the  year,  accompanied  by 
a  statement  of  some  general  views  connected  with  the  advancement 
of  the  cause  of  ministerial  education. 

CANDIDATES. 

The  number  of  new  candidates  received  during  the  year 

has  been       ------  96 


Making  in  all,  from  the  beginning,  (in  1S19,)  -         1663 


The  whole  number  on  the  list  during  the  year  has  been  403 

Of  this  number  there  have  been 

In  their  Theological  course  140 

"       «     Collegiate        do.  187 

"       "     Academical     do.  43 

Stage  of  study  not  reported  5 

Teaching  to  procure  funds  28 403 

During  the  year  thirty-nine  candidates,  so  far  as  heard  from, 
have  been  licensed  to  preach  the  Gospel  of  Christ.  Having  been 
enabled,  by  the  wise,  benevolent  and  dutiful  provisions  of  the  Church 
to  complete  the  prescribed  course  of  studies,  they  have  gone  forth, 
as  "  workmen  that  need  not  be  ashamed,"  to  do  the  will  of  their 
Lord. 

Seven  candidates  have  been  discontinued  for  conduct  which, 
though  not  openly  immoral,  was  deemed  inconsistent  with  the  sa- 
cred calling.  The  Board  are  firmly  resolved,  by  God's  grace,  to 
maintain  to  the  extent  of  their  authority  a  high  standard  of  quali- 
fication. They  will  never  willingly  submit  to  be  accessory  to  the 
education  of  doubtful  candidates;  and  anxiously  invoke  the  aid  of 
the  Church  in  the  delicate,  responsible,  and  important  work  of  sift- 
ing out  the  undeserving.  Whilst  they  pretend  not  to  be  discerners 
of  the  heart,  they  have  a  right  to  act  upon  the  Saviour's  rule — "  by 
their  fruits  ye  shall  know  them." 

One  candidate  has  left  the  Presbyterian  to  join  another  Church. 
He  was  recommended  to  the  Board  by  a  Presbytery  which  had  no 


4  ANNUAL    REPORT   OF   THE 

accurate  knowledge  of  his  character  and  habits — his  residence  having 
been  previously  without  their  bounds.  This  is  mentioned  to  show 
the  necessity  of  great  caution  on  the  part  of  the  Presbyteries.  The 
ministers  and  elders  of  the  Church  are  sentinels  on  the  stations 
where  Providence  has  placed  them,  to  keep  all  intruders  beyond 
our  lines.  It  is  due  to  the  young  man  in  question  to  state  that  he 
promptly  and  honourably  returned  the  small  sum  he  had  received. 

Two  candidates  have  been  discontinued  for  marrying.  The  Board 
early  adopted  the  rule  of  withholding  aid  from  those  who  involved 
the  Church  in  additional  expense,  whilst  pursuing  their  preparatory 
studies. 

Four  have  ceased  to  require  aid,  in  the  Providence  of  God. 

Seven  have  abandoned  study,  most  of  them  on  account  of  ill 
health. 

Twenty  have  been  discontinued  by  purging  the  roll.  Many  of 
these  are  engaged  in  teaching;  but  not  having  reported  themselves 
during  the  year,  their  names  have  been  erased  according  to  the 
regulation. 

Two  have  died;  solemnly  reminding  the  band  of  young  disciples 
to  be  ready  to  meet  their  Lord,  and  that  their  education  may  be  sud- 
denly transferred  to  the  amazing  revelations  of  another  world. 

PASTORAL    SUPERVISION. 

During  the  year,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  and  the  Associate 
Secretary  and  General  Agent  have  attempted  to  carry  out  a  plan  of 
pastoral  visitation.  They  have  visited  almost  all  the  institutions 
where  the  candidates  are  collected  in  any  number;  have  prayed 
with  the  young  men,  conversed  with  them,  and  endeavoured  pub- 
licly and  privately  to  stir  up  their  minds  to  the  remembrance  of  the 
high  and  holy  duties  of  the  ministry.  Dr.  Atkinson  has  also  dis- 
charged the  same  duty  in  various  sections  of  the  Church.  So  that 
few  of  the  candidates  are  personally  unknown  to  us.  We  intend, 
the  Lord  being  our  help,  to  continue  this  good  work  that  we  "may 
be  comforted  together  with  them  by  the  mutual  faith  both  of  them 
and  us." — A  pastoral  letter  was  addressed  to  every  candidate  under 
the  care  of  the  Board,  which  was  received  with  Christian  affection 
by  the  young  brethren,  as  their  answers  indicate. 

The  various  duties  connected  with  the  supervision  of  candidates 
can  be  adequately  discharged,  by  God's  blessing,  only  with  the 
zealous  co-operation  of  ministers,  teachers,  and  Presbyteries.  The 
minister  of  the  Church,  with  which  the  young  man  is  connected,  is 
his  pastor  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word,  and  should  never  intermit 
the  duties  of  a  faithful  overseer.  Teachers  have  great  responsibility 
in  the  religious  as  well  as  the  intellectual  training  of  the  candidates. 
Having  peculiar  facilities  to  understand  their  character,  to  converse 
with  them,  to  direct  their  studies,  to  counsel  them,  they  are  in  a  posi- 
tion that  sustains  a  most  interesting  and  important  relation  to  the 


BOARD   OF   EDUCATION.  5 

Board.  The  Presbyteries,  by  taking  the  candidates  under  their 
care,  have  constituted  themselves  ecclesiastical  guardians,  and  must 
be  held  responsible  to  the  Church  for  the  manner  in  which  they 
discharge  their  trust.  The  Board  earnestly  implore  every  Presby- 
tery represented  in  this  Assembly  to  hold  regular  intercourse  with, 
their  candidates,  whatever  supervision  from  other  sources  may  be 
exercised  over  them.  The  Board  will  endeavour  to  discharge  the 
pastoral  duties  which,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  devolve  upon 
them,  as  the  organ  of  the  General  Assembly;  but  these  duties  pri- 
marily reside  hi  the  Presbyteries,  and  should  be  performed  as  faith- 
fully as  though  the  Board  had  no  agency  whatever  in  the  matter. 
It  is  only  by  a  harmonious,  steady,  and  confidential  co-operation 
with  ministers,  teachers,  and  Presbyteries,  that  the  Board  can  dare 
to  hope  for  success  in  the  arduous  and  solemn  work  of  pastoral 
supervision. 

STATE    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

The  Treasurer's  Report  of  moneys  received  and  expended  from 
May  1st,  1846,  to  May  1st,  1847,  is  as  follows: 

Balance  on  hand  May  1st,  1846,     ....     $3,918.48 
Cash  received  during  the  year, 

Total  amount  of  available  funds,     . 

Amount  paid  on  orders  of  Executive  Committee, 

Balance  May  1st,  1848,  .... 

Of  which  applicable  to  parochial  schools, 


In  regard  to  this  large  and  unexpected  balance,  it  is  to  be  observed 
that  $3000,  as  indicated  above,  are  by  the  permission  of  the  donors, 
appropriated  to  parochial  schools  in  feeble  churches,  provided  the 
Assembly  shall  sanction  that  system  of  education.  A  considerable 
part  of  the  remainder  has  already  been  drawn  to  pay  the  quar- 
terly appropriations  due  on  May  1st.  And  inasmuch  as  compara- 
tively few  churches  in  the  northern  Synods  make  their  contributions 
in  the  summer,  the  Board  anticipate  their  usual  difficulty  in  meeting 
the  appropriations  of  the  August  and  November  quarters,  which  will 
be  considerably  heavier  this  year  than  last  year. 

AGENCIES. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Chester,  the  Associate  Secretary  and  General  Agent, 
has  continued  his  labours  in  the  promotion  of  the  cause  to  which  he 
has  devoted  himself  for  so  many  years.  He  has  traversed  the  field 
in  different  directions,  visited  churches,  Presbyteries  and  Synods,  and 
successfully  attended  to  the  arduous  duties  of  raising  funds  to  carry 
on  the  operations  of  the  Board. 


35,627.14 

39,545.62 
32,327.08 

7,218.54 
3,000.00 

84,2 18.54 

b  ANNUAL   REPORT   OF   THE 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Atkinson,  who  was  especially  appointed  for  the 
South,  has  visited  that  section  of  our  Church  in  behalf  of  the  Board, 
with  gratifying  success.  The  funds  available  for  education  purposes 
have  generally  increased  at  the  .South,  as  well  as  the  number  of  can- 
didates. Dr.  Atkinson  has  also  visited  various  parts  of  the  West 
during  the  year,  and  will  continue  to  employ  a  part  of  his  time  in  the 
great  valley.  The  extent  of  his  labours  may  be  inferred  from  the 
fact  that  he  has  travelled  over  nine  thousand  miles. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  year,  the  Rev.  J.  D.  Mitchell  rendered 
efficient  service  to  the  Board  in  the  collection  of  funds  within  the 
bounds  of  the  Pittsburgh  treasury,  but  was  compelled  by  ill-health 
to  abandon  so  arduous  a  work. 

In  various  Presbyteries  some  of  the  ministers  have  kindly  acted 
as  voluntary  agents,  and  have  shown  what  Christian  zeal  can  accom- 
plish in  a  good  cause. 

The  Corresponding  Secretary  has  attended  to  the  collection  of 
funds,  as  far  as  his  other  duties  allowed. 

The  result  of  another  year's  experience  has  continued  to  develope 
the  great  want  of  system  in  the  benevolent  operations  of  our  Church. 
It  is  believed  that  if  every  congregation  had  regular  periods,  fixed 
by  the  session,  for  contributing  to  the  different  benevolent  objects, 
the  most  important  ends  would  be  gained  with  the  least  expense  and 
in  the  manner  most  satisfactory  to  the  Church. 

One  of  the  aims  of  the  Board  during  the  year  has  been  to  obtain 
something  from  every  church,  however  small  the  amount;  and  in  a 
number  of  the  Presbyteries,  they  have  succeeded  remarkably  well. 
They  regret,  however,  to  state  that  notwithstanding  much  effort,  it 
is  estimated  that  about  two-thirds  of  our  churches  have  done  nothing 
to  sustain  the  education  cause. 

GENERAL  PRINCIPLES. 

The  Board  embrace  this  opportunity  to  re-affirm  before  the  As- 
sembly and  the  Church  some  of  the  leading  facts  and  principles 
which  are  indissolubly  connected  with  the  advancement  of  the  in- 
terests of  ministerial  education. 

I.       THE    MINISTRY    IS    CHRIST'S    INSTITUTION. 

The  basis  of  all  the  operations  of  the  Board  of  Education  is,  that 
a  pious  and  well  qualified  ministry  is  the  great  instrumentality 
appointed  by  the  Head  of  the  Church  for  the  conversion  of  the 
world.  The  following  propositions  which  illustrate  this  point,  are 
here  stated  without  being  argued. 

1.  Our  blessed  Lord  consecrated  the  office  of  the  ministry  by  the 
sacred  example  of  his  active  and  self-denying  life. 

2.  One  of  the  objects  of  his  chief  concern  was  the  selection,  train- 
ing and  sending  forth  of  disciples  for  the  same  great  work. 

3.  His  last  command  confirms,  with  divine  emphasis,  the  plan  of 
saving  the  world  through  a  preached  gospel. 


BOARD    OF   EDUCATION.  7 

4.  His  royal  gifts,  given  to  men  amidst  the  triumphs  of  his  ascen- 
sion, were  "apostles,  prophets,  evangelists,  pastors  and  teachers." 

5.  The  Holy  Scriptures  abound  with  revelations  that  magnify  the 
office  of  ambassador  of  Christ. 

6.  And  the  whole  history  of  the  Church  shows  that  the  Holy  Spirit 
is  poured  out  to  save  them  that  believe  through  the  preaching  of  the 
cross.  All  the  measures  which  God  has  taken  to  save  the  world  con- 
centrate, as  the  instrument  of  their  success,  upon  the  living  ministry 
of  reconciliation. 

The  work  of  training  up  ministers  is  therefore  fundamental  work 
in  the  Church  of  Christ. 

II.       MORE    MINISTERS    ARE    NEEDED. 

The  Providence  of  God  calls  loudly  for  more  men  to  preach  the 
gospel.  The  commission  to  "preach  the  gospel"  at  all,  requires 
that  it  should  be  preached  "to  every  creature"  The  gospel  is 
Christ's  gospel  for  all  the  earth.  Prophecy  is  full  of  the  wonders  of 
the  Spirit's  dispensation,  and  the  fulfilment  of  its  glories  was  the  ob- 
ject of  the  mission  of  the  Son  of  God.  But  alas !  how  little  is  the 
Redeemer's  church  affected  either  by  the  dreary  waste  of  nations 
sitting  in  the  shadow  of  death,  or  by  the  visions  of  prophecy  which 
fill  the  whole  earth  with  his  glory! 

The  number  of  ordained  ministers  which  the  Presbyterian  Church 
sends  out  to  teach  the  heathen  nations  is  exceedingly  small  in  com- 
parison with  the  extent  of  the  field.  The  Judaism  of  the  apostolic 
Church,  displayed  in  an  unwillingness  to  send  the  gospel  to  the  Gen- 
tiles, still  shows  itself  at  the  present  day.  Lukewarmness  in  the 
cause  of  foreign  missions  partakes  of  the  spirit  of  Judaism.  It  dis- 
honours the  dispensation  of  Christ,  whose  distinguishing  principles 
are  fulness  of  light  and  the  universality  of  its  diffusion.  The  Church 
should  send  forth  hundreds  of  Christian  missionaries  to  relieve  the 
cry  of  perishing  millions,  and  to  answer  the  importunity  of  an  awa- 
kening world.    But  where  are  the  men  ?    "  The  labourers  are  few" 

Within  the  bounds  of  our  own  denomination,  in  this  favoured 
land,  there  are  nearly  five  hundred  vacant  churches.  If  some  of 
these  have  been  supplied  during  the  year,  others  have  become  desti- 
tute of  the  means  of  grace ;  and  if  many  of  these  congregations  be 
small,  yet  in  the  aggregate  they  embrace  many  thousands  of  church 
members.  When  the  Presbyterian  Church  ventures  to  affirm  that 
small  congregations  need  not  be  in  possession  of  the  stated  ministra- 
tions of  God's  word,  she  forgets  that  almost  all  her  large  congrega- 
tions were  once  small,  that  the  very  organization  of  a  new  congrega- 
tion places  her  under  obligations  to  supply  it  with  the  truth,  and  that 
the  salvation  of  a  single  soul  is  above  the  price  of  all  missionary 
efforts,  yea,  of  worlds  upon  worlds. 

Besides  this  large  number  of  vacancies,  there  are  hundreds  of  des- 
titute places  east,  south,  and  west,  where  the  gospel  ought  to  be  pro- 
claimed from  sanctuaries  built  up  through  the  labours  of  Presbyterian 


8  ANNUAL    REPORT   OF    THE 

missionaries.  The  aggressive  character  of  Christianity,  though  illus- 
trated in  the  history  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States, 
has  not,  it  must  be  admitted,  been  sustained  by  a  testimony  as  con- 
sistent, decided,  and  universal  as  the  spirit  of  the  gospel  requires. 

The  following  table  shows  what  has  been  done  in  the  last  seven 
years  in  the  three  chief  cities  in  the  Synods  of  Albany,  New  York, 
and  Philadelphia,  in  which  Presbyterianism  was  early  planted. 

1S39.  1846. 

Churches.  Population. 

Albany,                   3  32,000 

New  York,             9  300,000 

Philadelphia,        12  222,000 


24  554,000 


Churches. 

Population 

3 

42,000 

11 

380,000 

13 

270,000 

27  6S2,000 


Every  minister  at  the  East  knows  of  places  in  his  own  Presbytery 
where  new  churches  might  be  established  to  advantage.  But  who 
can  furnish  the  statistics  of  destitution  throughout  large  districts  of 
the  South  and  West?  The  men  of  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Illi- 
nois, Arkansas,  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Alabama  and  Georgia 
can  tell  us  how  many  hundreds  of  Presbyterian  missionaries  are 
needed  this  very  year  to  train  their  growing  States  for  heaven ! 

In  addition  to  our  vacancies  and  actual  destitutions,  we  must 
include  the  almost  confounding  element  of  the  increase  of  our  popu- 
lation. The  developments  of  American  statistics  are  the  romance  of 
political  economy.  It  has  been  computed,  in  popular  language,  that 
the  wave  of  population  rolls  westward  at  the  rate  of  eighteen  miles 
a  year,  sweeping  away  the  wilderness  by  a  living  tide  of  active  and 
increasing  encroachment.  Unless  the  enterprise  of  the  vast  hetero- 
geneous West  and  South-west  shall  be  sanctified  by  the  power  of 
religion,  that  section  of  country  will  become  the  calamity  of  our  great 
republic. 

With  an  adequate  supply  of  right-minded,  devoted  ministers,  the 
number  of  Presbyterian  churches  might,  in  the  Providence  of  God, 
be  speedily  doubled.  The  Board  of  Missions  have  affirmed  that  they 
might  advantageously  locate  one  thousand  missionaries,  if  they  could 
find  the  men.     But  where  are  the  men?     "  The  labourers  are  few" 

In  opposition  to  these  and  similar  statements  that  show  the  neces- 
sity of  more  ministers,  it  is  said  that  in  certain  sections  of  our  Church 
there  are  more  ministers  than  congregations.  Giving  this  objection 
its  fullest  weight,  it  only  proves  that  the  ministers  are  not  needed 
there.  The  fact  that  our  own  barns  are  full  does  not  prove  that  there  is 
no  famine  in  Ireland.  Certain  sections  of  our  country  may  possibly 
have  an  abundant  supply  of  ministers,  whilst  other  parts  of  our 
country  and  of  the  world  are  famishing  for  want  of  the  word  of  the 
Lord.  It  must  be  considered  also,  that  many  of  these  ministers  who 
are  "  without  charge"  are  either  infirm,  are  engaged  in  the  important 
work  of  instructing  our  youth,  or  are  doing  other  useful  service  for 
the  Church.     The  number  of  real  idlers  in  our  Church  is  believed 


BOARD    OF    EDUCATION.  9 

to  be  small.  But  even  if  the  number  were  ten-fold,  it  would  be  no 
argument  against  attempting  to  educate  an  efficient  ministry,  but  on 
the  contrary,  would  be  a  plea  for  it. 

III.   FACTS  ABOUT  THE  DECREASE  AND  INCREASE  OF  CANDIDATES. 

In  the  midst  of  these  enlarged  demands  for  more  men,  the  fact 
stands  out  upon  our  records  that  for  the  last  three  years  the  number 
of  candidates  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  has  been  diminishing. 
The  watchman,  in  telling  us  of  the  night,  could  scarcely  have  alarmed 
Zion  with  a  more  fearful  report. 

The  Minutes  of  the  General  Assembly  show  the  following  result: 

In  1S44,  the  whole  number  of  candidates  repainted,  was  364 

1845,                "                 "              "              "              "  346 

1S46,                "                "              "              "              "  339 

The  reality  of  this  diminution  is  confirmed  by  the  tables  of  the 
Board  of  Education. 

In  1S44,  the  number  of  neio  candidates  received,  was  99 

1845,  "               "             "             "             "  71 

1846,  "               "             "             "             "  67 

It  also  appears  that  the  number  of  theological  students  who  gra- 
duated at  the  Theological  Seminaries  of  the  Congregational  and 
Presbyterian  churches,  was 

In  1843,  "  "  "  «  "  177 

1846,  "  "  "  "  "  150 

This  result,  reached  by  three  independent  sources  of  information, 
is  in  accordance  with  the  acknowledged  decline  of  spiritual  religion 
within  our  bounds  during  this  period. 

The  decrease  of  candidates  in  an  evangelical  Church  may  well 
excite  the  most  anxious  apprehension.  When  God  deprives  a 
Church  of  the  privilege  and  the  power  of  making  aggressive  move- 
ments upon  the  kingdom  of  darkness,  it  is  time  for  his  people  to  take 
warning. 

The  small  increase  of  candidates  this  year — which  is  eighteen  in 
the  aggregate  above  the  number  of  last  year — should  by  no  means 
diminish  the  solicitude  of  the  Church  on  this  vital  topic.  The  number 
of  candidates  is  far  behind  the  wants  of  the  Church  and  the  age. 
The  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  with  about  seven  hundred  ministers 
and  congregations,  has  nearly  the  same  number  of  theological  stu- 
dents as  our  own  branch  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  with  seventeen 
hundred  ministers  and  twenty-four  hundred  congregations.  Accord- 
ing to  "the  rule  of  three,"  which  is  a  fearful  test  for  us  when  we 
cypher  with  Scotland,  our  Church  should  have  at  least  five  hundred 
theological  students,  and  one  thousand  candidates  under  the  care  of 
the  Board  of  Education  in  all  stages  of  their  studies.  At  our  present 
rate  of  increase,  it  would  take  a  generation  to  reach  the  relative 
numbers  of  Scotland,  even  if  Scotland  remained  stationary  during 
the  interval.     Small  as  our  increase  has  been,  during  the  year,  there 


10  ANNUAL   REPORT   OF    THE 

is  danger  that  it  will  backslide  again  into  a  diminution.  No  subject 
should  more  anxiously  engage  the  attention,  the  prayers,  and  the 
efforts  of  the  Church  than  the  adequate  supply  of  her  ministerial  ranks. 

IV.      GOD  ALONE  CAN  FURNISH  THE  CHURCH  WITH  MINISTERS. 

All  the  arrangements  of  Christ's  kingdom  are  under  the  dispensa- 
tion of  His  sovereign  good  pleasure.  The  ministerial  office,  which 
requires  in  the  first  place  the  regeneration  of  the  soul,  is  entirely  de- 
pendent upon  the  will  of  God.  "Not  by  might  nor  by  power,  but 
by  my  Spirit,  saith  the  Lord."  The  grace  of  regeneration  and  sancti- 
fication  is  bestowed,  through  the  cross  of  Christ,  upon  his  own 
elect. 

In  addition  to  a  saving  call,  the  ministerial  office  requires  the  inti- 
mations of  God's  will  by  the  Spirit  in  regard  to  this  particular  voca- 
tion. The  soul  is  called  not  only  to  the  knowledge  of  Christ,  but  to 
the  ministry  of  Christ.  "  No  man  taketh  this  honour  to  himself,  but 
he  that  is  called  of  God  as  was  Aaron." 

The  Presbyterian  Church  is  clear  and  explicit  in  her  standards  and 
in  her  practice  as  to  the  necessity  of  a  holy  and  divinely  called  min- 
istry.    This  is  a  fundamental  principle  in  all  her  operations. 

V.    THE  INCREASE  OF  THE  MINISTRY  DEPENDS,  UNDER  GOD,  UPON  THE 

USE  OF  MEANS. 

It  is  sometimes  urged  that  human  instrumentality  has  no  scope 
in  the  raising  up  of  ministers;  that  God  will  call  men  into  the  min- 
istry, whenever  He  has  need  of  them.  This  objection  is,  uninten- 
tionally, partly  Antinomian  and  partly  infidel.  It  is  Antinomian,  so 
far  as  it  rests  upon  God's  purposes  irrespectively  of  the  means  in- 
volved in  their  execution;  and  it  is  infidel, so  far  as  it  tends  to  tempt 
Providence  and  grace,  and  to  bring  the  whole  matter  of  ministerial 
education  into  disrepute. 

The  success  of  Christ's  kingdom  in  the  world  depends  instrumen- 
tally  on  the  prayerful,  self-denying,  persevering  efforts  of  his  people 
in  every  department  of  holy  enterprise.  Whilst  God  demands  the 
acknowledgment  of  his  own  sovereignty  as  a  primary  and  glorious 
truth,  he  will  not  allow  his  creatures  to  disown  human  agency 
in  the  accomplishment  of  his  plans.  It  is  a  very  proof  of  his  sove- 
reignty that  he  has  adapted  human  agency  to  fulfil  his  purposes. 

The  command  of  Christ  to  pray  to  him  as  the  "Lord  of  the  har- 
vest," implies  the  faithful  efforts  of  his  Church,  with  a  reliance  upon 
his  blessing,  to  secure  the  object  of  their  supplications. 

The  analogies  of  religion  confirm  the  same  idea.  The  conversion 
of  the  soul,  as  well  as  its  sanctification,  consolation  and  providential 
guidance,  is  connected  with  means  of  every  kind  and  degree.  Chris- 
tian character  and  hope,  in  the  endless  variety  of  gracious  experience, 
depend  upon  the  employment  of  divinely  ordained  instrumentalities. 
Why  then  should  the  single  subject  of  furnishing  the  Church  with 


BOARD   OF   EDUCATION.  11 

ministers  be  selected  as  requiring  no  Christian  effort,  no  anxious  toil, 
no  holy  zeal,  no  persevering  care? 

The  authority  of  the  Church  is  concerned  in  this  great  topic.  If 
the  Church  cannot  use  means  to  call  the  attention  of  her  children  to 
the  ministry,  what  voice  can  she  have  in  their  ordination?  The 
topics  she  propounds  in  the  examination  of  candidates  as  to  personal 
qualification  for  the  ministry,  embrace  the  substance  of  the  inquiries 
which  the  use  of  means  furnishes  for  private  consideration.  If  the 
Head  of  the  Church  exclude  the  preliminary  agency  of  his  saints, 
much  less  have  they  any  right  to  sit  in  judgment  on  the  irreversible 
decision  of  His  will. 

Apostolic  practice  confirms  the  practice  of  the  Church  at  the  pre- 
sent time.  Paul's  injunctions  to  Timothy,  such  as  "  the  same  commit 
thou  to  faithful  men,  who  shall  be  able  to  teach  others  also;"  "  lay 
hands  suddenly  on  no  man:"  "ordain  elders  in  every  church;"  these 
injunctions  demanded  that  Timothy  should  employ  all  suitable  me- 
thods of  testing  character.  It  was  necessary  for  him  to  use  all  the 
means  which  Christian  prudence  suggested  in  regard  to  so  important 
a  work. 

The  use  of  appropriate  means  for  the  increase  of  the  ministry  is 
the  safest  plan.  To  leave  this  great  subject  undiscussed  and  unat- 
tended to  in  the  Church,  is  to  hand  it  over  to  the  impulses  of  fanati- 
cism, and  to  all  the  misconceptions  of  ignorance. 
£ ,  This  is  the  surest  way  to  obtain  ministers.  Experience  proves 
that  when  the  Church  uses  the  means  of  God's  appointment,  her 
candidates  increase;  and  that  when  religion  languishes  and  her 
efforts  grow  faint,  their  number  diminishes.  Providence  teaches  a 
lesson  as  impressive  as  revelation. 

If  there  be  no  scope  for  effort  on  the  subject  of  increasing  the  min- 
istry, it  would  be  difficult  to  know  what  to  do  and  what  to  leave  un- 
done. On  the  principle  involved  in  the  objection,  the  objector  might 
say  that  God  will  not  only  call  ministers  without  human  intervention, 
but  educate  them  too;  and  thus  an  argument  would  be  furnished 
equally  valid  against  all  our  institutions  for  ministerial  training. 

The  fact  that  the  Presbyterian  Church  has  always  used  means  to 
increase  the  ministry,  has  produced  the  impression  on  some  minds 
that  she  was  comparatively  indifferent  to  spiritual  qualification.  Her 
standards  and  her  history  are  both  decisive  proofs  of  the  injustice  of 
such  an  impression.  No  Church  has  more  fully  borne  her  testimony 
to  the  necessity  of  a  divine  call,  through  the  operation  of  the  Holy 
Spirit.  The  means  our  Church  employs  are  sanctioned  by  the  Scrip- 
tures and  are  dependent  upon  the  grace  of  God  for  their  success. 

VI.     NATURE    OP     THE     MEANS     FOR     INCREASING    THE      SUPPLY    OF 

MINISTERS. 

1.  Prayer  to  "the  Lord  of  the  harvest"  is  among  the  precious, 
personal  instructions  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  This  injunction  was 
given  by  the  Redeemer  just  before  sending  out  the  Apostles  on  their 


12  ANNUAL    REPORT   OF   THE 

mission;  as  though  the  struggling  anxieties  of  his  soul  in  view  of 
this  solemn  occasion,  sought  sympathy  and  co-operation  from  all  his 
followers.  The  calling  as  well  as  the  training  of  heralds  of  salvation 
demands  the  most  importunate  supplications  to  the  Father,  the  Son, 
and  the  Holy  Ghost.  If  labourers  be  few,  none  but  God  can  send  out 
more.  The  Church,  whose  prayers  ascend  to  "the  Lord  of  the  har- 
vest," will  receive  the  first  fruits  of  his  blessing  in  a  spiritual  and 
numerous  ministry. 

The  encouragement  to  prayer,  given  by  the  Saviour  to  the  Church, 
has  been  enforced  by  the  responses  of  a  gracious  Providence.  In  a 
former  Report,  (1S42)  the  Board  of  Education  made  the  grateful 
acknowledgment  of  an  increase  in  the  number  of  candidates,  after 
the  observance  of  a  day  of  special  prayer  which  had  been  set  apart 
by  the  General  Assembly.  The  same  delightful  testimony  seems  to 
recall  the  Church  this  year  to  the  true  source  of  all  her  blessings. 
The  full  connexion  between  the  prayers  of  God's  people  on  the  day 
appointed  by  the  last  Assembly,  and  the  increase  of  our  candidates 
this  year,  it  is  impossible  to  scrutinize  with  statistical  accuracy.  To 
assert  that  there  is  none  is  the  language  of  infidelity.  The  fact 
stands  upon  our  records  in  the  simple  grandeur  of  a  divine  memo- 
rial, which  faith  accepts  with  earnest  and  adoring  praise. 

The  Board  solemnly  and  anxiously  reiterate  their  convictions  that 
the  education  operations  of  the  Church  cannot  be  successfully  carried 
on  without  much  prayer.  The  number  of  candidates  will  decrease, 
and  their  training  will  not  be  such  as  the  Church  and  the  age  require, 
unless  the  grace  of  God,  invoked  by  his  people,  shines  around  our 
tabernacle  by  day  and  by  night.  What  importunate,  what  perse- 
vering prayer  should  go  up  from  the  closet,  from  the  family  altar, 
and  from  the  sanctuary  to  Him  who  superintends  the  harvest  field  of 
the  world!  If  our  Church  did  but  fully  realize  who  it  is  that  has 
said  "pray  ye  to  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,"  she  would  have  more 
earnestly  asked  Him,  and  he  would  have  abundantly  "sent  forth  la- 
bourers into  his  harvest!" 

2.  Pastoral  instruction  is  necessary  for  the  increase  of  the  minis- 
try. The  ministers  of  Christ,  simply  as  professional  men,  are  under 
obligations  to  take  an  interest  in  the  perpetuation  of  their  order.  But 
as  men  called  of  God  to  superintend  all  that  has  a  relation  to  the 
prosperity  of  Zion,  it  seems  impossible  to  dispense  with  their  active 
and  devoted  influence  in  whatever  appertains  to  "the  ministry  of  re- 
conciliation." It  is  recorded  of  one  of  the  most  faithful  servants  of 
Christ,  lately  deceased  but  "yet  speaking,"  that  he  was  instrumental 
in  introducing  into  the  ministry  upwards  of  forty  young  men,  many 
of  them  in  his  own  congregation.  Another  pastor  in  a  neigh- 
bouring city  has  attended,  since  his  installation,  the  examination  of 
thirty-two  candidates  from  his  own  congregation.  Some  of  our 
churches  are  distinguished  for  the  number  of  labourers  that  are  called 
into  the  vineyard;  whilst  others  scarcely  furnish  one  in  a  generation. 
Even  entire  Presbyteries  have  sometimes  not  a  single  candidate  under 


BOARD    OF   EDUCATION.  13 

their  care.  Such  facts  cannot  be  fully  accounted  for  on  any  theory 
that  excludes  human  responsibility,  and  particularly  the  responsibility 
of  the  ministry.  Much  can  be  done,  which  is  left  undone  by  minis- 
terial effort.  The  attention  of  our  pious  and  promising  youth  might 
be  wisely  turned  much  oftener  to  the  consideration  of  the  ministry,  as 
a  question  of  personal  duty.  Private  conversation,  with  an  affection- 
ate and  solemn  reference  to  the  choice  of  a  profession,  might  make  a 
deep  impression  upon  many  an  ingenuous  and  pious  heart.  Nor 
can  public  instruction  in  the  sanctuary  be  faithful,  which  does  not 
from  time  to  time  unfold  the  claims  of  the  ministry  upon  the  sons 
of  the  Church.  The  following  anecdote  shows  what  can  be  accom- 
plished for  God,  when  there  is  a  gracious  and  firm  purpose  to  serve 
him. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Susquehannah  was  once  settled  a  Presbyterian 
pastor  (yet  alive),  whom  God  afflicted  with  sickness.  In  the  midst 
of  "languor  and  disease,"  it  was  "sweet"  for  him  to  look  to  Christ 
and  to  form  high  and  solemn  resolves  to  live  more  unreservedly  to 
his  glory,  if  life  were  spared.  His  meditations  were  one  day  inter- 
rupted by  the  hymns  of  praise  which  a  young  carpenter  mingled  with 
his  daily  work.  And  the  sick  man  "heard  them."  His  pious  and 
enterprising  soul  soon  suggested  the  question,  "why  may  not  this 
young  carpenter  glorify  the  son  of  Joseph  in  the  ministry  of  salva- 
tion?" He  immediately  determined  that,  if  the  youth  were  of  a 
suitable  character  and  had  a  love  of  souls,  he  would  educate  him  in 
the  hope  that  the  Spirit  of  Christ  would  "count  him  worthy"  of  the 
sacred  calling.  The  pastor  insisted  upon  his  wife's  inviting  the  young 
man  to  lead  in  family  prayers,  which  he  did  with  unusual  unction. 
Inquiries  justified  the  favourable  impressions  received.  The  pastor 
recovers.  The  carpenter  lays  aside  his  plane  and  his  saw.  He  enters 
an  academy,  and  then  a  college.  He  determines,  by  the  grace  of 
God,  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry  and  to  be  a  missionary  to  the 
heathen.  He  enters  Princeton  Seminary.  The  peculiar  savour  of 
his  piety  is  yet  held  in  sacred  remembrance  there.  He  sails  for 
Africa  and  enters  her  vast  fields  waving  with  the  harvest.  In  the 
midst  of  his  labours  the  noon-day  sun  smote  down  the  reaper;  but 
doubtless  he  was  carried  home  rejoicing,  "  bringing  his  sheaves 
with  him."  From  the  mansions  of  glory,  he  testifies  to  the  pre- 
cious influence  of  a  pastor's  care! 

Our  young  men  need  encouragement,  counsel,  watchfulness,  sym- 
pathy, warning,  exhortation.  They  need  pastoral  supervision  with 
all  its  kindly,  persuasive,  authoritative  instructions.  They  need  to 
be  appealed  to  from  the  cross,  and  from  the  throne.  Every  young 
man  of  piety  and  promise  should  realize  that  the  Lord  his  God  has 
bought  him  with  a  price,  and  that  he  must  render  an  account  of  his 
profession — of  the  motives  which  led  to  its  choice,  as  well  as  of  the 
manner  of  pursuing  it.  Worldly  influences  are  besetting  our  youth 
with  a  power  that  often  tempts  them  to  dishonour  their  religion. 
Their  hearts  become  pre-engaged  by  merchandize  and  the  law  and 


14  ANNUAL   REPORT   OF   THE 

the  farm  and  medicine,  and  corrupting  idleness  and  the  pride  of  life. 
What  shall  save  our  youth  to  the  Church,  if  our  ministers  slumber? 

3.  The  parental  consecration  of  children  to  Christ  is  an  impor- 
tant element  in  increasing  the  supply  of  ministers.  The  influence  of 
a  parent  upon  the  destiny  of  a  child  is  seen  not  only  in  the  lineaments 
of  his  face,  but  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  the  developments  of  his 
soul  and  in  the  formation  of  his  character  both  for  life  and  immor- 
tality. God  uses  that  wonderful  organization — the  family — to 
serve  the  ends  of  the  dispensation  of  his  grace.  "  In  thee  and  in  thy 
seed  shall  all  the  families  of  the  earth  be  blessed."  "Thou  shalt 
keep  my  covenant,  therefore,  thou  and  thy  seed  after  thee  in  their 
generations."  The  natural  as  well  as  the  covenant  influence  of  a 
holy  household  is  the  plea  of  God  with  parents  to  endeavour  to  train 
their  children  for  his  service. 

The  children  belong  to  God  as  the  creations  of  his  power,  the 
"gracious  gifts"  of  his  Providence.  Having  been  also  dedicated  to 
him  by  baptismal  vows,  why  should  parents  desire  to  lead  them 
off  from  the  sanctuary  path,  from  the  most  honourable,  useful,  and 
glorious  employment  among  the  occupations  of  men? 

Scripture  example  stimulates  parental  devotion  in  the  early 
dedication  and  training  of  children.  Hannah,  having  prevailed 
with  God  to  create  her  child,  solemnly  "lent  him  unto  the  Lord  all 
the  days  of  his  life."  The  tenderness  of  a  mother's  love,  elevated 
above  the  temptations  of  natural  indulgence,  surrendered  her  only 
boy  to  the  service  of  Him  in  whom  both  mother  and  child  lived  and 
moved  and  had  their  being.  Thus  Samuel,  by  the  grace  of  God, 
took  his  place  among  the  prophets !  The  example  of  Eunice,  in  teach- 
ing Timothy  "  the  Scriptures  from  his  youth,"  shows  what  a  pious 
mother  can  do  for  the  Church  and  for  Heaven. 

In  all  ages  parental  consecration  has  had  much  to  do  with  the  sup- 
plies of  the  ministerial  ranks.  The  lives  of  Augustine,  and  Doddridge, 
and  Edwards,  and  Davies,  and  Cecil,  and  Newton,  and  Mills,  and 
Payson  are  illustrations  of  the  power  of  parental  tears  and  prayers. 
There  would  be  no  lack  of  ministers  for  our  churches,  if  Christians 
dedicated  their  children  to  the  Redeemer  and  faithfully  laboured  to 
"bring  them  up  in  His  nurture  and  admonition."  A  favourable 
impression  of  the  office  of  the  ministry,  instilled  into  the  mind  of  a 
child,  may  be  sanctified  to  him  in  future  life  in  the  choice  of  the 
ministerial  profession.  The  Board  of  Education  have  observed  in 
the  corrrespondence  of  their  candidates  a  remarkable  testimony  to 
this  fact.  Many  of  them  particularly  mention  the  respect  for  the 
ministry  taught  and  felt  in  childhood  as  having  had  an  influence 
after  their  conversion  in  turning  their  attention  to  the  sacred  office. 
The  redemption  of  the  world  and  all  the  measures  to  secure  it,  are 
closely  connected  with  infant  training. 

4.  Education  under  the  supervision  of  the  Church  at  the  school, 
at  the  academy,  and  at  the  college,  as  well  as  at  the  seminary,  is  of 
supreme  importance  to  the  interests  of  the  ministerial  profession. 


BOARD    OF    EDUCATION.  15 

The  neglect  on  the  part  of  the  Church  of  her  baptized  children  and 
of  her  youth  in  general,  at  the  very  forming  period  of  their  character, 
is  one  of  the  anomalies  which  it  is  earnestly  hoped  will  no  longer 
tarnish  our  annals.  The  Board  beg  leave  to  refer  to  their  Report  on 
Parochial  Schools,  herewith  submitted  to  the  Assembly,  for  a  more 
full  expression  of  their  views  on  the  importance  of  Christian  educa- 
tion in  securing  better  qualifications  for  the  ministry,  in  enlarging  the 
range  of  its  supplies,  in  providing  against  failures,  and  in  resting  the 
whole  matter  on  its  true,  satisfactory,  and  well-ordered  basis. 

5.  The  increase  of  our  ministers  depends  upon  a  system  of  Church 
co-operation,  through  which  pecuniary  aid  can  be  rendered  to  the 
pious  and  indigent  who  feel  called  by  the  Spirit  and  by  the  voice  of 
the  Church  to  prosecute  their  studies  with  a  view  to  the  ministry. 
The  Presbyterian  Church,  from  her  earliest  history  in  this  country,  has 
been  anxious  to  afford  facilities  for  the  prosecution  of  a  theological 
education.  She  has  removed,  to  a  great  extent,  the  obstacles  in  the 
way  of  indigent  candidates,  whom  she  has  ever  cherished  with 
special  care  and  maternal  hope.  The  language  of  our  blessed  Lord, 
"Woman,  behold  thy  son,"  not  inappropriately  illustrates  the  sympa- 
thy between  the  Church  and  her  children  preparing  for  her  ministry. 
The  Church  needs  their  services  even  more  than  they  need  hers. 
Tender  interest  and  affection  should  distinguish  this  family  relation 
of  mutual  dependence. 

The  Board  of  Education  is  established  upon  "the  principle  that  the 
Church  is  bound  to  make  provision  for  the  education  of  such  of  her 
sons  as  are  called  of  God  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  are  in  cir- 
cumstances to  require  her  aid."  On  the  same  general  principle,  the 
Board  of  Missions  assist  in  supporting  missionaries  after  they  are 
prepared  to  enter  on  their  work.  The  principle  of  aiding  candidates 
for  the  ministry  is  much  more  extensive  than  is  involved  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Board  of  Education.  Every  candidate  for  the  min- 
istry, rich  or  poor,  in  our  denomination,  who  has  ever  pursued  his 
studies  in  any  of  our  theological  seminaries,  has  had  his  education 
given  to  him  by  the  Church.  He  was  gratuitously  taught  by  the 
mother  of  us  all.  He  has  been  to  that  extent  what  is  sometimes 
called  a  "beneficiary."*  The  Board  of  Education  is  only  the  ser- 
vant of  the  Church  to  see  that  none  of  the  members  of  her  hospitable 
household  shall  suffer  for  the  necessaries  of  life.  If  there  be  any  thing 
wrong  in  the  general  principles  of  our  Church  on  the  subject  of  min 
isterial  instruction,  it  would  seem  to  be,  not  that  she  helps  the  poor, 
but  that  she  helps  the  rich.  The  Board  is  organized  for  the  exclusive 
benefit  of  those  who  really  need  assistance.  This  general  object  is 
so  congenial  to  the  spirit  of  the  gospel  that  it  will  ever  find  favour  in 
our  churches.  The  women  of  Galilee,  who  ministered  of  their  sub- 
stance to  the  Lord  and  his  disciples,  will  never  cease  to  have  a  true 
succession  in  the  Church  to  praise  and  to  imitate  their  piety  and 

*  This  term  the  Board  are  disposed  to  abandon  as  not  accurately  expressing  the  rela- 
tion between  the  Church  and  her  candidates.  The  Church  is  in  an  important  sense  the 
beneficiary. 


16  ANNUAL    REPORT   OF   THE 

good  works.  The  duty  of  assisting  our  indigent  candidates  cannot  be 
consistently  denied,  as  long  as  our  standards  make  high  literary  at- 
tainments an  indispensable  qualification  for  the  sacred  office.  Evil 
will  be  the  day  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  when  the  rich  can  ob- 
tain an  education  for  the  ministry  to  the  exclusion  of  the  poor! 

It  has  been  computed  that  at  least  one  half  of  all  the  ministers  of 
our  Church  have  been  aided  in  receiving  their  theological  education. 
God  has  in  all  ages  supplied  his  faithful  ministers  chiefly  from  the 
ranks  of  the  humble  and  the  poor.  The  Church,  therefore,  is  acting 
in  the  line  both  of  God's  Providence  and  grace.  And  she  has  been 
blessed  in  doing  so.  Her  candidates  are  to  be  found  in  every  Synod, 
rewarding  her  benevolence  by  arduous  labours  in  the  Redeemer's 
cause.  A  large  proportion  of  our  foreign  and  domestic  missionaries 
have  been  both  trained  up  and  sent  forth  by  the  funds  of  the  Church. 
Africa,  India,  and  China  testify  that  there  is  a  blessing  in  the  Board 
of  Education.  Many  a  wilderness  and  solitary  place  in  our  own  and 
in  heathen  lands  have  been  renewed  in  their  long-lost  hopes  through 
devoted  ministers,  offered  in  baptism  and  nursed  by  the  pious  poor. 
The  vast  results  of  our  education  operations  in  multiplying  the  num- 
ber of  ministers  and  in  advancing  all  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  of 
the  Son  of  God,  will  be  known  only  in  the  day  when  he  himself  shall 
appear  in  his  glory! 

The  Board  of  Education,  in  concluding  this  Report,  feel  it  to  be  a 
privilege  to  carry  out  the  views  of  the  Assembly,  as  their  organ  in 
this  important  branch  of  ecclesiastical  service.  Having  through  evil 
and  good  report  received  the  Assembly's  sanction,  they  again  trust  in 
a  kind  Providence  to  enable  them  to  conduct  the  interests  committed 
to  their  care,  in  a  manner  acceptable  to  the  highest  judicatory  of  the 
Church. 

Alexander  Henry,  President  of  the  Board. 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

May,  1847. 


The  term  of  service  of  the  following  members  of  the  Board  of  Education  expires  in 
May,  1847. 

MINISTERS.  LAYMEN. 

Philip  Lindsley,  D.  D.  Matthew  L.  Bevan, 

David  Magie,  D.  D.  Nathaniel  Ewing,  Esq. 

George  Potts,  D.  D.  Thomas  McKeen, 

R.  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D.  Humphrey  H.  Levitt,  Esq. 

A.  Tudehope,  Frederick  V.  Krug, 

M.  B.  Hope,  Joseph  Patterson,  Esq. 

Wm.  W.  Phillips,  D.  D.  Wm.  S.  Ridgely,  M.  D. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.  D.  James  H.  Fitzgerald, 

John  J.  White. 

A  vacancy  has  occurred  in   the  class  of  A.  D.  1850,  by  the  death  of  a  layman,  A.  J. 

Miller. 


BOARD    OF    EDUCATION. 


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APPENDIX 


MEMBERS  OF  THE  BOARD. 


First  Class  elected  in  1844.      Term  of  service  ivill  expire  in  1848. 


MINISTERS. 

Ashbel  Green,  D.  D. 
J.  H.  Grav,  D.  D. 
Henry  R.  Weed,  D.  D. 
Joseph  McElroy,  D.  D. 
George  VV.  Musgrave,  D.D. 
-JLuiw- Matthews,  D.D. 
Robert  Steel,  D.D. 
VV.  L.  Breckinridge,  D.D. 


VV.  S.  Boyd, 

Henry  Potter,  Esq. 
Alexander  Symington, 
Mark  Hardin, 
Gilbert  T.  Snowden, 
Thomas  Henderson, 
Samuel  Hepburn,  Esq. 
Col.  VV.  Walton, 
Grisby  E.  Thomas,  Esq. 


Second  Class  elected  in  1845.      Term  of  service  will  expire  in  1849. 


MINISTERS. 

A.  Alexander,  D.  D. 
S.  S.  Davis,  D.  D. 
A.  Macklin, 

William  S.  Plumer,  D.D. 
D.  McConaughy,  D.  D. 
J.  McDowell,  D.  D. 
J.  N.  Campbell,  D.  D. 
Nicholas  Murray,  D.  D. 


-Alexander  Henry, 
Alexander  VV.  Mitchell,  M.  D. 
Matthew  Newkirk, 
Joseph  B.  Mitchell, 
William  Harris,  M.  D. 
William  Nisbet, 
Robert  Soutter,  Jr. 
Andrew  Harris. 


Third  Class  elected  in  1846.      Term  of  service  will  expire  in  1850. 


MIINSTERS. 

Samuel  Miller,  D.  D. 
Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.  D. 
Francis  Herron,  D.  D. 
C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.  D. 
Henry  A.  Boardman,  D.  D. 
Francis  McFailand,  D.  D. 
Win.  B.  Sprague,  D.  D. 
Wm.  M.  Engles,  D.  D. 


William  Maxwell,  Esq. 
Stephen  Coiwell,  Esq. 
Thomas  Bradford,  Esq. 
Eugenius  A.  Nisbet,  Esq. 
James  Lenox, 
John  J.  Bryant, 
James  Dunlap, 
James  N.  Dickson, 
George  Morris. 

Fourth 'Class  elected  in  1847.      Term  of  service  will  expire  in  1851. 


MINISTERS. 

Philip  Lindsley,  D.D. 

David  Magie,  D.  D. 

George  Potts,  D.  D. 

R.  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D. 

A.  Tudehope, 

M.  B.  Hope, 

Wm.  VV.  Phillips,  D.  D. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.  D. 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.,  ex  off. 


Matthew  L.  Bevan, 
Nathaniel  Ewing,  Esq. 
Thomas  McKeen, 
Humphrey  H.  Levitt,  Esq. 
Frederick  V.  Krug, 
Joseph  Patterson,  Esq. 
Wm.  S.  Ridgeley,  M.  D. 
James  H.  Fitzgerald, 
John  J.  White. 


APPENDIX.  19 


The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education  presented  their 
report,  which  was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz : 

1.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  reiterate  their  conviction  of  the  importance  of  minis- 
terial education  in  its  relations  to  all  the  enterprises  of  the  church  and  the  conversion  of 
the  world. 

2.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  solemnly  recognize  the  sovereign  grace  of  God  in 
calling  the  sons  of  the  Church  into  the  ministry,  and  also  acknowledge  the  obligations 
of  his  Church  to  use  all  scriptural  and  proper  means  to  increase  the  number  of  candidates, 
especially  by  prayer  to  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,  ministerial  instruction,  parental  conse- 
cration, Christian  education,  and  pecuniary  assistance  to  those  who  may  need  it. 

3.  Resolved,  That  it  be  specially  recommended  to  our  ministers  and  churches,  not  only 
to  pray  for  an  increase  of  labourers,  but  also  to  remember  in  their  prayers  the  youth  of 
the  church,  who  have  already  commenced  their  preparatory  studies,  and  who  are  natu- 
rally exposed  to  many  temptations  which  the  Spirit  of  God  alone  can  enable  thein  to 
resist. 

4.  Resolved,  That  the  Presbyteries  be  enjoined  to  use  unceasing  vigilance  in  the  exa- 
mination of  candidates  and  to  retain  a  strict  pastoral  supervision  over  them,  throughout 
their  entire  preparatory  course ;  and  that  the  Board  of  Education  be  enjoined  to  continue 
the  plan  of  personal  visitation  and  correspondence,  and  to  use  their  best  endeavours  to 
promote  a  high  standard  of  ministerial  qualification. 

5.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Education  exercise  the  same  pastoral  care  over  the  can- 
didates for  the  ministry,  who  are  sustained  by  the  permanent  funds  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, as  over  those  who  are  sustained  by  the  annual  collections  of  the  churches. 

6.  Resolved,  That  the  Annual  Report  be  committed  to  the  Board  for  publication. 


PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 

The  committee,  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education 
on  Parochial  Schools,  presented  their  report,  which  was  amended,  adopted, 
and  is  as  follows.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  subject  of  Parochial  Schools  has 
been  added  to  the  other  duties  of  the  Board. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  Report  be  committed  to  the  Board  of  Education,  in  order  that 
it  may  be  printed  and  circulated  among  the  churches. 

2.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  express  their  firm  conviction,  that  the 
interests  of  the  Church  and  the  glory  of  our  Redeemer  demand  that  immediate  and 
strenuous  exertions  should  be  made,  as  far  as  practicable,  by  every  congregation,  to 
establish  within  its  bounds  one  or  more  primary  schools,  under  the  care  of  the  Session 
of  the  church,  in  which,  together  with  the  usual  branches  of  secular  learning,  the 
truths  and  duties  of  our  holy  religion  shall  be  assiduously  inculcated. 

3.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  earnestly  call  upon  all  the  Synods  and 
Presbyteries  under  their  care,  to  take  the  subject  of  Christian  education  under  con- 
sideration, and  to  devise  and  execute  whatever  measures  they  may  deem  most  appro- 
priate for  securing  the  establishment  of  Parochial  and  Presbyterial  Schools  in  our  bounds. 

4.  Resolved,  That  a  committee,  consisting  of  one  minister  and  one  ruling  elder,  be 
appointed  by  each  Presbytery,  to  collect  information  as  to  the  number  and  condition  of 
schools  within  the  bounds  of  the  Presbytery,  the  number  of  children  under  fifteen  years 
of  age  belonging  to  their  congregations,  the  state  of  public  opinion  in  respect  to  educa- 
tion, the  ability  of  the  churches  to  sustain  teachers  and  build  school-houses,  and  what- 
ever other  statistical  information  relating  to  education  they  may  deem  important;  and 
that  these  committees  forward  their  reports  to  the  Board  of  Education,  on  or  before  the 
1st  of  January,  ]848> 

5.  Resolved,  That  this  whole  subject  he  referred  to  the  Board  of  Education,  and  that 
the  Board  is  hereby  authorized  to  expend  whatever  moneys  are  committed  to  them  for  that 
purpose,  in  aid  of  the  establishment  of  Parochial  and  Presbyterial  Schools. 

6.  Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Publication,  to  make  inquiries 
on  the  subject  of  elementary  school  books,  with  a  view  of  adapting  them,  as  far  as 
practicable,  to  a  system  of  religious  instruction,  and  that  the  Board  report  on  this  sub- 
ject to  the  next  General  Assembly. 


20  APPENDIX. 


Extracts  from  the  By-Laws  of  the  Board  of  Education. 

The  following  extracts  are  published  for  the  information  of  Presbyteries, 
and  such  as  may  be,  or  may  desire  to  become  candidates  of  the  Board. 

The  special  attention  of  such  is  called  to  these  rules,  inasmuch  as  difficul- 
ties and  delays,  both  in  the  reception  and  quarterly  payments  of  candidates, 
sometimes  occur  through  inatteniion  to  them. 

OF    THE    CO-OPERATION    OF    PRESBYTERIES. 

Art.  1.  The  Board  attach  great  importance  to  the  plan  of  Presbyterial  co- 
operation, recommended  by  the  General  Assembly,  for  the  reception  and 
support  of  candidates.  By  this  plan  every  candidate  is  required  to  put  him- 
self under  the  care  of  a  Presbytery  before  he  can  be  taken  up  by  the  Board. 
He  is  to  be  examined  either  in  open  Presbytery,  or  by  a  Committee  on  Edu- 
cation, appointed  for  the  purpose,  on  his  personal  and  experimental  piety,  on 
his  motives  for  seeking  the  holy  office  of  the  ministry,  on  his  attachment  to 
the  standards  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  on  his  general  habits,  his  pru- 
dence, his  studies,  his  talents,  his  gifts  for  public  speaking,  on  his  disposition 
to  struggle  to  maintain  himself,  and  his  willingness  to  observe  the  rules  01 
the  Board. 

Art.  2.  If  the  examination  be  sustained,  a  detailed  report  shall  be  made  to 
the  Board,  by  the  Stated  Clerk,  or  the  Chairman  of  the  Education  Committee 
of  the  Presbytery,  of  his  name,  age,  residence,  church  membership,  place  of 
education,  progress  in  his  studies,  need  of  aid,  piety,  promise,  and  whatever 
else  may  seem  proper. 

Art.  3.  The  Board  would  respectfully  say,  that  the  recommendation  of  a 
young  man  is  so  solemn  an  event  to  himself,  and  involves  so  deeply  the  cha- 
racter and  success  of  the  cause  of  Education,  that  it  should  demand  the  most 
serious  and  deliberate  consideration  :  and  if  the  application  be  of  doubtful 
expediency,  it  should  be  postponed  till  a  full  and  satisfactory  trial  can  be 
made  of  the  candidate. 

OF    CANDIDATES    AND    APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  Board  act  upon  the  principle,  that  the  Church,  as  a  moral  parent,  is 
bound  to  make  provision  for  the  education  of  such  of  her  sons  as  are  called 
of  God  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  are  in  circumstances  to  require  her 
aid.  It  is  their  deep  conviction  that  the  system  of  unqualified  loan  is  inju- 
rious and  unsafe.  And  yet  on  the  other  hand,  there  is  clanger,  without  care, 
of  weakening  the  important  principle  of  self-support.  The  Board  desire  to 
rest  this  relation  between  the  Church  and  her  sons,  on  the  ground  of  mutual 
obligation,  avoiding  alike  the  evils  incident  to  both  extremes.  They,  there* 
fore,  resolve, 

Art.  1.  That  no  written  obligation  shall  be  required  of  any  candidate  under 
their  care,  to  refund  the  money  which  may  be  granted  ;  yet,  at  the  option  of 
the  person  receiving  aid,  the  appropriation  may  be  considered  a  loan. 

Art.  2.  It  is  esteemed  by  the  Board  a  moral  obligation  on  those  who  are 
aided,  if  they  in  the  providence  of  God  become  able,  to  return,  without  inte- 
rest, the  sum  received  of  the  Board,  that  others  in  like  circumstances  with 
themselves  may  in  turn  be  assisted. 


APPENDIX.  21 

Art.  3.  Each  candidate  shall  be  considered  as  always  on  probation. 

Art.  4.  No  youth  shall  in  general  be  taken  up  who  has  not  spent  at  least 
three  months  in  the  study  of  the  classics,  and  given  good  evidence  of  his  ca- 
pacity for  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  He  must  also  be  not  less  than  four- 
teen years  of  age,  and  have  been  a  member  in  regular  and  good  standing  in 
some  Presbyterian  church  at  least  six  months. 

Art.  5.  If  any  young  man  wishes  to  avail  himself  of  the  aid  of  the  Board, 
he  should  apply  to  his  pastor,  or  some  member  of  the  Presbytery  to  which  he 
would  naturally  belong,  to  be  introduced  to  the  Education  Committee  of  Pres- 
bytery, or  to  the  Presbytery  itself,  to  be  examined  ;  and  if  approved,  to  be 
taken  under  the  care  of  the  Presbytery  as  a  candidate  for  the  minislry,  and 
by  them  to  be  duly  recommended  to  the  patronage  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion.    (See  By-laws,  on  the  co-operation  of  Presbyteries,  Art.  1  and  2.) 

Art.  6.  Every  candidate  shall  forward,  or  cause  to  be  for\\*arded,  quarterly, 
a  report  from  his  teacher,  showing  his  standing  for  piety,  talents,  diligence, 
progress,  prudence,  economy,  ccc,  and  no  remittance  shall  be  made  to  any, 
until  such  report  be  received. 

Art.  7.  Every  candidate  shall  submit  himself  to  the  pastoral  care  of  the 
Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Board,  and  of  the  Associate  Secretary  and 
General  Agent. 

Art.  8.  The  maximum  of  annual  appropriations  shall  not  exceed  one  hun- 
dred dollars  to  theological  students,  and  seventy-five  dollars  to  all  others. 

Art.  9.  Candidates  will  be  received  under  the  care  of  the  Board  quarterly, 
on  the  first  Thursday  of  February,  May,  August,  and  November;  and  all 
appropriations  shall  be  made  quarterly,  at  the  same  periods.  No  payments 
shall  be  made  in  advance. 

Art.  10.  The  tuition  and  boarding  fees,  of  the  Candidates  shall  always  be 
first  paid  out  of  the  appropriations  of  the  Board,  and  the  Board  will,  in  no 
case,  be  responsible  for  debts  of  Candidates. 

Art.  11.  As  the  appropriations  of  the  Board  necessarily  fall  short  of  the 
entire  wants  of  the  Candidates,  so  each  of  them  will  be  expected  to  make  all 
proper  exertions  in  assisting  to  defray  the  expenses  of  his  education. 

Art.  12.  As  a  universal  principle,  the  Board  will  refuse  no  applicant 
merely  for  want  of  funds. 

Art.  13.  If,  at  any  time,  there  be  discovered  in  any  Candidate  such  defect 
in  capacity,  temper,  prudence,  and  especially  in  sincere  piety,  as  would  ren- 
der his  introduction  into  the  ministry  doubtful,  it  shall  be  considered  the 
sacred  duty  of  the  Board  to  withdraw  their  appropriations.  Candidates  shall 
also  cease  to  receive  the  patronage  of  the  Board,  when  their  health  shall 
become  so  bad  as  to  unfit  them  for  study,  and  for  the  work  of  the  ministry; 
when  they  are  manifestly  improvident,  and  contract  debts  without  reasonable 
prospects  of  payment;  when  they  marry;  when  they  become  indolent;  when 
they  receive  the  patronage  of  any  other  Education  Board,  or  Society,  not 
connected  with  this;  when  they  fail  to  make  regular  returns,  or  cease  by  a 
change  of  circumstances  to  need  our  aid. 

Art.  14.  If  any  Candidate  fail  to  enter  on,  or  continue  in  the  work  of  the 
minislry,  unless  he  can  make  it  appear  that  he  is  providentially  prevented, 
or  cease  to  adhere  to  the  standards  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  or  change 
his  place  of  study,  coatrary  to  the  directions  of  the  Executive  Committee,  or 
continue  to  prosecute  his  studies  at  an  institution  not  approved  by  them,  or 
withdraw  his  connexion  from  this  Board,  to  put  himself  under  the  care  of 
any  other  Education  Board  or  Society,  without  furnishing  a  reason  which 


22  APPENDIX. 

shall  be  satisfactory  to  the  Executive  Committee,  he  shall  refund,  with  inte- 
rest, all  the  money  he  may  have  received  of  this  Board. 

Art.  15.  The  Periodicals  of  the  Board  shall  be  sent,  gratis,  to  each  Can- 
didate under  its  care. 

Art.  16.  These  rules  shall  be  printed  and  placed  in  the  hands  of  every 
Candidate,  and  his  approval  of  them  expressed  in  writing,  at  the  time  of  his 
being  received  under  the  care  of  the  Board,  shall  be  taken  and  recorded,  or 
put  on  file  in  the  office. 

Art.  17.  When  any  Candidate  shall  find  it  necessary  to  relinquish  study 
for  a  time,  to  teach  or  otherwise  increase  the  means  of  support,  he  shall  first 
obtain  the  consent  of  the  Executive  Committee;  and  if  he  shall  not  be  absent 
from  study  more  than  three  or  four  months,  his  appropriations  will  be  con- 
tinued, but  if  longer,  they  will  be  discontinued,  or  continued  in  part,  accord- 
ing to  circumstances.* 

Art.  18.  When  a  young  man  leaves  his  place  of  study,  and  is  not  reported, 
or  does  not  report  himself  during  the  year,  his  name  shall  be  stricken  from 
our  roll  of  Candidates. 

OF    AUXILIARIES. 

Art.  1.  Those  Synods  and  Presbyteries  which  prefer  to  retain  their  own 
organization,  and  control  directly  the  education  of  their  own  candidates,  may 
become  auxiliary  to  the  Board;  and  if  they  shall  adopt  these  regulations,  so 
far  as  they  apply  ;  and  pass  all  their  moneys  through  the  hands  of  the  Board, 
they  shall  be  entitled  to  claim  aid  for  all  the  youth  regularly  received  under 
their  care,  however  much  the  appropriations  necessary  may  exceed  the  con,' 
tributions  of  the  said  auxiliaries. 

Art.  2.  If  any  auxiliary  shall  allow  their  candidates  a  larger  amount  of 
aid  than  the  maximum  fixed  by  these  by-laws,  the  Board  will,  if  desired, 
co-operate  cordially,  and  to  the  utmost,  in  endeavouring  to  raise  the  sum 
needed  within  the  bounds  of  the  said  auxiliary,  but  it  shall  not  be  lawful  to 
appropriate  funds  for  this  purpose  from  the  general  treasury  of  the  Board. 

Art.  3.  Every  Auxiliary  will  be  expected  to  report  annually  a  full  account 
of  all  its  proceedings,  before  the  first  of  May. 

■ 

*  So  many  evils  have  arisen  from  students  engaging  in  teaching  for  a  few  months, 
and  attempting  at  the  same  time  to  retain  their  standing  in  their  class,  that  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  have  adopted  the  general  rule,  to  require  their  Candidates  invariably  to 
re-enter  the  class,  at  the  same  point  where  they  left  it,  so  as  to  give  them  the  opportu- 
nity of  passing  over  the  whole  course  of  study,  with  all  the  advantages  which  the  Insti- 
tution offers.  This  rule  is  regarded  as  highly  important  to  the  scholarship  and  stand- 
ing of  the  students. 


APPENDIX. 


23 


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TO  BE  SIGNED  BY  THE  APPLICANT  FOR  AID. 

Pledge. — Having  solicited  the  patronage  of  the  Board  of  Education  in  prosecuting  a 
course  of  literary  and  theological  studies,  that  my  views  and  purposes  may  be  fully 
understood,  I  subscribe  the  following  declaration:  viz.  I  hereby  declare  it  to  be  my 
solemn  purpose  to  devote  my  life  to  the  Christian  ministry;  and  having  examined  the 
Confession  of  Faith  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  I  am  free  to  avow  that,  as  far  as  I  under- 
stand it,  it  exhibits  my  views  of  the  doctrines  of  the  Word  of  God.  I  also  approve  of  the 
Government  and  Discipline  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  theafj  United  States.  In  seek- 
ing the  ministry,  therefore,  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  I  fully  intend  to  pursue  a  tho- 
rough course  of  study  preparatory  to  the  study  of  Theology,  and,  when  prepared,  to 
pursue  a  three-years  course  of  theological  studies.  And  having  examined  the  by-laws 
of  the  Board,  I  hereby  signify  my  cordial  approval  of  them,  and  promise  to  acquiesce  in 
and  attend  to  all  their  requisitions  which  have  any  reference  to  candidates.  And  should 
I  faH,  through  my  own  fault,  to  enter  the  ministry;  or  cease  to  adhere  to  the  standards 
of  tjie  Presbyterian  Church;  or  should  I,  while  under  the  care  of  the  Board,  change  my 
ptyce  of  study,  contrary  to  the  directions  of  the  Executive  Committee;  or  continue  to 
prosecute  my  studies  at  an  institution  not  approved  by  them;  or  withdraw  my  connexion 
from  the  Church,  of  which  this  Board  is  the  organ,  without  furnishing  a  reason  which 
shall  be  satisfactory  to  them,  I  do  hereby  bind  myself,  in  any  of  these  cases,  to  refund, 
as  soon  as  I  am  able,  all  monies  I  shall  have  received  from  the  Board,  with  interest  on 
the  same. 


24 


APPENDIX. 


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NAMES. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  FORMER  REPORTS. 

"  It  is,  obviously,  not  the  design  of  Providence  that  every  pious  young  man' 
should  become  a  minister  of  the  gospel.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  the  earnest  wish 
of  the  Board,  that  every  youth  whose  heart  God  hath  powerfully  inclined  to  this 
holy,  self-denying  work,  and  whose  talents  and  good  sense  give  promise  of  useful- 
ness, should  be  brought  forward  and  aided  as  his  circumstances  may  require. 
'  The  harvest  truly  is  plenteous,  but  the  labourers  are  few.'" 

Wm.  Neill. 

"  The  brief  but  comprehensive  directory  of  Christ,  "  Go  ye  into  all  the  world  and 
preach  the  Gospel  to  every  creature,"  shuts  up  the  church  of  God,  in  general,  and 
every  member  of  it  in  particular,  to  the  alternative  of  preaching  the  gospel,  or  of 
causing  it  to  be  preached  to  every  creature.  All  may  not  preach,  but  all  may  aid 
in  training  preachers,  and  in  sending  them  forth  after  they  are  trained,  and  in  sus- 
taining them  in  the  field.  We  may  dispute  about  the  method  of  training,  the  form 
of  sending  them  forth,  or  the  means  and  measure  of  support.  But  the  obligation 
and  the  importance  of  each  link  in  that  chain  which  connects  the  Gospel  of  Christ 
with  the  souls  of  his  creatures,  no  consistent  man  of  God  can  for  a  moment  deny. 
The  first  of  these  duties  in  order,  not  only  of  time  but  of  importance,  is  the  train- 
ing of  the  ministers  of  Christ."  J.  Breckinridge. 

"  If  God  answers  the  prayer  for  more  labourers,  the  men  must  receive  the  amount 
of  training  necessary  to  make  them  workmen  that  need  not  be  ashamed,  able 
rightly  to  divide  the  word  of  truth.  And  if  God  chooses  to  call  poor  men,  as  Christ 
did,  he  will  put  it  into  the  hearts  of  his  people,  as  formerly  into  the  hearts  of  the 
females  of  Galilee,  to  contribute  what  will  be  necessary  to  supply  them  with  food 
and  raiment. 

"As  we  give  so  small  a  sum  to  each,  we  think  it  best  to  give  it  without  requir- 
ing any  written  obligation  to  refund:  so  that  the  young  man  may  more  cheerfully 
make  the  efforts  necessary  to  sustain  himself.  And  then  when  he  does  reach  the 
end  of  his  desires,  and  enters  on  the  ministry,  he  has  not  to  look  with  horror  at 
the  load  of  debt  hanging  over  him,  which  he  has  no  present  means,  or  certain 
prospect  of  paying — nor  is  he  driven  into  some  secular  employment  for  the  pur- 
pose of  raising  those  means,  but  permitted  unembarrassed  to  enter  the  Lord's 
harvest."  F.  McFarland. 

"  The  whole  history  of  the  Church  confirms  the  sentiment  taught  expressly  in 
many  passages  of  Scripture,  and  by  implication,  on  every  page  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, that  the  great  agency  appointed  and  employed  of  God  in  the  work  of  instruct- 
ing and  saving  men,  is  the  living  ministry  of  Christianity.  It  follows,  therefore, 
that  the  whole  interest  and  responsibility  involved  in  that  mighty  work,  travels  back 
through  the  successive  stages  of  instrumentality,  and  fixes  in  all  its  magnitude 
upon  the  primary  business  of  furnishing  and  training  ministers  of  the  Gospel. 
And  this  most  important  and  vital  work  is  precisely  the  one  in  which  the  Board 
of  Educa  ion  is  embarked,  with  all  its  zeal,  wisdom  and  energy.  It  is  not  merely 
the  support  of  a  few  poor  young  men,  struggling  into  the  ministry: — it  is  to  pro- 
mote by  every  wise  means,  the  great  cause  of  Christian  education;  to  bring  the 
obligations  and  claims  of  the  ministry  before  the  minds  of  Christian  parents,  and 
to  enthrone  them  in  the  hearts  of  the  young  men  of  our  Church.  So  far  as  they 
are  successful,  the  effect  will  be  to  awaken  new  and  higher  views  of  parental 
responsibility,  to  extend  and  hallow  the  means  and  objects  of  primary  Christian 
education,  to  fill  our  various  Institutions  of  learning  with  youth  either  personally 
consecrated  to  the  service  of  God,  or  such  as  may  afterwards  be  baptized  with  its 
spirit.     Such  is  the  vast  and  comprehensive  and  solemn  scope  of  our  agency." 

M.  B.  Hone, 


■     ' .   i   .  ijj.   ••■■   •  •   .  .  1LL.  •   .   .   •• !• • i-i 


LIFE   MEMBERS. 

List  of  persons  constituted  Life-members  of  the  Board  of  Education  during  the 
year,  by  the  payment  of  Fifty  Dollars. 


John  Alexander, 
Rev.  J.  S.  K.  Axson, 
Rev.  James  C.  Bayless, 
Rev.  Francis  Bowman, 
Mr.  H.  B.  Gwathmey, 
Rev.  A.  Gilchrist, 
Rev.  Robert  Hamill, 
Rev.  W.  T.  Hamilton,  D.D. 
Rev.  Moses  D.  Hoge, 
Rev.  Nathan  Hoyt,  D.D. 


Mrs.  Henry  Huntting, 
Mr.  W.  Q.  Morton, 
Rev.  R.  B.  E.  McLeod, 
Mrs.  Jane  Paxton, 
Rev.  W.  Preston,  D.D. 
Rev.  R.  Quarterrnan, 
Rev.  J.  B.  Ross, 
Mr.  J.  Y.  Russell, 
Rev.  Moses  Russell, 
Rev.  A.  G.  Vermilye. 


LEGACIES 

[It  is  admitted  to  be  the  duty  of  every  one,  as  the  steward  of  God,  to  use  the 
property  committed  to  him,  so  as  to  promote  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salvation  of 
men  in  the  most  effectual  manner  while  he  yet  lives.  There  may  be  circumstances 
however,  which  may  prevent  persons  from  dividing  their  estate  during  their  lifetime, 
but  when  it  comes  to  be  finally  disposed  of,  and  accounts  balanced  for  this  world 
and  the  next,  there  may  be  many  to  say,  "  Let  the  cause  of  Christ  be  my  heir,"  or 
at  least  " one  of  my  heirs"  To  meet  the  views  of  such,  the  following  form  has 
been  prepared.] 

DEVISE  OR  BEQUEST. 

I  give  and  devise  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian 

Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  the  sum  of ,  to  be  applied  by 

said  Board  to  the  Education  of  pious  and  indigent  Young   Men   for   the  Gospel 

Ministry. 


When  bequests  are  made  to  the  Board  of  Education,  let  the  foregoing  form  be 
observed.  Legacies  are  often  lost  to  the  cause  which  the  testator  designs  to  aid,  by 
a  defect  in  the  will. 

When  real  estate  or  other  property  i3  given,  let  it  be  particularly  described. 

: 

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■  ••  ■  •  - : •  ■  ■ 


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(i, 


BOARD  OF  EDUCATION'. 


OF  THE 


PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

Alexander  Henry,  President. 

Ashbel  Green,  D.D.        } 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,       V  Vice-Presidents. 

Thomas  Bradford,  Esq.  ) 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.D.,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.D.,  Jlsso.  Sec'y  and  Gen.  Agent. 

Wm.  M.  Atkinson,  D.D.,  Ag'tfor  the  South  £  S.  West. 

R.  Soutter,  Jr.,  Recording  Secretary. 

Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Treasurer. 

The  Board  meet  on  the  first  Thursday  of  every  mojnth  at  4 
o'clock,  P.  M. 

The  Executive  Committee  meet  weekly  on  Thursday,  at  3§ 
o'clock,  P.  M. 

The  Board  is  established  upon  the  principle  that  the  Church 
is  bound  to  make  provision  for  the  education  «f  such  of  her 
sons  as  are  called  of  God  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  are 
in  circumstances  to  require  her  aid. 

"Go  ye  into  all  the  world  and  preach  the  Gospel  to  every  creature." 
"  Pray  ye  the  Lord  of  the  harvest  that  he  would  send  forth  labourers  into  his  har- 
vest." 

"  If  a  man  desire  the  office  of  a  bishop,  he  desireth  a  good  work." 
"  The  same  commit  thou  to  faithful  men,  who  shall  be  able  to  teach  others  also." 
"  And  the  twelve  were  with  Him ;  and  certain  women  ***  ministered  unto  Him 
of  their  substance." 

"How  shall  they  preach  except  they  be  sent?" 
"As  long  as  heliveth,  he  shall  be  lent  unto  the  Lord." 

"For  ye  see  your  calling,  brethren,  how  that  not  many  wise  men  after  the  flesh, 
not  many  mighty,  not  many  noble  are  called." 
"  Distributing  to  the  necessities  of  saints." 

Whole  number  of  Candidates,  1663 

Number  on  the  roll,  (1S46-7)  403 

Amount  received  from  the  churches  (1S46-7)     $35,627.14 

In  regard  to  the  character  of  those  introduced  into  the  sacred 
ministry,  through  the  agency  of  the  Board,  it  deserves  to  be 
mentioned  that  they  are  filling  some  of  the  most  commanding 
positions  in  our  Church,  and  that  they  have  furnished  a  large  . 
proportion  both  of  our  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missionaries. 

The  Board  has  steadily  carried  out  its  determination  to  raise 
the  standard  of  requirement,  both  as  to  talents  and  piety,  so  as 
to  present  to  the  churches  for  their  support  only  such  as  may 
be  relied  upon  as  worthy  of  full  confidence. 


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Three  things  are  essential  to  the  successful  operations  of  this 
Board;  viz.  the  prayers  of  God's  people — their  pecuniary  con- 
tributions— and  the  dedication  and  training  up  of  their  children 
for  the  service  of  Christ  and  His  church. 

1.  Prayer  for  the  increase  of  Gospel  ministers  is  a  command 
of  the  divine  Redeemer.  The  Church  cannot  expect  that  the 
great  work  of  training  up  heralds  of  salvation  can  ever  be  suc- 
cessful, without  the  influences  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  sent  down  in 
answer  to  prayer.  "  Pray  ye  the  Lord  of  the  harvest  that  he 
would  send  forth  labourers  into  his  harvest." 

2.  The  'pecuniary  contributions  of  the  churches  are  neces- 
sary for  the  education  and  support  of  the  indigent,  during  their 
course  of  preparation  for  the  ministry.  Let  all  our  members 
(according  to  their  ability)  in  all  our  churches  do  something 
for  this  cause,  from  love  to  Jesus,  who  "for  our  sakes  became 
poor,"  and  who  hath  given  to  us  "  the  ministry  of  reconcilia- 
tion."   •' 

3.  Above  all,  the  dedication  and  training  up  of  children 
for  the  service  of  the  Christian  ministry,  with  an  humble  reli- 
ance on  the  Spirit  and  Providence  of  God,  is  an  offering  of  faith 
and  love,  which  God  has  often  blessed  to  the  increase  and 
glory  of  his  chfirch.  Samuel  was  "given  unto  the  Lord  all  the 
days  of  his  life"  by  Hannah;  and  the  faith  of  Timothy  "dwelt 
first  in  his  grandmother  Lois  and  his  mother  Eunice."  The 
same  history  belongs  to  Augustin,  Doddridge,  Mills,  Payson, 
and  multitudes  of  God's  faithful  servants.  May  this  self-sacri- 
ficing, and  blessed  spirit  of  consecration  be  kindled  in  the  hearts 
of  many  throughout  the  Church! 


The  last  command  of  Christ,  enclosing  a  commission  wide 
as  the  world  and  lasting  as  the  race,  selects  and  ew')o'ms preach- 
ing as  the  divine  method  of  making  known  salvation  to  men. 
It  is,  therefore,  the  duty  of  the  Church,  first  to  furnish,  then  to 
train,  and  lastly  to  send  forth  her  ministering  sons.  The 
Church  is  the  mother  of  the  ministers  of  Christ.  They  are 
born  in  Zion,  and  must  be  trained  under  her  tutelary  care,  or 
the  world  will  never  have  the  gospel  preached  to  it. 

Our  Foreign  and  Domestic  Missionary  Boards,  and  indeed 
almost  all  the  benevolent  enterprises  of  the  age,  call  for  more 
men.  The  responsibility  involved  in  the  regeneration  of  the 
world  fixes  itself  in  all  its  magnitude  upon  the  primary  busi- 
ness of  furnishing  and  training  ministers  of  the  gospel.  And 
this  most  important  and  vital  work  is  precisely  the  one  in 
which  the  Board  of  Education  is  engaged,  under  the  superin- 
tendence and  sanction  of  the  General  Assembly. 


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PHILADELPHIA.- 
PUBLISHED     BY      THE     BOARD. 

WILLIAM    S.   MARTIEN,   PRINTER. 

1842. 


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CONSTITUTIOxN  AND  BY-LAWS 


OF   THE 


BOARD   OF   EDUCATION. 


As  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly,  A.  D.  1819,  and  subsequently  amended. 


Article  I.  There  shall  be  a  General  Board  of  Education,  known  by 
the  name  of"  The  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  United  States  of  America." 

Art.  II.  The  Board  shall  consist  of  sixty-seven  members,  elected  by 
the  General  Assembly,  of  whom  thirty-two  shall  be  ministers,  and 
thirty-five  other  male  communicating  members  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church ;  one  minister  and  one  layman  to  be  chosen  from  each  Synod, 
and  the  remainder  from  Philadelphia,  and  from  a  distance  convenient  to 
it,  together  with  such  vice-presidents  as  the  Board  may  appoint.  Five 
members  including  the  president  or  a  vice-president,  shall  be  a  quorum 
to  transact  business. 

Art.  III.  The  whole  number  of  members  shall  be  divided  into  four 
classes,  one-fourth  to  be  annually  elected. 

Art.  IV.  The  election  of  the  members  of  the  Board  shall  be  made  by 
nomination  and  ballot,  by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  V.  The  officers  of  the  Board,  to  be  annually  appointed  by  the 
Board,  shall  be  a  President,  a  Recording  Secretary,  a  Corresponding 
Secretary,  General  Agent,  a  Treasurer,  and  so  many  Vice-presidents 
as  the  Board  may  deem  it  expedient  to  appoint. 

Art  VI.  The  objects  of  the  Board  shall  be — 

1.  To  recognize  such  Presbyteries  and  other  associations  as  may 
form  themselves  into  Education  Societies,  auxiliary  to  the  General 
Board. 

2.  To  assist  such  Presbyteries  and  Associations  in  educating  pious 
youth  for  the  Gospel  ministry,  both  in  their  academical  and  theological 
course. 

3.  To  assign,  according  to  their  best  discretion  to  the  several  Aux- 


<i>  CONSTITUTION. 

iliary  Societies,  a  just  portion  of  the  whole  disposable  funds  under  their 
control. 

4.  To  concert  and  execute  such  measures  as  they  shall  judge  to  be 
proper  for  increasing  their  funds,  and  promoting  the  general  object. 

Art.  VII.  No  young  man  shall  be  patronized  or  assisted  by  an  Aux- 
iliary Society,  unless  he  shall  produce  a  testimonial  of  his  hopeful  piety 
and  talents  from  some  Presbytery,  under  whose  care  he  shall  be  taken.* 

Art.  VIII.  Auxiliary  Societies  may  make  such  arrangements  and  se- 
lection of  a  Seminary  for  the  young  men  under  their  patronage,  as,  in 
their  opinion,  shall  be  most  eligible  for  the  prosecuting  of  their  educa- 
tion, whether  classical  or  theological. 

Art.  IX.  The  Auxiliary  Societies  shall  send  to  the  Board  all  the  sur- 
plus funds  in  their  hands,  which  shall  not  be  necessary  for  the  accom- 
modation of  those  immediately  depending  on  them  for  support. 

Art.  X.  Every  Auxiliary  Society  shall  forward,  annually,  a  report 
of  their  proceedings  to  the  Board,  sufficiently  early  to  enable  the  Board 
(whose  duty  it  shall  be)  to  report  to  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  XI.  The  Board  shall  have  power  to  make  such  by-laws,  to  regu- 
late their  own  proceedings,  and  effectually  to  accomplish  the  great  ob- 
jects of  their  appointment,  as  shall  not  be  inconsistent  with  this  consti- 
tution. 

Art.  XII.  The  Board  may  propose  to  the  General  Assembly,  from 
time  to  time,  such  plans,  as  they  may  consider  useful  and  necessary 
for  the  success  of  the  institution,  to  be  recommended  to  the  several  So- 
cieties or  Churches,  as  the  Assembly  may  think  proper. 

Art.  XIII.  No  addition  or  amendment  to  the  provisions  of  this  Con- 
stitution shall  be  made,  unless  by  consent  of  two-thirds  of  the  members 
of  the  General  Assembly,  present  at  any  of  their  sessions,  of  which 
notice  shall  be  given  at  least  one  day  previous. 

Art.  XIV.  [By  the  General  Assembly  of  1823]— "Resolved, That  all 
the  Presbyteries  under  the  care  of  this  Assembly  be,  and  they  hereby 
are  required,  as  soon  as  possible  after  their  several  sessions,  immedi- 
ately preceding  the  meeting  of  the  General  Assembly,  to  send  up  to  the 
Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Education,  under  the  care  of 
the  General  Assembly,  a  report  stating  what  moneys  they  have  collect- 
ed for  the  education  of  poor  and  pious  youth  within  their  bounds,  and 
what  candidates  or  students  they  have  on  their  charitable  funds." 

Art.  XV.  "  Resolved,  That  when  any  Presbytery  has  no  beneficiary 
on  their  funds,  they  be,  and  they  hereby  are  required  to  remit  their 
funds  to  the  treasurer  of  the  said  Board  of  Education,  that  the  same 
may  be  appropriated  according  to  the  constitution  of  the  Board." 

Art.  XVI.  "  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Education  be  and  they  here- 
by are  required  to  report  annually  a  summary  of  what  has  been  done 
in  the  business  of  education  by  the  Presbyteries,  as  well  as  the  Auxili- 
ary Societies  ;  and  that  hereafter  the  Assembly  will  act  on  the  Report 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  and  not  require  the  Presbyteries  to  report 
immediately  to  the  Assembly.    Resolved,  That  the  Assembly  will  every 

*  If  he  be  connected  with  a  Presbytery— otherwise,  it  is  of  course,  not  required. 
!        J 


CONSTITUTION.  3 

year  inquire  whether  the  Presbyteries  have  reported  on  this  subject  to 
the  Board  of  Education." 

Act.  XVII.  [By  the  General  Assembly  of  1824]  "  Resolved,That  the 
Board  of  Education  be,  and  hereby  are  authorized  to  select  and  educate 
such  young  men  as  are  contemplated  by  the  Constitution  of  that 
Board." 

Art.  XVIII.  [By  the  General  Assembly  of  1825]  "  Resolved,  That 
the  Board  of  Education  may  appoint  any  person  whom  they  may  deem 
suitable,  to  be  their  treasurer,  to  continue  in  office  during  their  pleasure  ; 
and  that  he  shall  be  ex  officio,  a  member  of  said  Board." 

Art.  XIX.  [By  the  General  Assembly  of  1841 J  "-Resolved,  That  the 
Assembly  approve  of  the  charter  obtained  by  the  Board,  and  order  that, 
in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  charter,  it  shall  hereafter  be  known 
by  the  name  of  "The  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States  of  America." 

Art.  XX.  The  Assembly  would  also  provide,  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  the  aforesaid  charter,  that  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Education  in  the  year  1842,  on  the  day  when  the  Board  meets  to 
re-organize  and  elect  its  officers,  they  shall  proceed  to  elect,  by  ballot, 
three  persons  in  the  room  of  the  three  first  named  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  incorporated  by  the  aforesaid  charter.  On  the  day 
of  the  annual  meeting  in  1843,  they  shall  proceed  in  like  manner  to  elect 
three  persons  in  the  room  of  the  second  three  Trustees  named  in  the 
charter  aforesaid :  and  on  the  day  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Education  in  1844,  they  shall  elect  in  the  same  manner,  three  per- 
sons in  the  room  of  the  three  remaining  Trustees  of  the  aforesaid  Board; 
and  thenceforward  annually  electing  three  persons  in  the  room  of  that 
class  which  has  served  three  years ;  provided  always,  that  the  same 
persons  shall  be  re-eligible. 

Art.  XXI.  The  Board  of  Education  may  also,  at  any  of  its  regular 
meetings,  elect  persons  to  fill  vacancies  occurring  by  death,  resignation, 
or  otherwise. 


(     4     ) 


BY-LAWS. 

CHAPTER  I. 

OF     THE     BOARD. 

Art.  1.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Board  to  endeavour,  by  all  proper 
means,  to  promote  the  great  object  for  which  it  was  organized,  viz.  to 
raise  up  and  educate  for  the  service  of  the  Church  and  the  conversion 
of  the  world,  young  men  of  the  right  spirit,  and  in  adequate  numbers. 

Art.  2.  The  Board  shall  meet  annually,  within  seven  days  after  its 
election,  at  the  call  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  former  year,  to 
constitute,  appoint  its  officers,  &c.  for  the  ensuing  year.  Stated  meet- 
ings of  the  Board  shall  be  held  monthly,  on  the  first  Thursday  of  each 
month  for  the  transaction  of  business.  Special  meetings,  also,  may  be 
called  by  the  executive  committee  or  the  President  of  (he  Board. 

Art.  3.  A  majority  shall  be  sufficient  to  decide  ordinary  questions, 
but  two-thirds  of  the  members  present  shall  be  necessary  to  alter  any 
of  these  rules. 

Art.  4.  The  Board  shall,  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, hold  its  anniversary  meeting,  at  which  the  report  of  its  proceedings, 
during  the  previous  year,  shall  be  read,  and  be  followed  by  such  other 
public  exercises  as  may  seem  proper  to  the  Executive  Committee. 

CHAPTER  II. 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

Art.  1.  At  the  first  meeting  of  each  year,  the  Board  shall  elect  by 
ballot  a  committee  of  ten,  to  be  called  the  Executive  Committee,  to 
whom,  in  an  especial  manner,  shall  be  committed  the  management  of 
the  business  of  the  Board.  The  Corresponding  Secretary  and  Treasu- 
rer shall  be,  ex  officio,  members  of  the  Committee. 

Art.  2.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  appoint  its  own  officers,  and 
make  its  own  by-laws,  and  shall  be  authorized  to  do  whatever  may  be 
necessary  and  proper  for  promoting  the  interests  of  the  great  cause, 
without  violation  of  the  Constitution  and  rules  of  the  Board. 

Art.  3.  The  Executive  Committee  shall  keep  a  fair  record  of  all  its 
proceedings,  and  report  monthly,  or  oftener  if  required,  for  the  revision 
and  approval  of  the  Board. 

CHAPTER  III. 

CORRESPONDING    SECRETARY    AND    GENERAL    AGENT. 

Art.  1.  The  Corresponding  Secretary  and  General  Agent  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  Board. 

Art.  2.  It  shall  be  their  duty  to  endeavour,  by  all  proper  means,  to 
call  forth  and  train  suitable  young  men  for  the  work  of  the  ministry. 
To  this  end,  they  shall  devote  themselves  exclusively  to  the  promotion 


BY-LAWS.  5 

of  the  interests  of  the  education  cause  in  its  various  departments.  They 
shall  visit,  and  endeavour  to  rouse  the  Churches  on  this  subject;  and 
especially  to  secure  the  co-operation  of  the  Presbyteries,  according  to 
the  principles  adopted  by  the  Board,  and  approved  and  recommended 
by  the  General  Assembly. 

Art.  3.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  to  take 
charge  of  the  Office,  conduct  the  correspondence,  and  superintend 
the  publications  of  the  Board.  He  shall  prepare  all  the  regular  business 
for  the  meetings  of  the  Board,  and  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and 
shall  always  be  considered  as  their  official  organ. 

Art.  4.  He  shall  exercise  a  pastoral  care  over  all  the  Candidates  of 
the  Board :  he  shall  frequently  visit  them,  and  shall  correspond  with 
them  and  their  teachers  as  often  as  circumstances  may  require ;  and 
shall,  in  all  his  intercourse  with  them,  seek  to  impress  their  minds  with 
the  greatness  and  responsibility  of  the  office  to  which  they  aspire,  and 
with  a  sense  of  the  necessity  of  Divine  assistance,  and  of  supreme  de- 
votion of  themselves  to  the  service  of  the  Saviour  in  it. 

Art.  5.  He  shall  keep  a  register  of  the  students,  including  their 
names,  ages,  residence,  &c.  &c,  and  open,  and  keep  with  each  one,  a 
regular  account,  and  remit  to  each  their  respective  appropriations. 

Art.  6.  He  shall  report  regularly  to  the  Executive  Committee  and  to 
the  Board,  an  account  of  his  proceedings,  and  shall  be  subject  to  such 
constitutional  instructions  as  he  may  from  time  to  time  receive  from 
them. 

Art.  7.  He  shall  keep  a  regular  account  of  all  moneys  subscribed 
and  received,  with  the  names  of  the  individuals  or  auxiliaries  from 
whom  they  come,  supported  by  proper  vouchers. 

Art.  8.  Such  assistance  shall  be  afforded  to  the  Corresponding  Se- 
cretary in  his  office  and  work,  as  may  be  deemed  necessary.  All  as- 
sistants under  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  shall  be  subject  to  the 
above  rules,  so  far  as  they  apply. 

Art.  9.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  General  Agent  to  take  charge  of 
the  entire  agency  of  the  Board,  under  the  direction  of  the  Executive 
Committee ;  and  to  see  that  every  portion  of  the  Church,  as  far  as  prac- 
ticable, is  brought  up  to  the  discharge  of  their  duty  to  the  cause. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

OF     THE     TREASURER. 

Art.  1.  The  Treasurer  shall  be  elected  at  the  pleasure  of  the  Board. 

Art.  2.  He  shall  give  bonds  for  the  proper  discharge  of  the  duties  of 
his  office. 

Art.  3.  He  shall  receive  and  faithfully  keep,  subject  to  order,  all  the 
moneys  of  the  Board. 

Art.  4.  He  shall  pay  all  orders  signed  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Exec- 
utive Committee,  and  by  the  acting  Secretary  of  the  same. 

Art.  5.  The  Treasurer  shall  also  take  charge  of  all  other  donations 
intended  for  the  use  of  the  Candidates. 


BY-LAWS. 


CHAPTER  V. 

OF    THE    COOPERATION    OF    PRESBYTERIES. 

Art.  1.  The  Board  attach  great  importance  to  the  plan  of  Presbyte- 
rial  cooperation,  recommended  by  the  General  Assembly,  for  the 
reception  and  support  of  candidates.  By  this  plan  every  candidate  is 
required  to  put  himself  under  the  care  of  a  Presbytery  before  he  can  be 
taken  up  by  the  Board.  He  is  to  be  examined  either  in  open  Presby- 
tery, or  by  a  Committee  on  Education,  appointed  for  the  purpose,  on 
his  personal  and  experimental  piety,  on  his  motives  for  seeking  the 
holy  office  of  the  ministry,  on  his  attachment  to  the  standards  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  on  his  general  habits,  his  prudence,  his  studies, 
his  talents,  his  gifts  for  public  speaking,  on  his  disposition  to  struggle 
to  maintain  himself,  and  his  willingness  to  observe  the  rules  of  the 
Board. 

Art.  2.  If  the  examination  be  sustained,  a  detailed  report  shall  be 
made  to  the  Board,  by  the  stated  clerk,  or  the  chairman  of  the  education 
committee  of  the  Presbytery,  of  his  name,  age,  residence,  church-mem- 
bership, place  of  education,  progress  in  his  studies,  need  of  aid,  piety, 
promise,  and  whatever  else  may  seem  proper. 

Art.  3.  The  Board  would  respectfully  say,  that  the  recommendation 
of  a  young  man  is  so  solemn  an  event  to  himself,  and  involves  so 
deeply  the  character  and  success  of  the  cause  of  Education,  that  it 
should  demand  the  most  serious  and  deliberate  consideration:  and  if 
the  application  be  of  doubtful  expediency,  it  should  be  postponed,  till  a 
full  and  satisfactory  trial  can  be  made  of  the  candidate. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

OF    CANDIDATES    AND    APPROPRIATIONS. 

The  Board  act  upon  the  principle  that  the  Church,  as  a  moral  parent, 
is  bound  to  make  provision  for  the  education  of  such  of  her  sons,  as  are 
called  of  God  to  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  are  in  circumstances  to 
require  her  aid.  It  is  their  deep  conviction  that  the  system  of  unquali- 
fied loans  is  injurious  and  unsafe.  And  yet,  on  the  other  hand,  there 
is  danger  without  care,  of  weakening  the  important  principle  of  self- 
support.  The  Board  desire  to  rest  this  relation  between  the  Church 
and  her  sons,  on  the  ground  of  mutual  obligation,  avoiding  alike  the 
evils  incident  to  both  extremes.     They,  therefore,  resolve, 

Art.  1.  That  no  written  obligation  shall  be  required  of  any  candidate 
under  their  care,  to  refund  the  money  which  may  be  granted :  yet,  at 
the  option  of  the  person  receiving  aid,  the  appropriation  may  be  consid- 
ered a  loan. 

Art.  2.  It  is  esteemed  by  the  Board  a  moral  obligation  on  those  who 
are  aided,  if  they,  in  the  providence  of  God,  become  able,  to  return, 


BY-LAWS.  7 

without  interest,  the  sum  received  of  the  Board,  that  others  in  like  cir- 
cumstances with  themselves,  may  in  turn  be  assisted. 

Art.  3.  Each  candidate  shall  be  considered  as  always  on  probation. 

Art.  4.  No  youth  shall,  in  general,  be  taken  up  who  has  not  spent  at 
least  three  months  in  the  study  of  the  classics,  and  given  good  evidence 
of  his  capacity  for  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  He  must  also  be  not 
less  than  fourteen  years  of  age,  and  have  been  a  member  in  regular  and 
good  standing  in  some  Presbyterian  Church  at  least  six  months. 

Art.  5.  If  any  young  man  wishes  to  avail  himself  of  the  aid  of  the 
Board,  he  should  apply  to  his  pastor,  or  some  member  of  the  Pres- 
bytery to  which  he  would  naturally  belong,  to  be  introduced  to  the 
Education  Committee  of  Presbytery,  or  to  the  Presbytery  itself,  to  be 
examined,  and  if  approved,  to  be  taken  under  the  care  of  the  Presby- 
tery as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  and  by  them  to  be  duly  recom- 
mended to  the  patronage  of  the  Board  of  Education.  (See  By-laws, 
on  the  co-operation  of  Presbyteries,  Art.  1  and  2.) 

Art.  6.  Every  candidate  shall  forward,  or  cause  to  be  forwarded, 
quarterly,  a  report  from  his  teacher,  showing  his  standing  for  piety, 
talents,  diligence,  progress,  prudence,  economy,  &c,  and  no  remittance 
shall  be  made  to  any,  until  such  report  be  received. 

Art.  7.  Every  candidate  shall  submit  himself  to  the  pastoral  care  of 
the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Board. 

Art.  8.  The  maximum  of  annual  appropriations  shall  not  exceed  one 
hundred  dollars  to  theological  students,  and  seventy-five  dollars  to  all 
others. 

Art.  9.  Candidates  will  be  received  under  the  care  of  the  Board, 
quarterly,  on  the  first  Thursday  of  February,  May,  August,  and  No- 
vember ;  and  all  appropriations  shall  be  made  quarterly,  at  the  same 
periods.     No  payments  shall  be  made  in  advance. 

Art.  10.  The  tuition  and  boarding  fees  of  the  candidate  shall  always 
be  first  paid  out  of  the  appropriations  of  the  Board,  and  the  Board  will, 
in  no  case,  be  responsible  for  debts  of  candidates. 

Art.  11.  As  the  Appropriations  of  the  Board  necessarily  fall  short  of 
the  entire  wants  of  the  candidates,  so  each  of  them  will  be  expected  to 
make  all  proper  exertions  in  assisting  to  defray  the  expenses  of  his 
education. 

Art.  12.  When  any  candidate  shall  find  it  necessary  to  relinquish 
study  for  a  time  to  teach  or  otherwise  increase  the  means  of  support, 
he  shall  first  obtain  the  consent  of  the  Executive  Committee;  and  if  he 
shall  not  be  absent  from  study  more  than  three  or  four  months,  his  ap- 
propriations will  be  continued ;  but  if  longer,  they  will  be  discontinued, 
or  continued  in  part,  according  to  circumstances. 

Art.  13.  As  a  universal  principle,  the  Board  will  refuse  no  applicant 
merely  for  want  of  funds. 

Art.  14.  If,  at  any  time,  there  be  discovered  in  any  candidate  such 
defect  in  capacity,  temper,  prudence,  and  especially  in  sincere  piety,  as 
would  render  his  introduction  into  the  ministry  doubtful,  it  shall  be  con- 
sidered the  sacred  duty  of  the  Board  to  withdraw  their  appropriations. 
Candidates  shall  also  cease  to  receive  the  patronage    of  the  Board, 


0  BY-LAWS. 

when  their  health  shall  become  so  bad  as  to  unfit  them  for  study,  and 
for  the  work  of  the  Ministry ;  when  they  are  manifestly  improvident, 
and  contract  debts  without  reasonable  prospect  of  payment;  when  they 
marry;  when  they  become  indolent;  when  they  receive  the  patronage 
of  any  other  Education  Board,  or  Society,  not  connected  with  this ; 
when  they  fail  to  make  regular  returns,  or  cease  by  a  change  of  circum- 
stances, to  need  our  aid. 

Art.  15.  If  any  candidate  fail  to  enter  on,  or  continue  in  the  work  of 
the  Ministry,  unless  he  can  make  it  appear  that  he  is  providentially 
prevented,  or  cease  to  adhere  to  the  Standards  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  Or  change  his  place  of  study,  contrary  to  the  directions  of  the 
Executive  Committee,  or  continue  to  prosecute  his  studies  at  an  insti- 
tution not  approved  by  them,  or  withdraw  his  connexion  from  this 
Board,  to  put  himself  under  the  care  of  any  other  Education  Board  or 
Society,  without  furnishing  a  reason  which  shall  be  satisfactory  to  the 
Executive  Committee,  he  shall  refund,  with  interest,  all  the  money  he 
may  have  received  of  this  Board. 

Art.  16.  Candidates  are  not  allowed  to  abridge  their  course  of  study 
but  by  consent  first  obtained. 

Art.  17.  When  a  young  man  leaves  his  place  of  study,  and  is  not 
reported,  or  does  not  report  himself  during  the  year,  his  name  shall  be 
stricken  from  our  roll  of  candidates. 

Art.  18.  The  Periodicals  of  the  Board  shall  be  sent,  gratis,  to  each 
candidate  under  its  care;  and  also  a  copy  of  the  Confession  of  Faith. 

Art.  19.  These  rules  shall  be  printed  and  placed  in  the  hands  of 
every  candidate ;  and  his  approval  of  them  expressed  in  writing,  at  the 
time  of  his  being  received  under  the  care  of  the  Board,  shall  be  taken 
and  recorded,  or  put  on  the  file  in  the  office. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

OF    AUXILIARIES. 

Art.  1.  Those  Synods  and  Presbyteries  which  prefer  to  retain  their 
own  organization,  and  control  directly  the  education  of  their  own  can- 
didates, may  become  auxiliary  to  the  Board;  and  if  they  shall  adopt 
these  regulations,  so  far  as  they  apply,  and  pass  all  their  monies 
through  the  hands  of  the  Board,  they  shall  be  entitled  to  claim  aid  for 
all  the  youth  regularly  received  under  their  care,  however  much  the 
appropriations  necessary  may  exceed  the  contributions  of  the  said 
auxiliaries. 

Art.  2.  If  any  auxiliary  shall  allow  their  beneficiaries  a  larger  amount 
of  aid,  than  the  maximum  fixed  by  these  by-laws,  the  Board  will,  if 
desired,  co-operate  cordially,  and  to  the  utmost,  in  endeavoring  to  raise 
the  sum  needed  within  the  bounds  of  the  said  auxiliary,  but  it  shall  not 
be  lawful  to  appropriate  funds  for  this  purpose,  from  the  general  trea- 
sury of  the  Board. 

Art.  3.  Every  auxiliary  will  be  expected  to  report  annually  a  full 
account  of  all  its  proceedings,  before  the  first  of  May. 


KG 


PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 


REPORT 

OF   THE 

BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 

OP   THE 

PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH 

ON 

PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY,  MAY  1847, 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Introduction  1.  The  common-school  system  grew  up  under  circumstances 

different  from  those  now  existing 3 

2.  The  increasing  tendency  to  abandon  the  State  plan 4 

3.  Religious  schools  remind  us  of  our  good  old  ways 4 

I.  Connexion  between  parochial  schools  and  common  elementary  education.  5 

1.  The  cause  of  education  will  be  advanced  by  the  influence  of  panchial 

schools  on  teachers 5 

2.  By  the  principles  and  stability  of  the  government  of  parochial  schools.  6 

3.  By  the  system  of  instruction 6 

4.  By  the  supervision  of  parochial  schools 7 

5.  By  extending  the  advantages  of  education  to  greater  numbers 8 

II.  Connexion  between  parochial  school?  and  religion 9 

1.  Youth  is  the  forming  season  of  life 9 

2.  The  influence  of  a  day-school  too  great  to  be  lost  to  religion 10 

3.  The  doctrines  of  grace  must  be  taught 11 

4.  Parental  and  pastoral  fidelity  will  be  stimulated 12 

5.  Conversions  to  God  most  numerous  in  the  class  of  youth  religiously 

educated 12 

III.  Connexion  between  parochial  schools  and  ministerial  training 13 

1.  Our  future  ministers  would  be  better  educated  under  the  Church  plan.  14 

2.  The  number  of  ministers  would  be  increased 14 

3.  The  Church  system  a  security  against  failures 15 

4.  And  in  all  respects  more  satisfactory 15 

IV.  Connexion   between   parochial  schools  and   the   prosperity  of  the 

Presbyterian  Church 16 

All  that  has  been  sa-d  proves  this  connexion.. 16 

The  reflex  influence  of  a  good  cause • 16 

Increased  power  for  good  in  the  Church,  where  Christian  education  is 

attended  to 17 

The  instruction  in  our  Church  history,  given  in  parochial  schools,  would 

exert  a  beneficial   influence  over  the  minds  of  our  youth 17 

Our  youth  would  be  more  firmly  attached  to  their  Church,  and  be  less 

often  led  astray 18 

Recommendations  to  the  General  Assembly 19 

1.  Their  sanction  of  a  system  of  Christian  education  by  means  of  pri- 

mary Church  schools  and  Presbyterial  academies 20 

Practical  suggestions  on  a  few  points,  salaries,  teachers,  &c. . .  20 

2.  The  discussion  of  the  subject  in  Presbyteries  and  Synods 25 

3.  The  procuring  of  statistical  information 25 

4.  The  timely  preparation  of  suitable   school  books. 25 

5.  The  granting  of  aid  to  feeble  churches  by  a  school  extension  fund  to 

be  managed  by  the  Board  of  Education 25 

Appendix. — Officers  of  the  Board,  notices,  &c 

Action  of  the  General  Assembly 27 

Action  of  the  Board  of  Education 

Remarks  on  the  Rules 

Circular  to  ministers  and  elders 30 

Circular  to  Presbyteries 31 

Sustain  the  Schuol-eatension  enterprise  ! 32 


REPORT 


OF    THE 


BOARD   0.F   EDUCATIO 


OF    THE 


PRESBYTERIAN    CHURCH 

Ju  the  United  States  of  America 


ON 


PAROCHIAL   SCHOOLS. 


PRESENTED  TO  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY,  MAY  1S47. 


'Train  up  a  child  in  the  way  he  should  go;  and  when  he  is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it  ' 
'  Render  unto  Caesar  the  thing3  that  are  Caesar's,  and  unto  God  the  things  that  are  God's.' 
1  Bring  them  up  in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of  the  Lord." 


PHILADELPHIA: 
PUBLISHED  BY  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

WILLIAM    S.  MARTIEN,   PRINTER. 

1847. 


OFFICERS    OF    THE    BOARD     OF     EDUCATION. 


Alexander  Henry,  President. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,  ") 

John  McDowell,  D.D.        y  Vice-Presidents. 

Thomas  Bradford,  Esq.    J 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.D.,  Corresponding  Secretary. 

Wm.  Chester,  D.D.,  Asso.  Secretary  and  General  Agent. 

W.  M.  Atkinson,  D.D.,  Agent  for  the  South  and  South-West. 

R.  Soutter,  Jr.,  Recording  Secretary. 

Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Treasurer. 

Frederick  V.  Krug,  )    .    ,., 

James  N.  Dickson?  \  4**r* 

The  Board  meet  on  the  first  Thursday  of  every  month,  at  4  o'clock,  P.M. 


EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,  Chairman.  James  N.  Dickson, 

Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.D.  Matthew  Newkirk, 

Alexander  Macklin,  James  Dunlap, 

A.  Tudehope,  Thomas  Bradford,  Esq. 

'    William  Chester,  D.D.  R.  Soutter,  Jr. 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.D.,  ex  off.  Alexander  Symington, 

J.  B.  Mitchell,  ex  off. 

The  Executive  Committee  meet  every  Thursday,  at  3^  o'clock,  P.  M. 


Letters  and  Communications  for  the  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION  on  the 
subject  of  Parochial  Schools,  and  remittances  of  money  by  mail  for  the 
support  of  teachers  in  feeble  schools  and  academies,  may  be  addressed  to  the 
Rev.  C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.,  Corresponding  Secretary,  No.  25  Sansom 
Street,  Philadelphia. 


Addresses  or  Sermons  on  the  subject  of  Education ;  Reports  of  State 
superintendents,  of  committees  or  of  trustees  of  schools,  academies,  and  col- 
leges ;  Catalogues  of  literary,  scientific,  or  theological  institutions;  or  any 
Documents  bearing  on  this  general  subject,  will  be  thankfully  received  at  the 
Education  Rooms  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  No.  25  Sansom  Street,  Phila- 
delphia. A  suitable  acknowledgment  will  be  made,  as  far  as  possible,  of  all 
such  favours. 


EEPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 


The  General  Assembly  of  1S46  referred  the  subject  of  parochial 
schools  to  the  "  Board  of  Education"  by  the  following  resolution  : 

Resolved,  That  the  whole  subject  be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Education;  that  they  may 
from  time  to  time  report  to  the  General  Assembly  any  further  action  which  may  be  needed 
for  extending  through  our  churches  a  system  of  parochial  schools. 

The  object  of  the  Assembly  was  to  secure  the  oversight  of  this 
important  matter,  during  the  interval  of  their  meeting,  in  some  body 
responsible  to  their  authority,  in  order  that  definite  action  might  be 
recommended  to  the  consideration  of  the  succeeding  Assembly.  Be- 
fore proceeding  to  suggest  the  action  which  appears  suited  to  the 
present  position  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  Board  feel  called 
upon  to  attempt  to  illustrate  in  their  first  Report  some  of  the  princi- 
ples involved  in  this  great  and  important  subject. 

Religious  instruction  at  home — which  is  the  basis  of  all  good  train- 
ing— can  never  render  unnecessary  or  unimportant,  religious  instruc- 
tion in  schools.  The  constitution  of  society  demands  some  system 
of  public  education.  It  is  therefore  an  inquiry  of  great  interest 
whether  that  system  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  Church  or  of 
the  State.  The  range  of  discussion  would  be  comparatively  limited, 
on  either  of  two  suppositions.  If  in  the  first  place  there  existed 
between  the  Church  and  the  State  a  cordial  and  harmonious  union, 
unbroken  by  sectarian  divisions,  public  education  mght  be  conducted 
on  religious  principles  without  much  hazard  from  political  interrup- 
tion. Or  if  in  the  second  place  an  education  had  reference  merely  to 
the  intellectual  powers,  the  general  supervision  of  the  work  might  for 
special  reasons  be  surrendered  to  the  Government  without  serious 
disadvantage.  Neither  of  these  suppositions,  however,  can  be  ad- 
mitted as  elements  in  the  solution  of  the  present  problem.  In  our 
country,  the  State  repudiates  with  increasing  jealousy  all  connexion 
with  the  Church;  whilst  the  latter  is  evidently  becoming  more  and 
more  impressed  with  the  necessity  of  acting  upon  the  principle  that 
religious  as  well  as  intellectual  training  is  one  of  the  prim ary  aims 
of  Christian  education. 

The  common  school  system,  which  is  now  so  popular  in  some 
quarters,  grew  up  in  New  England  under  circumstances  very  differ 
ent  from  those  which  now  exist.  It  had  its  origin  at  a  period  when 
there  was  a  strong  affinity  between  the  Church  and  the  State,  and 
when  the  people  were  almost  unanimously  of  one  religious  creed. 
Then  religion  was  extensively  taught  in  those  schools.  The  system 
of  the  Pilgrims  was  essentially  a  parochial  system.     The  Bible  and 


4  REPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 

the  Shorter  Catechism  were  common-school  books;  and  they  are 
still  so  used  in  many  parts  of  New  England,  although  not  generally 
in  the  thorough  manner  of  the  olden  time.  Within  the  last  thirty  or 
forty  years,  however,  the  growth  of  other  churches  and  of  congre- 
gations of  errorists  has  conspired  with  other  causes  to  banish  more 
or  less  extensively  the  essential  doctrines  of  Christianity  from  the 
schools  of  New  England.  The  same  general  history  characterizes 
to  a  considerable  degree  the  public  institutions  of  New  York.  Other 
States  have  more  recently  and  at  different  intervals  organized  a  sys- 
tem of  public  education  on  principles  of  state  policy,  equally  latitu- 
dinarian  and  hostile  to  true  religion.  The  general  tendency  of  things 
in  this  country  is  unquestionably  to  dishonour  the  religious  element 
in  the  system  of  education  under  the  patronage  of  the  State.  This 
sufficiently  accounts  for  the  growing  dissatisfaction  of  Christians,  in 
all  parts  of  the  country,  with  the  whole  plan  of  political  supervision. 
A  general  system  of  education  that  shall  be  a  Christian  system 
appears  to  be  a  State  impracticability. 

The  increasing  abandonment  of  the  State  plan  by  various  sects 
of  Christians  affords  a  proper  occasion  for  the  Presbyterian  Church 
to  re-consider  her  position  in  regard  to  the  work  of  Education.  The 
Papists  with  that  church-worldly  wisdom  which  is  so  pre-eminently 
theirs,  have  adopted  the  plan  of  educating  their  own  children — and 
ours  too,  as  far  as  they  can.  I  Their  institutions  of  learning  have  all 
the  efficiency  of  an  independent  religious  organization.  Papal  col- 
leges, seminaries,  and  Church  schools  of  every  kind  are  in  active 
operation  all  over  the  country  and  especially  at  the  west.  '  If  we 
would  save  the  lambs  of  our  flock  from  the  St.  Mary  Christianity  of 
the  Man  of  Sin,  our  schools  must  engage  our  efforts  and  our  prayers. 
The  Episcopalians,  with  characteristic  zeal,  are  also  establishing  large 
and  small  institutions  on  a  denominational  basis.  Many  of  their 
churches  have  parochial  schools,  while  Presbyterians  scarcely  know 
the  meaning  of  the  word.  The  Methodists,  in  addition  to  several 
denominational  colleges,  have  academies  in  all  their  Conferences,  and 
are  in  this  respect  setting  an  example  of  well-manned,  popular  Church 
institutions.  Whilst  other  denominations  are  more  and  more  de- 
fining their  position  in  favour  of  Christian  education  under  their  own 
supervision,  Presbyterians  are  reminded  of  their  obligations  to  de- 
velope  the  resources  of  their  own  Church  in  this  great  cause. 

Our  denomination,  in  re-modelling  its  school  system  on  the  pro- 
posed basis,  would  be  only  returning  to  the  good  old  ivays  of  its 
former  history.  Presbyterian  schools,  in  other  times,  were  religious 
schools.  Religion  was  much  more  extensively  taught  in  them  than 
it  now  is  even  in  what  are  called  "select  schools."  The  education  of 
the  country  was  once  in  a  great  degree  under  our  own  care;  or  at 
least  we  had  the  care  of  our  own  children.  But  the  encroachments 
of  a  false  liberality  have  so  far  banished  Presbyterian  and  evangeli- 
cal influence,  that  the  education  of  our  children  is  now  mixed  up 
with  the  politics  of  the  State  and  knows  nothing  of  the  religion  of 


REPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS.  5 

the  Church.  It  has  become  so  fashionable  to  be  liberal  that  even 
"  select  schools"  often  dispense  with  evangelical  truth  in  order  to 
please  all  Christian  denominations!  It  is  high  time  for  the  Presby- 
terian Church  to  fall  back  upon  her  glorious  old  landmarks;  and 
what  we  cannot  now  do  for  all,  we  must  endeavour  to  do  for  our- 
selves in  the  matter  of  thorough  Christian  education. 

But  what  is  meant  by  a  parochial  school?  The  term  is  imported 
from  abroad  ;  and  ought  to  have  come  in  duty-free,  instead  of  being 
subjected  to  the  heavy  State  tax  which  now  almost  amounts  to  pro- 
hibition. The  idea  of  a  parochial*  or  primary  Church  school  would 
with  us  embrace  in  general  the  following  particulars: 

1.  A  school  under  the  care  of  the  Session  of  a  Church;  2.  Designed 
for  children, say  from  five  to  ten  or  twelve  years  of  age;  3.  In  which 
the  usual  branches  of  a  sound  elementary  education  are  taught; 
4.  With  the  addition  of  daily  religious  instruction  from  the 
Bible;  5.  Under  the  superintendence  of  a  Christian  teacher.  The 
probability  is  that  most  of  the  teachers  would  be  females,  especially 
in  the  country  schools. 

In  addition  to  these  primary  schools,  others  of  a  higher  order 
might  be  needed  to  supply  the  wants  of  some  congregations.  The 
completion  of  the  system  would  demand  academies  under  the  care 
of  Presbyteries,  and  colleges  under  the  care  of  one  or  more  Synods. 

Having  made  these  preliminary  observations,  the  Board  will  pro- 
ceed to  point  out  the  importance  of  this  system  of  education  in 
various  aspects. 

1.    COMMON  ELEMENTARY  EDUCATION. 

It  is  proposed  in  the  first  place  to  exhibit  the  connexion  between 

PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS  AND  COMMON  ELEMENTARY  EDUCATION. 

1.  The  system  of  Church  schools  would  operate  in  favour  of  sound 
education  by  its  influence  on  teachers.  To  obtain  well-qualified 
teachers  in  sufficient  numbers  is  the  great  difficulty  of  any  system  of 
common-school  instruction.  One  of  the  great  advantages  of  the 
Church  system  is,  that  it  will  dignify  the  calling  and  raise  the  quali- 
fications of  teachers  as  well  as,  in  all  probability,  increase  their  num- 
ber. The  office  of  teacher  has  lost  much  of  its  high  honour  by  hav- 
ing been  divested  of  its  religious  functions  by  State  schools.  The 
elevating  inspirations  of  religion  have  ceased  to  a  large  extent  to 
exert  their  appropriate  power;  and  this  great  vocation — second  only 
to  that  of  pastor  in  the  wide  range  of  usefulness — has  been  left  too 
much  to  the  stimulus  of  merely  worldly  motives.  If  restored  by  the 
command  of  the  Church  to  its  native  elevation  as  a  religious  office, 
there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  our  churches  would  soon  supply 
competent  teachers  for  our  schools.     At  first,  some  difficulty  might 

*  The  term  "  parochial"  has  no  proper  use  in  this  country.  It  occurs  in  the  present 
Report,  simply  because  popular  usage  has  so  far  sanctioned  it  of  late,  as  to  connect  it  with 
the  system  under  discussion. 


6  REPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 

be  experienced,  but  probably  less  than  our  fears.  There  are  pious 
females  in  many  of  our  congregations  who  would  be  willing  to  com- 
mence at  once,  under  the  sanction  of  Church  authority.  An  immense 
amount  of  available  capacity  is  now  lying  dormant  and  undeveloped 
in  Zion.  Our  Church  members,  under  the  influence  of  religious 
motives,  would  undertake  what  otherwise  would  never  enter  their 
thoughts.  There  is  a  principle  of  political  economy  which  has  ap- 
plication in  the  affairs  of  the  Church,  and  that  is  that  the  supply 
will  always  equal  the  demand.  Let  the  Church  by  the  system  of 
education  she  shall  adopt,  create  a  demand  for  religious  teachers, 
and  the  Providence  and  grace  of  God  will  furnish  the  supply. 

Teachers  as  a  class — for  there  are  always  illustrious  exceptions — 
will  never  be  what  they  ought  to  be  in  character  and  influence,  and 
what  they  might  be  in  numbers,  until  Church  education  shall  purify 
the  vocation  with  its  holy  tendencies  and  aims. 

2.  Parochial  schools  will  advance  sound  education  by  the  princi- 
ples and  stability  of  their  government.  A  day-school,  like  a  com- 
munity, cannot  be  effectually  governed  without  the  principles  of  the 
Bible.  The  motives  and  sanctions  of  religion  have  a  healthful  and 
necessary  influence  in  the  government  of  boys  and  schools,  as  well 
as  of  men  and  States.  Parochial  schools,  by  taking  the  word  of  God 
for  their  guide,  would  occupy  pre-eminently  the  vantage  ground 
over  the  more  worldly  discipline  of  State  institutions.  There  is 
moreover  a  tendency  in  the  public  mind  to  errors  on  the  subject  of 
education,  such  as  the  banishment  of  the  rod  as  a  "  barbarity,"  the 
frequent  change  of  teachers  and  books,  and  other  ultraisms  and  evils 
which  Old-school  Presbyterianism  would  effectually  check  within  its 
lawful  and  awful  range.  Without  discussing  this  point  any  further, 
it  is  believed  that  the  cause  of  education  would  be  greatly  advanced 
by  the  better  principles  and  surer  stability  in  the  government  of 
Church  schools. 

3.  The  system  of  instruction  taught  in  parochial  schools  will  pro- 
mote the  cause  of  sound  education.  The  text-books,  as  far  as  mere  in- 
tellectual training  is  concerned,  would  beat  least  as  good  in  all  respects 
as  those  now  in  use.  And  they  would  be  better  in  consequence  of 
the  introduction  of  the  religious  element.  A  great  deal  of  the  mental 
training  of  young  children  can  be  done  by  religious  exercises.  Pro- 
bably our  Board  of  Publication  would  present  another  evidence  of 
its  vast  utility  to  the  Church  by  supplying  some  deficiencies  in  the 
department  of  elementary  school-books.  It  is  certain  that  works  of 
no  iuferior  merit  or  doubtful  character  would  be  admitted  by  our 
Church  judicatories.  In  addition  to  the  use  of  the  best  text  books 
on  every  topic  of  human  learning,  the  Bible,  which  is  "  the  boys' 
and  girls'  own  book"  would  have  a  prominent  place  in  the  daily 
instructions  of  the  school.  Instead  of  being  merely  read  by  the 
teacher  for  a  few  minutes  as  if  to  preserve  the  external  appearance 
of  some  remaining  Christianity,  it  would  be  studied  by  the  scholars. 
Its  verses  would  be  committed  to  memory;  its  history  thoroughly 


REPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS. 

understood;  and  its  great  principles  brought  into  prominent  view. 
The  influence  of  the  study  of  the  Bible  on  the  mind,  as  well  as  on 
the  heart,  can  never  be  too  highly  appreciated.  It  is  a  book  of  the 
most  stirring  thoughts,  and  kindling  revelations,  and  wakeful  memo- 
ries. Creation,  History,  Geography,  Providence,  Biography,  Re- 
demption, Immortality,  embrace  its  wonders  of  fact,  doctrine  and 
duty,  which  children  love  to  read,  and  cannot  read  without  thought, 
and  inquiry.  The  Bible  is  the  very  best  text  book  the  world  affords 
for  the  mental  developments  of  a  daily  school.  A  distinguished 
writer  says:  "  we  shall  dwarf  the  intellect  and  the  conscience  of  our 
children,  if  we  let  uninspired  men  take  hold  upon  their  youthful  ima- 
gination before  patriarchs,  prophets,  apostles,  and  martyrs  have  won 
their  youthful  hearts.  A  better  man  than  Abraham,  even  could 
you  find  one,  would  not  be  so  sublime  to  your  boys  as  the  '  friend 
of  God,'  the  companion  of  angels,  and  the  father  of  Isaac.  A  wiser 
man  than  Daniel,  even  could  you  find  one,  would  be  no  Belteshazzar 
to  your  sons  and  daughters,  unless  he  had  been  in  the  lion's  den  at 
Babylon.  It  is  God's  men  who  make  boys  feel  what  a  man  should 
be."  "  Tell  them  by  all  means  every  thing  worth  knowing  they  can 
bear  to  hear;  but  be  sure  of  this  that  you  can  interest  them  in  no- 
thing so  much  as  I?  *  *  in  the  Bible.  You  can  make  them  talkers 
by  the  little  things  of  simplified  science;  but  you  can  best  make  them 
thinkers  by  the  great  things  of  revelation." 

4.  The  supervision  of  parochial  schools  guarantees  their  promo- 
tion of  the  general  interests  of  education.  The  direction  of  our 
schools  would  be  religious  instead  of  political,  under  the  Church 
instead  of  the  State.  And  this  is  the  true  plan.  Religion  and  Edu- 
cation are  natural  allies.  The  guardians  of  Christianity  are  ex  officio 
the  guardians  of  education.  From  the  time  of  the  Reformation, 
Presbyterian  ministers  have  been  foremost  in  prosecuting  the  great 
work  of  public  instruction.  The  following  is  the  testimony  of  the 
historian,  Bancroft,  now  representing  our  country  abroad:  "We 
boast  of  our  common  schools.  Calvin  was  the  father  of  popular 
education,  the  inventor  of  the  system  of  free  schools."  Calvin  and 
Knox  and  the  other  great  men  of  that  illustrious  day  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  a  public  system  of  religious  education.  To  a  greater  or  less 
extent,  such  a  system  prevailed  in  Switzerland,  Scotland,  France, 
Holland,  and  wherever  the  Reformation  wrought  its  mighty  changes. 
The  earlier  history  of  this  country  also  illustrates  the  natural  de- 
pendence of  education  upon  religion.  The  schools  and  colleges  of 
New  England  are  the  memorials  of  the  Pilgrim  fathers — too  much 
now  alas  !  like  their  very  grave-stones  to  remind  us  of  the  piety  that 
once  was.  Our  own  Presbyterian  institutions  are  indissolubly  con- 
nected with  the  names  of  the  Tennents,  Blair,  Davies,  Finley,  Gra- 
ham, Witherspoon,  and  the  Smiths.  The  ministers,  elders  and  mem- 
bers of  the  Presbyterian  Church  are  the  very  men,  in  the  Providence 
of  God,  to  manage  the  education  of  their  own  children.  Their 
ancient  history  proves  it ;  and  it  is  time  for  them  to  re-introduce  the 


S  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

principles  of  thorough  Christian  education  in  their  own  schools  as 
well  as  in  their  families  and  their  churches. 

5.  The  cause  of  education  would  be  advanced  through  parochial 
schools  by  extending  its  advantages  to  greater  numbers.  In  a 
few  States,  it  is  admitted  that  education  is  well  nigh  universal;  but 
in  the  vast  majority  of  the  States,  where  the  Presbyterian  Church  is 
located,  it  is  comparatively  limited.  There  cannot  be  a  doubt,  we 
think,  that  if  every  Presbyterian  church  had  a  school,  the  number 
of  educated  Presbyterian  children  would  be  vastly  increased.  And 
so  of  every  other  denomination.  The  cause  of  education  is  itself 
popular' in  this  country;  and  if  left  to  the  churches,  the  same  zeal 
which  collects  congregations  in  the  new  settlements  would  plant  the 
school-house  by  the  side  of  the  meeting-house.  In  the  present  pos- 
ture of  affairs,  the  Church  has  almost  lost  her  knowledge  of  the  art, 
as  well  as  of  the  duty,  of  education.  She  has  been  so  little  used  to 
this  service  of  late,  that,  like  the  warrior  whose  rusty  sword  clings 
to  the  scabbard,  she  can  scarcely  equip  herself  befittingly  in  her 
ancient  and  terrible  armour. 

The  education  that  already  exists  in  this  country  is  in  fact  in- 
debted, with  few  exceptions,  to  the  religious  principle  of  the  com- 
munity more  than  to  any  other  cause.  Yet  this  principle  is  checked 
and  restrained  and  circumvented  in  every  possible  way  by  the  gene- 
rality of  State  institutions.  Now  we  maintain  that  if  the  religious 
principle  had  free  scope  on  the  subject  of  education,  had  the  re- 
sponsibility of  training  the  mind  as  well  as  the  heart,  it  would  adapt 
its  resources  to  this  great  work  with  a  zeal  and  power  that  would 
advance  simultaneously  religion  and  education. 

In  addition  to  the  increased  number  of  scholars  in  parochial  or 
primary  schools,  there  would  be  an  increased  number  in  academies 
and  colleges,  to  which  institutions  many  talented,  and  promising 
youth  are  now  not  encouraged  to  aspire,  simply  because  the  Church 
knows  little  and  cares  little  for  her  children.  On  the  proposed  plan, 
ail  the  youth  would  be  brought  into  close  contact  with  the  officers 
of  the  Church.  Our  ministers  and  elders  would  see  that  promising 
young  men  were  sent  up  to  Presbyterial  academies  and  to  colleges, 
to  unfold  their  mental  worth  for  the  use  of  the  Church  and  of  the 
State.  The  want  of  means  to  obtain  a  higher  education  would  be 
no  impediment;  for  they  would  be  gratuitously  and  gratefully  fur- 
nished. If  the  Presbyterian  Church  had  a  complete  system  of 
Christian  education  consisting  of  schools,  academies,  and  colleges, 
under  the  care  of  Sessions,  Presbyteries,  and  Synods,  it  is  believed 
that  more  of  her  youth  would  be  educated,  that  they  would  be  more 
thoroughly  educated,  and  educated  on  a  higher  scale,  than  on  the 
present  plan  of  State  dependency. 

The  Board  have  been  the  more  particular  in  illustrating  the 
influence  of  parochial  schools  on  sound  intellectual  education,  on 
account  of  the  misapprehension  sometimes  entertained  in  regard  to 
the  true  aim  of  the  parochial  system.    Whilst  the  State  plan  educates 


REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 


the  mind  without  educating  the  heart,  the  plan  under  consideration, 
does  not  fall  into  the  opposite  extreme,  but  aims  at  educating  the 
mind  and  the  heart,  the  soul  with  all  its  powers. 


II.     RELIGIOUS  EDUCATION. 

Let  us  now  turn  to  consider  the  connexion  between  the  paro- 
chial SCHOOL    SYSTEM    AND    THE    CAUSE   OP    RELIGION.       This    is    the 

point  of  special  interest  to  those  who  believe  that  "man's  chief  end 
is  to  glorify  God  and  to  enjoy  him  forever." 

1.  The  influence  of  parochial  schools  on  the  piety  of  the  Church 
must  be  great;  for  youth  is  the  forming  season  of  life.  "The  child 
is  father  of  the  man."  An  eminent  writer  on  education  has  affirmed 
that  the  first  five  years  of  a  child  have  more  to  do  in  moulding  his 
character  than  any  other  equal  number  of  years.  Whether  this  be 
true  or  not,  the  second  and  the  third  five  years  may  be  very  hope- 
fully employed  in  training  him  aright.  The  first  five  years  being 
the  March,  the  second  and  third  five  are  the  April  and  May  of  our 
Spring.  It  is  the  season  of  hope  and  promise,  all  of  whose  opportu- 
nities should  be  devoted  to  the  high  purposes  of  life  and  immortality. 
That  children  can  learn  a  great  deal  even  at  a  very  early  period,  is 
seen  in  the  facility  with  which  they  acquire  the  knowledge  of  lan- 
guage— an  achievement  which  almost  defies  the  best  efforts  of  adult 
foreigners  during  a  life-time.  The  difficulty,  not  to  say  impossibility, 
of  making  up  for  the  neglect  of  original  opportunities  demonstrates 
the  necessity  of  an  early,  in  order  to  secure  a  thorough,  education. 
A  boy  who  has  not  been  taught  in  early  years  to  spell  or  to  write 
well,  will  hardly  ever  recover  from  the  disadvantages  of  youthful 
inattention.  So  it  is  in  every  thing,  especially  in  religion.  A  ne- 
glect on  this  subject  in  youth  is  irreparable  loss.  It  throws  a  gloom 
of  terror  into  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death.  The  remark  of  Dr. 
Rush  is  a  true  one:  "Mothers  and  schoolmasters  plant  the  seed  of 
nearly  all  the  good  and  evil  that  exists  in  the  world."  The  youth- 
ful mind  is  in  the  highest  degree  susceptible.  Character  grows  day 
by  day.  All  things,  even  the  most  trivial,  assist  in  unfolding  it. 
Youth  is  emphatically  the  time  to  store  the  mind  with  divine  truth, 
to  train  the  conscience  carefully  under  the  direction  of  revelation, 
and  to  bring  all  the  resources  of  religion  to  bear  upon  the  destiny  of 
the  young  immortal.  The  value  of  early  religious  impressions  may 
be  strikingly  illustrated  by  the  memory.  The  three  facts  connected 
with  the  memory  that  serve  our  purpose,  are  that  it  is  one  of  the 
active  faculties  of  childhood,  that  the  knowledge  it  treasures  up  goes 
far  to  form  the  character,  and  that  we  remember  longest  what  we 
learned  in  early  life.  It  is  obviously  then  of  vital  importance  to  fill 
the  memory  at  this  accessible  period  with  the  things  of  religion,  in 
order  that  the  thoughts  of  a  child  may  be  his  friends  and  counsellors 
in  the  formation  of  character:  and  that  his  future  life,  even  down  to 


10  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

old  age,  may  be  refreshed  by  the  familiar  truth  which  memory 
brings  up  from  childhood,  as  the  natural  homage  which  childhood 
loves  to  pay  to  age. 

The  great  aim  of  an  education  in  early  years  should  be  instruction 
in  religion.  The  teachable  disposition  of  children,  their  curiosity 
about  the  things  of  the  invisible  world,  their  freedom  from  habits  of 
prejudice,  the  ease  with  which  they  may  be  commonly  made  to 
attend  to  religious  subjects,  may  be  turned  to  infinite  advantage  in  a 
course  of  education.  There  is  in  children  what  Bacon  calls  "the 
sparkle  of  the  purity  of  man's  first  estate,"  which  can  be  hopefully 
retained  only  during  their  very  earliest  years.  Our  nature,  though 
corrupt,  is  the  least  corrupt  in  childhood.  Then  is  offered  the  best 
opportunity  of  training  immortals  for  glory — before  depraved  appe- 
tites have  been  cherished,  and  worldly  temptations  indulged,  and 
bad  habits  formed.  The  neglect  of  religious  instruction  in  our 
schools  is  doing  more  to  nurture  infidelity  and  immorality  than  ever 
was  in  the  power  of  Voltaire  and  Paine.  Human  nature  is  so  con- 
stituted of  God  that  its  destiny  for  eternity  greatly  depends  on  early 
training.  No  Church  therefore  can  be  doing  her  duty  to  the  rising 
generation  that  neglects  their  religious  education  at  the  very  period 
that  usually  controls  their  immortality.  Alas,  how  many  children 
are  common-schooled  out  of  heaven! 

2.  The  influence  of  a  day-school  is  very  great — too  great  to  be 
lost  to  religious  education.  The  school  hours  are  the  most  active 
hours  of  the  day  for  improvement.  Our  too  general  and  sinful  prac- 
tice has  been  to  separate  the  mind  from  the  heart  and  conscience ; 
or  rather  to  attempt  to  cultivate  the  intellectual  whilst  the  moral 
powers  are  left  to  take  care  of  themselves  under  the  active  care  of 
Satan.  This  exclusive  attention  to  the  head,  if  it  make  good  scholars, 
will  not  make  good  Christians;  and  in  the  long  run  scholarship 
itself  is  injured  by  losing  the  beneficial  influences  of  religion.  Reli- 
gious instruction  sustains  to  a  school  something  of  the  relation  of  the 
Sabbath  to  the  rest  of  the  week;  sanctifying,  elevating  and  doubly 
blessing  all  duties  in  consequence  of  the  homage  rendered  to  this 
special  divine  requirement.  The  education  of  the  intellect  at  the 
expense  of  the  heart  is  an  immorality;  it  is  a  perversion  of  the  laws 
of  nature  as  well  as  of  the  commands  of  revelation.  It  would  be 
considered  monstrous  to  undertake  to  cultivate  the  sense  of  hearing 
by  shutting  up  a  child  in  a  dark  room,  and  thereby  injuring  his  sense 
of  sight.  The  child  has  a  right  to  the  development  of  all  his  senses. 
He  has  a  higher  right  to  the  development  of  all  the  faculties  of  his 
soul,  moral  and  intellectual.  The  Chinese  custom  of  bandaging  the 
feet  is  not  a  more  effectual  encroachment  on  the  perfection  of  the 
phvsical  system  than  our  political  custom  of  dwarfing  the  heart  is  a 
dishonour  to  the  moral  system.  Even  if  our  children  were  young 
angels,  they  ought  to  be  daily  taught  the  truth  of  heaven.  Since 
they  are  sinners  they  need  it  more.  A  child  should  never  remember 
the  day  "  when  good  things  were  strangers  to  his  thoughts." 


KEPORT  ON  PAROCHIAL  SCHOOLS.  11 

The  idea  that  Sabbath  schools  supply  the  place  of  daily  religious 
instruction  is  no  more  true  than  that  going  to  church  and  being 
devout  on  the  Sabbath  is  enough  religion  for  all  the  week.  Sabbath 
schools  do  indeed  assist  in  supplying  the  unchristian  defects  of  our 
week-day  schools:  but  their  agency  is  the  less  effectual  on  account 
of  the  neglected  education  of  the  other  six  days.  The  Sabbath  was 
never  intended  to  supercede  religious  instruction  day  by  day.  The 
Lord's  day  is  the  perfection  of  the  system  of  which  the  other  six  days 
form  a  part.  It  was  intended  to  give  efficacy  and  impulse  to  the 
religious  training  of  the  week,  by  rallying  around  the  six  days  the 
sanctifying  power  of  a  seventh  devoted  wholly  to  God.  The  design 
of  the  Sabbath  is  misconceived  by  the  attempt  to  overburden  it  with 
the  religious  responsibilities  of  the  entire  week. 

The  same  remarks  apply  in  a  measure  to  religious  instruction  at 
home.  This  is  unquestionably  the  most  important  and  hallowed  of 
all  human  instrumentalities.  Yet  it  does  not  dispense  with  other 
agencies.  On  the  contrary  it  invites  them.  No  children  are  belter 
prepared  to  profit  by  a  religious  education  at  school  than  those  who 
are  well  instructed  at  home.  But  there  are  multitudes  of  children, 
who  receive  little  or  no  religious  instruction  at  home,  and  still 
greater  numbers  who  are  surrounded  only  by  evil  influences. 
How  important,  then,  for  the  Church  to  provide  for  the  daily  teach- 
ing of  all  her  children  in  the  things  which  belong  to  their  peace ! 
The  thorough,  old  method,  "precept  upon  precept,  precept  upon  pre- 
cept; line  upon  line,  line  upon  line;  here  a  little  and  there  a  little," 
is  a  fundamental  principle  in  the  parochial  school  system. 

3.  The  doctrines  of  grace,  which  are  the  peculiarities  of  revela- 
tion and  the  true  groundwork  of  sound  religious  education,  cannot 
be  taught  through  the  medium  of  State  exposition  and  secular 
agency.  The  clamorous  demands  of  political  and  infidel  agitation 
exclude  these  doctrines  from  our  public  schools.  They  cannot  be 
named  in  the  generality  of  State  institutions;  or  if  named,  it  is  by  a 
bare  toleration  which  may  be  converted  at  any  time  into  downright 
prohibition.  We  maintain  that  if  our  children  ought  to  be  instructed 
in  religion  at  all,  they  ought  to  be  instructed  in  the  fundamental 
truths  of  revealed  religion — the  doctrines  which  the  Holy  Spirit  has 
used  in  all  ages  in  the  conversion  and  sanctification  of  the  soul, 
and  in  "bringing  the  redeemed  of  the  Lord  to  Zion  with  songs  and 
everlasting  joy."  A  diluted,  historical  religion,  or  an  indefinite  State 
religion  is  not  the  religion  of  Christ.  God's  method  is  to  employ 
evangelical  doctrine  in  leading  sinners  to  the  cross  and  to  heaven. 
However  much  the  world  may  depreciate  doctrine,  Presbyterians 
have  always  considered  it  necessary  to  the  life  of  Christianity.  At 
the  baptism  of  our  children,  the  minister  publicly  announces  that 
there  is  "  an  excellent  summary  of  the  principles  of  our  holy  religion 
in  the  Confession  of  Faith  of  this  Church,  and  in  the  Larger  and 
Shorter  Catechisms  of  the  Westminster  Assembly."  These  "prin- 
ciples of  our  holy  religion" — the  principles  of  the  Bible,  of  the  Re- 


12  REPORT    ON   PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

formation,  and  of  the  Presbyterian  Church — are  the  principles  with 
which  our  children  should  become  familiar  in  early  life.  This  is  the 
very  aim  of  the  parochial  system.  The  exclusion,  by  the  "  index 
expurgatorius"  of  the  State,  of  these  principles  from  the  public 
schools  makes  it  necessary  for  the  Church  to  organize  schools  of  her 
own,  where  religion  can  be  early  taught  under  her  own  authority. 
Whilst  we  "render  unto  Ceesar  the  things  that  are  Csesar's,"  we 
must  "render  unto  God  the  things  that  are  God's."  Religious  instruc- 
tion had  better  be  any  one  thing  that  is  good  than  every  thing  and 
nothing.  Where  religion  is  taught  in  a  by-way,  it  is  very  apt  to 
become  a  by-word.  In  arranging  our  system  of  education,  which 
we  are  compelled  to  do  in  self-defence,  Presbyterians  will  not  rest 
satisfied  with  any  teaching  short  of  "the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus." 
The  religion  of  their  fathers  must  be  taught  to  their  children. 

4.  The  influence  of  parochial  schools  on  parental  and  pastoral 
fidelity  will  be  a  great  advantage  to  the  religious  interests  of  the 
rising  generation.  Our  children  have  been  too  much  neglected,  not 
only  in  our  schools,  but  at  our  firesides  and  in  our  sanctuaries.  Any 
movement  of  the  Church  on  their  behalf  will  necessarily  act  with 
power  upon  all  the  other  sources  of  influence.  Parents  will  be  stimu- 
lated to  take  a  new  interest  in  the  Christian  education  of  their  chil- 
dren by  means  of  a  school  system  that  forms  a  part  of  the  plansof 
their  Church.  Pastors  will  in  like  manner  be  induced  to  renew  their 
activity  in  this  great  cause,  so  closely  connected  with  the  success  of 
their  labours.  Our  Church  will,  in  all  probability,  be  more  effectu- 
ally aroused  on  the  subject  of  Christian  education  than  at  any  pre- 
vious period  of  our  history.  Parental  and  pastoral  supervision  will 
readily  co-operate  by  sympathy  and  by  principle  with  the  public 
efforts  of  the  Church  to  bless  the  rising  generation. 

5.  It  is  evident  that  children,  trained  up  for  God  at  school  as  well 
as  at  home,  and  on  the  week-day  as  well  as  the  Sabbath,  will  pos- 
sess those  attainments  in  religious  knowledge  which  place  them  in 
a  favourable  position,  by  God 's  grace,  for  the  salvation  of  the  soul. 
Such  youth  will  in  the  ordinary  course  of  Providence  grow  up  to 
respect  the  Sabbath,  to  engage  in  private  devotion,  to  read  their 
Bibles,  and  to  appreciate  the  instructions  of  the  sanctuary.  In  a 
word,  they  will  have  been  trained  up  "in  the  way  they  should  go;" 
and  the  promise  of  a  blessing  belongs  to  their  parents  and  to  them. 
The  history  of  the  Church  proves  that  those  whose  characters  have 
been  formed  most  nearly  on  this  model,  constitute  the  vast  majority 
of  the  hopefully  pious.  God's  ways  confirm  his  word.  Even  if  the 
early  life  of  persons  thus  instructed  pass  away  without  vital  religion, 
for  them  there  is  still  hope.  Like  the  girdled  forest  whose  withering 
pines  have  been  succeeded  by  a  marvellous  undergrowth  of  the  majes- 
tic oak,  so  a  period  of  most  unpromising  youth  is  often  followed  on 
the  soil  of  gospel  instruction  by  a  manhood  and  old  age  of  devoted 
piety,  beneath  whose  shades  children  and  children's  children  repose 
with  delight.     Dr.  Witherspoon  remarks  as  follows  : 


REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  13 

"  The  instances  of  conversion  in  advanced  life  are  very  rare:  and 
when  it  seems  to  happen,  it  is  perhaps  most  commonly  the  resurrec- 
tion of  those  seeds  which  were  sown  in  infancy  but  had  been  long 
stifled  by  the  violence  of  youthful  passions  or  the  pursuits  of  ambi- 
tion and  the  hurry  of  an  active  life.  I  have  known  several  instances 
of  the  instructions,  long  neglected,  of  deceased  parents  at  last  rising 
up,  asserting  their  authority,  and  producing  the  deepest  penitence 
and  real  reformation.  But  my  experience  furnishes  me  with  no 
example  of  one  brought  up  in  ignorance  and  security,  after  a  long 
course  of  profaneness,  turning  at  the  close  of  life  to  the  service  of  the 
living  God."     (Vol.  II.  p.  255.) 

One  reason  unquestionably  why  so  few  conversions  occur  among 
children  and  youth  is,  that  their  daily  religious  instruction  is  so  much 
neglected.  There  would  be  more  Nathan  Dickermans  and  Mary 
Lothrops,  more  babes  and  sucklings  in  Christ  to  perfect  His  praise, 
if  there  were  more  religious  training  to  lead  the  soul  heavenward.  A 
school  system  that  carefully  taught  religion  day  by  day,  and  antici- 
pated, as  far  as  human  means  can,  the  developments  of  human 
depravity,  has  the  hope  of  receiving  the  favour  of  God.  It  is  a  plan 
so  accordant  with  the  sympathies  of  Jesus,  his  interest  in  little  chil- 
dren, and  the  general  tenor  of  his  life  and  word,  that  it  would  be 
accompanied,  we  verily  believe,  by  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Let  the  two  systems  of  Church  and  of  State  education  be  left  to  the 
decision  of  divine  Providence,  be  laid  up  together  before  the  ark  of 
the  testimony,  and  we  should  soon  find  the  buds,  blossoms  and 
almonds  honouring  the  appointed  instrumentality  of  Zion.  We 
should  see  piety  illustrated  in  all  ages,  budding,  blossoming  and 
bearing  fruit  in  the  courts  of  the  Lord;  and  Faith  could  point  to 
many  of  our  children  and  youth,  exclaiming  with  the  most  enlarged 
meaning,  "of  such  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven!" 

III.     MINISTERIAL  TRAINING. 

The  connexion  between  parochial  schools  and  ministerial 
education  is  a  subject  of  very  great  interest  and  importance. 

It  is  a  fact  deserving  of  special  attention  that  the  institutions 
founded  in  the  early  period  of  our  history  had  a  direct  reference  to 
education  for  the  ministry.  The  "  Log  College"  of  Tennent,  the 
academies  at  New  London  and  Fagg's  Manor,  and  Princeton  Col- 
lege, which  were  among  our  most  ancient  seminaries  of  learning, 
were  established  with  a  primary  view  to  this  object.  With  the 
exception  of  a  few  Presbyterian  colleges  of  more  recent  origin,  our 
institutions  of  learning  seem  to  have  now  lost  sight  of  this  great  aim. 
Whilst  our  Church  has  wisely  fostered  theological  seminaries  as 
auxiliaries  in  securing  a  thorough  ministerial  training,  she  has  almost 
entirely  overlooked  the  character  of  the  preparatory  schools,  acade- 
mies, and  colleges.  Instead  of  beginning  at  the  foundation  and 
going  up  with  care,  our  chief  attention  has  been  directed  to  the  finish 


14  REPORT    ON   PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

of  the  superstructure.  Or  to  use  a  figure  of  frequent  application,  we 
have  completed  the  upper  part  of  our  ecclesiastical  edifice  and  left 
the  basement  and  the  school  room  untouched. 

1.  The  children  of  the  Church,  who  are  by  God's  grace  to  be  her 
future  ministers,  will  receive  a  better  religions  and  intellectual 
framing  in  parochial  schools  than  they  now  receive.  It  would  be 
well  for  the  Church  if  she  could  say  of  all  her  ministers  "  from  a 
child  thou  hast  known  the  Scriptures."  But  all  mothers  are  not 
like  Hannah  and  Eunice,  nor  are  all  grand-mothers  like  Lois.  The 
Church  cannot  trust  her  children  exclusively  to  parental  fidelity,  nor 
would  it  be  her  duty  to  do  so,  even  if  that  fidelity  could  be  relied 
upon.  The  children  of  the  Church  should  be  well  educated  and 
religiously  educated  at  school,  whatever  may  be  their  training  at 
home.  Facts  demonstrate  that  the  early  education  of  our  candidates 
is  very  much  neglected.  Many  of  them  are  obliged  to  go  to  acade- 
mies at  the  age  of  twenty  years  and  upwards,  to  learn  the  rudiments 
of  knowledge.  Not  only  is  much  precious  time  thus  lost,  but  time 
so  precious  that  nothing  can  supply  its  loss.  Even  those  ministers 
who  have  received  a  continuous  education  from  their  youth  up,  in 
existing  institutions,  might  have  been  trained  in  Church  institutions 
to  far  more  substantial  attainments  both  in  the  religious  and  intel- 
lectual qualifications  of  their  profession.  There  cannot  be  a  doubt 
that  our  whole  system  of  ministerial  education  depends  upon  pa- 
rochial schools  as  its  natural,  essential  and  well-ordered  basis. 

2.  This  will  further  appear  when  we  consider  that  the  parochial 
system  will,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  give  the  Church  a  wider  range 
from  which  to  expect  ministerial  supplies.  She  will  not  only  have 
better  ministers  by  God's  grace,  but  more  of  them.  In  proportion  as 
Christian  education  exerts  an  influence  on  the  minds  and  hearts  of 
the  youth  of  the  Church,  are  the  probabilities  increased  of  their  turn- 
ing their  attention  to  the  ministry.  There  is  no  irreverence  in  such 
an  anticipation.  God  employs  means  in  the  advancement  of  his 
kingdom.  As  the  multiplication  of  churches  secures  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  Providence  an  increase  of  communicants,  so  a  larger  class 
of  youth  religiously  educated  in  Church  schools  will  be  likely  to  fur- 
nish an  increased  supply  for  the  sanctuary.  The  increase  of  edu- 
cated youth  would,  from  the  nature  of  the  case,  be  chiefly  from  among 
the  poor;  and  this  is  the  class  from  which  God  selects  most  frequently 
the  ministers  of  his  word.  Poverty  has  deprived  many  a  man  of  his 
education,  and  thereby  compelled  him  to  work  on  a  farm,  or  to  be  a 
mechanic,  or  to  engage  in  some  other  honourable  though  subordinate 
employment,  whose  noble  mind  might  have  been  expanded  and  pre- 
pared to  preach  Christ  crucified  in  demonstration  of  the  Spirit  and 
with  power.  Many  a  "  village  Hampden"  might  have  been  trained 
to  contend  valiantly  against  the  royal  foe  of  the  human  race;  many 
a  gem  might  have  been  plucked  from  the  now  unfathomed  caves  of 
poverty  and  care  to  deck  with  sanctuary  lustre  the  diadem  of  Jesus. 

The  following,  statements  in  reference  to  the  supplies  for  the  min- 


REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  15 

istry,  occur  in  a  report  of  a  committee  of  the  Synod  of  Kentucky: 
"  In  consequence  of  the  Church  neglecting  the  baptized  youth,  the 
ministry  was  ill  supplied,  while  other  professions  were  crowded. 
From  1620  to  1720,  a  period  when  the  Church  paid  attention  to  her 
youth,  more  than  half  of  all  the  graduates  of  American  colleges 
entered  the  ministry;  from  1720  to  1770  one-third;  from  1770  to 
1800  one-fifth;  from  1800  to  1810  one-sixth,  and  for  several  years 
in  the  Western  country  it  might  be  safely  said  not  one-twentieth. 
The  irreligious  had  so  managed  and  taken  advantage  of  the  remiss- 
ness of  the  Church,  as  to  get  into  their  hands  both  colleges  and  ele- 
mentary schools."* 

The  history  of  Princeton  College  corroborates  the  above  testimony. 
The  number  of  graduates  at  this  institution  who  entered  the  ministry 

from  1748  to  176S  was  about  i 

"    1768  to  1788         "  h 

«     178S  to  1808         "  | 

"     1808  to  1828          "  i 

«    1828  to  1841         "  * 

If  the  Church  had  no  other  object  in  view  than  simply  the  increase 
of  the  ministry,  she  would  be  more  than  justified  in  amending  and 
extending  her  system  of  education. 

3.  It  is  obvious  that  education  under  Church  supervision  would 
greatly  promote  the  cause  of  ministerial  training  as  a  safe-guard 
against  failures.  The  qualifications  of  candidates  trained  up  from 
early  youth  under  the  watchful  care  of  the  Church  would  be  well 
known  in  all  our  congregations  and  Presbyteries.  From  the  nature 
of  the  case,  there  would  be  fewer  risks  encountered.  Character 
would  be  formed  on  a  superior  model;  piety  would  have  a  more 
intelligent  basis;  the  nature  of  a  call  to  the  ministry  would  be  better 
understood;  and  the  general  qualifications  of  candidates  would  be 
better  known,  as  well  as  of  a  better  order.  Almost  all  the  failures 
connected  with  the  Board  of  Education  have  been  from  the  class 
whose  early  education  was  neglected.  The  most  hopeful  candi- 
dates of  the  Church  are  those  who  have  drank  in  the  "sincere  milk 
of  the  word"  with  their  nursery  rhymes  and  their  mother's  prayers, 
and  who  have  been  regularly  trained  in  Sabbath  and  other  schools. 
It  must  not  be  supposed,  however,  that  under  the  best  possible 
system  of  Church  education,  we  shall  be  free  from  failures  among 
our  candidates.  But  we  may  labour  by  prayer  and  by  effort  of 
every  kind  to  diminish  the  number;  and  it  is  believed  that  no 
improvement  upon  our  existing  system  would  be  found  so  radical 
and  effectual  as  the  education  of  our  future  ministers  under  the 
care  of  the  Church,  from  the  school  to  the  theological  seminary. 

4.  It  is  obvious  that  this  system  would  be  more  satisfactory  to 
the  Church,  as  a  means  of  perfecting  the  education  of  her  future 

*  Dr.  Davidson's  History  of  Kentucky,  p.  309. 


16  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

ministers.  The  objections  to  the  Board  of  Education  would  to  a 
very  great  extent  be  removed  by  a  system  of  Church  institutions. 
Candidates  would  then  never  be  required  to  pledge  themselves  to 
enter  the  ministry  until  they  had  arrived  after  all  the  discipline  of  a 
full  preparatory  course  at  the  threshold  of  the  theological  seminary. 
If  our  Church  were  prepared  to  take  the  position  at  once  that  she 
would  educate  all  the  children  and  youth  in  her  congregations  with- 
out reference  to  profession,  it  would  be  the  grandest  movement  of  her 
history  and  of  the  age.  This  position  she  must  ultimately  reach 
under  the  system  of  ecclesiastical  education.  It  is  a  position  of  glory 
as  well  as  of  power.  Then  would  our  indigent  youth  enjoy  from 
the  beginning  all  the  advantages  of  an  intellectual  and  moral  training 
under  the  best  influences;  and  when  they  felt  called  by  the  Spirit  of 
Christ  to  follow  him  in  the  regeneration  of  the  world  by  preaching 
his  gospel,  they  would  still  receive  aid  and  enter  the  theological  semi- 
nary with  all  that  maturity  arid  stability  of  mental  and  religious 
character  which  forbode  a  happy  issue.  In  the  mean  time  the  Church 
must  do  the  best  she  can  with  the  measures  now  in  operation.  She 
needs  ministers  too  much  to  dispense  with  her  present  plans  because 
not  as  perfect  as  they  might  be.  Our  existing  measures  of  ministerial 
education  have  been  wonderfully  successful — so  much  so  as  to  indi- 
cate what  greater  blessings  the  Church  might  expect  to  receive  both 
in  the  character  and  number  of  her  candidates,  if  she  commenced 
with  parochial  schools  and  then  followed  up  the  work  of  education 
in  Presbyterial  academies  and  afterwards  in  Synodical  colleges; — all 
parts  of  a  regular  system  strictly  ecclesiastical,  which  terminates,  for 
those  who  are  called  by  the  Spirit,  in  theological  seminaries. 

IV.    PROSPERITY  OF  THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

The  connexion  between  parochial  schools  and  the  pros- 
perity of  the  Presbyterian  church  is  a  topic  deserving  considera- 
tion in  analyzing  the  probable  advantages  and  results  of  the  proposed 
system  of  education.  If  parochial  schools,  as  we  have  attempted  to 
show,  would  promote  sound  education,  practical  piety,  and  the  inte- 
rests of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  the  cause  of  Presbyterianism 
must  be  onward.  It  lives  and  thrives  by  the  power  of  truth,  holi- 
ness, and  ministerial  fidelity.  All  that  has  been  said  in  favour  of  the 
contemplated  plan  of  education  is  a  plea  for  the  general  prosperity  of 
the  Church. 

Our  denomination  has,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  done  a  good 
work  in  the  regeneration  of  the  world;  but  our  resources  of  use- 
fulness have  yet  to  be  developed  in  their  capacious  reality.  Early 
religious  education  would  be  to  Zion  like  the  endowment  of  a  new 
power.  Strength  accrues  to  a  church  by  the  very  act  of  putting 
forth  new  efforts  in  a  good  cause.  The  influences  of  enterprise, 
perseverance,  and  proper  self-reliance,  so  favourable  to  the  forma- 
tion of  personal  character,  are  equally  strong  in  moulding  the  general 


REPORT    OX    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  17 

character  of  a  Church.  A  Church  awake  to  the  interests  of  the  rising 
generation,  will  show  a  very  different  front  in  the  army  of  God's 
elect  from  one  that  has  never  been  disciplined  in  this  elementary  ser- 
vice. The  incidental  benefits  of  well  directed  Christian  activity  may 
be  seen  in  the  quickening  power  of  the  foreign  missionary  scheme. 
How  many  energies  otherwise  dormant  have  been  aroused  into 
vigorous  religious  action!  How  much  sympathy,  how  much  prayer, 
how  much  self-denial,  how  much  effort  of  every  kind  has  been  put 
forth  for  the  salvation  of  the  heathen — all  returning  in  Heaven's 
appointed  circle  of  benevolence  to  bless  the  Church  with  a  reflex  in- 
fluence precious  and  all-pervading!  Every  new  enterprise,  like  the 
Board  of  Publication  for  example,  that  works  wisely  for  God,  calls 
forth  energies  hitherto  undeveloped  in  their  true  proportion.  On  the 
principle,  then,  that  every  new  element  of  prosperity  exerts  a  leaven- 
ing power  on  the  aggregate  instrumentalities  of  the  Church,  we  have 
every  reason  to  anticipate  the  most  extensive  benefits,  direct  and  col- 
lateral, from  a  revival  throughout  our  bounds  of  a  religious  interest 
in  the  education  of  children.  This  interest  is  both  of  a  household 
and  a  public  nature.  It  is  identified  with  the  gates  of  Zion  as  well  as 
with  the  dwellings  of  Jacob.  It  is  part  of  a  grand  moral  movement 
that  would  purify  and  invigorate  all  the  private,  social,  and  public 
relations  of  Christianity. 

Parochial  schools  would  have  a  tendency  to  cement  the  bonds  of 
union  between  the  members  of  the  same  congregation  and  to  bring 
up  the  children  on  terms  of  social  familiarity  and  sympathy.  The 
teachers  of  our  week-day  schools  would  be  superintendents  or  teach- 
ers in  our  Sabbath  schools,  throwing  a  great  accession  of  influence 
into  the  department  of  Sabbath  instruction.  The  power  of  the  min- 
istry would  be  increased  beyond  computation  by  a  large  band  of 
faithful  Christian  teachers  who  co-operated  day  by  day  throughout 
the  year  in  familiarizing  the  minds  of  our  youth  with  the  doctrines 
and  duties  of  the  Bible.  A  Church  of  such  aims  and  resources  would, 
with  the  blessing  of  God,  have  "  the  work  of  her  hands  established" 
in  the  raising  up  of  an  intelligent,  sober-minded,  conscientious,  use- 
ful generation  of  Christians. 

One  of  the  important  results  to  the  Church  from  parochial  educa- 
tion, would  be  the  better  instruction  of  our  youth  in  the  history  of 
the  Church.  Our  doctrines,  imperfectly  as  they  have  been  taught, 
are  better  known  than  our  history.  Yet  no  Church  has  an  ancestry 
and  an  earthly  inheritance  more  illustrious  and  soul-inspiring  than 
ourown.  Our  children  should  be  well  taught  the  history  of  her  true  and 
glorious  succession,  her  agency  in  the  Reformation,  her  trials  and. 
persecutions,  her  spirit  of  martyr  endurance,  her  love  of  liberty,  her 
exaltation  of  the  Bible  as  the  great  text-book  of  Protestantism  and. 
especially  of  Presbyterianism.  How  full  of  interest  is  the  history  of 
our  Church  in  Scotland,  England,  France,  Switzerland  and  other 
lands!  How  many  noble  lessons  of  true  Christian  devotion,  of 
earnest  effort  to  advance  the  kingdom  of  Christ,  distinguish  the 


18  REPORT    ON   PAROCHIAL   SCHOOLS. 

annals  of  the  Huguenots,  the  Covenanters,  the  Puritans,  the  Cal- 
vinists  of  every  clime  and  nation  and  age!  Our  Church  with  all 
her  faults  has  a  great  advantage  in  being  adapted  to  conciliate 
not  only  Christian  hearts  by  her  doctrines,  but  American  hearts  by 
her  history.  Evangelical  truth  and  civil  liberty  have  been  to  an 
honourable  degree  our  characteristics.  Such  lessons  might  be  made 
to  tell  with  power  upon  the  rising  generation.  The  combined  influ- 
ence of  our  Bible  truth  and  of  our  Providential  history,  has  yet  to 
be  fairly  tried  upon  our  children  as  the  means  of  exciting  their  souls 
to  love  their  God  and  their  Church.  If  it  be  true  that  men  raised 
among  the  mountains  imbibe  the  spirit  of  freedom  from  their  very 
birth,  it  is  no  less  true  that  Presbyterians  trained  amidst  the  moral 
grandeur  of  their  sublime  history,  would  "stand  fast  in  the  liberty 
wherewith  Christ  hath  made  them  free." 

Our  Church  should  endeavour  to  "gird  on  the  harness"  for 
the  approaching  contest  with  Antichrist.  Every  element  that  can 
assist  in  elevating  the  Christian  character  of  the  rising  generation, 
must  be  brought  into  requisition.  Religious  instruction  in  early 
youth  is  peculiarly  demanded  at  a  period  like  this.  It  is  high  time 
for  us  to  awake  out  of  sleep,  "  redeeming  the  time  because  the  days 
are  evil."  Presbyterians  must  better  prepare  to  meet  the  crisis  in 
the  destiny  of  the  Messiah's  kingdom.  They  are  now  comparatively 
unprepared  to  meet  its  contingencies  of  trial  and  storm.  Their  chil- 
dren must  not  be  thus  left  without  the  full  preparation  of  the  gospel 
of  peace,  but  should  be  carefully  educated  by  the  Church  to  do  their 
whole  duty, "and  having  done  all,  to  stand." 

Our  neglect  of  adequate  religious  education  has  been  seen  in  the 
facility  with  which  some  of  our  youth  have  been  enticed  into 
churches  where  evangelical  truth  has  lost  its  divine  prominence. 
"  If  they  are  weary  in  the  land  of  peace,  what  will  they  do  in  the 
swelling  of  Jordan  !"  If  they  are  so  easily  misled  now,  what  shall 
guard  them  in  future  from  the  fiercer  temptations  of  Antichrist  ? 
God  has  punished  us  with  defaulters  enough  to  open  our  eyes  to 
behold  our  sins ;  and  if  we  make  no  effort  at  effectual  reformation, 
our  doom  is  as  certain  as  our  warning.  Why  is  it  that  Presbyterians 
have  swelled  the  ranks  of  other  denominations  to  the  disparagement 
of  their  own  glorious  system  of  gospel  grace  and  liberty  ?  To  use 
the  language  of  a  quaint  divine:  "  What  may  be  the  cause  why  so 
much  cloth  so  soon  changeth  colour?  It  is  because  it  was  never 
loet-ivadded — which  giveth  fixation  to  a  colour  and  setteth  it  in  a 
cloth."  This  is  the  reason  we  lose  our  members  from  time  to  time; 
they  were  never  "wet-wadded"  in  our  Catechism,  were  never  deep- 
dyed  by  an  early,  thorough  religious  education,  which  giveth  "fixa- 
tion" to  our  truth  and  setteth  it  in  the  soul.  Who  often  hears  of  a 
Presbyterian  in  Scotland  abandoning  the  altar  and  the  graves  of  his 
fathers  for  prelacy  or  popery  ?  The  same  guardian  attention  for  the 
education  of  their  children  which  honours  the  land  of  Knox,  once 
characterized  all  the  churches  of  the  Reformation.    De  Thou  says  of 


REPORT    ON*    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  19 

the  Reformed  Church  of  France,  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  ago, 
"  you  can  scarcely  find  a  boy  among  them  who  cannot  give  you  an 
intelligent  account  of  the  faith  they  profess."  A  popish  theologian 
sent  to  convert  the  Protestants  of  Dauphine,  declared  that  it  was 
"hopeless  to  make  proselytes  where  the  children  were  so  well 
grounded  in  their  creed."  Such  facts  make  a  common  sense  appeal 
to  the  members  of  every  evangelical  communion.  We  trust  they 
will  not  be  lost  to  our  own.  The  Presbyterian  Church  must  arouse 
herself  to  this  great  work  of  training  her  youth  for  God.  She  has 
forgotten  the  exploits  of  the  Reformation,  and  needs  herself  a  refor- 
mation, in  order  to  renew  her  wonders  in  the  service  of  the 
Redeemer. 

Presbyterians  were  once  honoured  in  the  Providence  of  God  as  the 
chief  promoters  of  Christian  education  in  the  country.  Their  schools 
and  academies  which  were  like  "the  cedar  tree  that  is  in  Lebanon" 
are  now  like  "the  hyssop  that  springeth  out  of  the  wall."  Our  influ- 
ence is  comparatively  insignificant.  The  "Log  College"  of  Ten- 
nent  would  be  a  greater  wonder  and  glory  in  these  days  than  it  was 
a  century  ago.  Although  its  foundations  have  disappeared,  and  its 
little  garden  is  now  part  of  a  common  wheat-field,  yet  the  spot  where 
it  once  was  is  yet  known  by  the  luxuriant  growth  of  vegetation 
which  every  year  renewedly  blesses  its  heaven-favoured  locality. 
The  fertility  of  nature  around  that  ancient  seminary  01  learning  is 
an  emblem  of  the  visible  results  to  be  expected  from  Church  institu- 
tions planted  amidst  the  harvest-fields  of  the  world.  A  blessing 
would  be  around  about  them,  and  their  memorial  would  descend 
from  age  to  age. 

The  sure  method  for  our  Church  to  prosper  is  to  "  train  up  her 
children  in  the  way  they  should  go."  School  extension  is,  with  the 
divine  blessing,  a  glorious  basis  of  Church  extension.  We  must  not 
only  preach  the  gospel  to  those  who  have  grown  up,  but  we  must 
train  those  who  are  growing  up  in  the  truth  of  the  gospel.  The 
Free  Church  of  Scotland,  with  a  high  remembrance  of  her  ancestral 
privileges,  has  gone  diligently  to  work  in  building  school  houses  as 
defences  of  the  gates  of  Zion.  This  policy,  sanctioned  by  the  word 
of  God  and  commended  by  all  experience,  will,  if  adopted  by  our 
own  Church,  cause  her  to  resume  her  ancient  position  "clear  as  the 
sun,  fair  as  the  moon,  and  terrible  as  an  army  with  banners." 

SUGGESTIONS  AND  RECOMMENDATIONS. 

The  Board  of  Education  having  thus  attempted  to  exhibit  the  rela- 
tions of  the  parochial  school  system  to  elementary  education,  practical 
piety,  ministerial  training,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church,  express  the  hope  that  the  General  Assembly  will  take  action 
on  this  important  subject. 

Difficulties  there  are  of  various  kinds — many  of  them  of  a  very 
serious  nature,  whilst  others  are  exaggerated  and  rise  up  with  gigan- 


20  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

tic  aspect  to  terrify  us  from  the  land  of  promise.  No  noble  enterprise 
for  God  was  ever  set  on  foot  without  adverse  reports  from  every  side. 
The  times  require  faith  and  perseverance,  and  the  hardy  spirit  of 
Christian  patience  and  endurance.  If  the  work  be  a  good  one,  it  can 
be  accomplished.  Whatever  ought  to  be  done  can  be  done.  Diffi- 
culties in  a  good  cause  are  often  the  blessings  of  God  in  disguise — the 
merciful  interpositions  of  his  Providence  to  teach  his  people  their 
dependence,  and  to  arouse  within  them  the  energies  necessary  to 
hearty  co-operation  and  successful  achievement.  Obstacles  would 
quickly  disappear,  if  every  Presbyterian  had  it  in  his  heart  to  say 
with  Caleb,  "  let  us  go  up  at  once  and  possess  the  land ;  for  we  are 
well  able  to  overcome  it."  If  we  magnify  obstacles  and  murmur 
against  the  Lord  for  bidding  us  go  forward  in  the  midst  of  difficul- 
ties, his  righteous  judgment  may  keep  us  wandering  for  the  life-time 
of  another  generation  in  the  wilderness  of  State  institutions. 

The  action  of  the  General  Assembly,  within  the  acknowledged 
range  of  its  functions,  is  deemed  all-important.  It  must,  from  the 
nature  of  the  case,  be  chiefly  advisory  in  its  character — be  suited  to 
encourage,  to  lead  forward,  and  to  influence  rather  than  to  command. 
Any  system  of  education  depends  so  essentially  upon  public  opinion 
that  it  would  be  in  vain  for  the  Assembly  to  attempt  to  carry  into 
execution  measures  that  did  not  pre-suppose  the  local  co-operation 
of  the  churches.  What  seems  to  be  peculiarly  necessary  at  the  pre- 
sent time  is  to  encourage  those  churches  to  move  forward  in  this 
great  work,  who  are  in  some  measure  prepared  for  it,  but  yet  are 
waiting  for  a  more  decisive  expression  of  ecclesiastical  sanction. 
In  various  parts  of  our  country,  the  Board  are  assured  that  our 
churches  and  presbyteries  are  looking  forward  with  anxious  interest 
to  the  action  of  the  present  General  Assembly. 

I.  The  Board  of  Education,  in  obedience  to  the  resolution  of  last 
year,  respectfully  suggest  that  the  General  Assembly  should,  in  the 
first  place,  affirm  their  sense  of  the  importance  of  a  system  of 
Christian  education  to  be  extended  as  far  as  possible  throughout  their 
congregations.  The  characteristic  principle  of  the  system  contem- 
plated would  be  religions  instruction  from  the  word  of  God  in  con- 
nexion with  sound,  intellectual  culture;  and  the  general  outlines 
of  the  system  would  embrace  primary  schools  under  the  care  of 
churches,  academies  under  the  care  of  Presbyteries,  and  ultimately 
colleges  under  the  care  of  one  or  more  Synods.  The  subject  of 
theological  seminaries  is  supposed  to  be  already  disposed  of  in  the 
settled  policy  of  the  Church. 

The  Board  deem  it  suitable  in  this  place  to  make  a  few  practical 
remarks  on  the  general  outlines  of  the  system  which  they  propose  for 
the  recommendation  of  the  Assembly. 

As  to  parochial  schools,  they  have  to  encounter  difficulties  which 
belong  to  any  other  system  of  education;  such  as  sparseness  of  popu- 
lation, want  of  interest  in  the  cause  of  education,  difficulty  of  procur- 


REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  21 

ing  teachers,  &c.     The  occasion  does  not  demand  any  allusion  to 
difficulties  which  exist  in  common  with  all  other  plans. 

The  principal  difficulty  of  a  practical  kind,  at  least  in  many  places, 
is  supposed  to  arise  from  the  expense  of  supporting  teachers  in 
Church  schools.  The  Board  suggest  the  following  considerations  to 
show  that  the  embarrassment  from  this  source  will  not  be  so  great  as 
to  be  likely  to  defeat  the  project. 

1.  Many  churches  can  unquestionably  support  their  own  schools. 
The  great  majority  are  able  to  do  this  without  serious  inconvenience. 
The  least  of  all  difficulties  is  really  the  want  of  pecuniary  means; 
for  God  has  furnished  an  abundance  of  means  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church  to  do  her  whole  duty  in  the  conversion  of  the  world.  If  the 
Free  Church  of  Scotland,  heavily  laden  with  the  burdens  and  respon- 
sibilities of  her  new  organization,  did  not  hesitate  to  add  a  complete 
school-system  to  her  other  ecclesiastical  enterprises,  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  this  country  would  be  unworthy  of  her  ancestry  to  bring 
forward  so  ignoble  an  excuse  on  a  subject  of  such  vast  importance, 
and  at  a  period  of  eventful  crisis  in  her  history.  The  fact  is  that  our 
Church,  so  far  from  having  reached  the  point  of  full  expansion  in 
her  pecuniary  resources,  has  hardly  done  much  more  than  to  start 
from  the  minimum  of  contraction.  Instead  of  commanding  the  hom- 
age yielded  to  self-denial,  we  are  suffering  in  the  judgment  of  the 
world  and  in  our  own  consciences  the  shame  of  self-indulgence  and 
covetousness.  One  thing  is  encouraging,  and  that  is  that  the  more 
the  Church  has  multiplied  the  objects  of  benevolence,  the  more  have 
the  hearts  of  the  people  been  opened  to  give  their  worldly  substance. 
No  undertaking  is  more  likely  to  become  popular  in  our  churches 
than  the  education  of  the  rising  generation.  It  ought  to  be  taken 
for  granted  that  our  Church  will  enlarge  her  liberality  in  tfTe  Chris- 
tian and  dutiful  work  of  training  her  own  children. 

2.  The  money  now  spent  in  education  would  go  far  to  support 
parochial  schools.  The  funds  which  are  scattered  about  in  different 
places,  would,  if  collected  together,  contribute  largely  to  defray  the 
whole  expense  of  Church  institutions. 

3.  Many  schools  might  probably  be  started  with  the  nucleus  of 
an  existing  school;  and  thus  a  great  part  of  the  difficulty  be  antici- 
pated. 

4.  A  part,  or  the  whole  of  the  teacher's  salary  might  be  raised  by 
private  subscription,  or  by  monthly,  quarterly,  or  annual  collections; 
and  if  there  were  any  deficiency,  it  would  be  supplied  in  a  great 
many  cases  on  a  renewed  appeal  to  parents. 

5.  In  some  places,  ministers  or  members  of  their  families,  might 
assume,  at  the  outset  especially,  the  responsibility  of  beginning  the 
undertaking.  Though  an  addition  to  their  labours,  it  would  also  be 
an  addition  to  their  means  of  doing  good,  as  well  as  of  obtaining  a 
temporal  support. 

6.  It  is  not  too  much  to  expect  that  persons  would  be  found  to 


22  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

enter  upon  this  work,  with  small  prospects  of  support  at  first;  but 
yet  who  were  so  impressed  with  its  importance,  and  had  so  much 
faith  in  Providence  as  to  be  willing  to  make  the  experiment,  even 
amidst  many  discouragements. 

7.  In  many  congregations,  especially  in  the  country,  different 
families  might  be  willing  to  board  the  teacher  for  a  time,  and  thus 
diminish  the  expense  of  the  salary. 

S.  In  the  course  of  events,  legacies  would  in  all  probability  be  left 
to  assist  local  schools.  No  class  of  benevolent  objects  seems  so  suit- 
able to  receive  the  aid  of  permanent  funds  as  schools,  colleges,  and 
other  institutions  of  education.  In  Scotland,  large  legacies  have 
sometimes  been  left  for  these  objects,  as  also  in  our  own  country.  It 
is  believed  that  many  would  be  willing  to  follow  the  example  of 
John  Calvin,  who  although  he  died  poor,  being  worth  only  a  few 
hundred  dollars,  left  a  legacy  in  his  will  to  the  boy's  school  in 
Geneva. 

9.  A  general  Church  fund  might  be  annually  raised,  after  the  man- 
ner of  our  other  Church  operations,  to  assist  feeble  congregations  in 
the  salaries  of  their  teachers.  On  this  point  more  will  be  said  pre- 
sently. 

The  preceding  statements  on  the  matter  of  supporting  our  Church 
schools  are  not  supposed  to  meet  every  case  that  may  arise,  but  are 
merely  thrown  out  to  be  applied  according  to  circumstances.  It  is 
believed  that  they  will  apply  so  far  as  to  put  it  in  the  pecuniary 
power  of  a  great  majority  of  our  churches  to  have  parochial  schools. 

The  salaries  of  teachers  would  of  course  vary  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. In  New  England,  it  is  understood  that  the  salaries  in 
the  common  schools  are  from  $12  to  $20  per  month.  Each  Church 
would  supply  its  own  school  according  to  its  own  rate  and  ability. 

Nothing  has  been  said  in  regard  to  the  public  money  in  different 
States.  Although  assistance  from  this  quarter  is  by  no  means  a 
hopeless  expectation,  if  active  measures  were  persevered  in  to  ob- 
tain it,  yet  there  are  many  considerations  which  render  any  reliance 
upon  the  State  not  only  precarious  but  undesirable. 

The  method  of  applying  \\\e  money  to  support  the  schools  must  be 
left  to  the  judgment  of  each  congregation.  Some  might  judge  it  best 
to  support  the  teacher  on  a  salary,  and  to  open  the  school,  without 
charge,  to  the  children  of  all  persons  belonging  to  the  congregation. 
Others  might  prefer  to  have  each  child  pay  a  small  sum,  and  to  make 
up  the  deficiency,  if  any,  either  by  private  subscription  or  from  the 
general  Church  fund,  if  the  congregation  were  feeble.  Experience 
would  soon  adjust  details  of  this  kind. 

The  school  house  might  be  built  at  once  in  many  congregations. 
In  others,  the  lecture  room,  or  basement  of  the  church  edifice  might 
be  used  for  that  purpose.  In  others,  a  room  might  be  rented  until 
better  arrangements  could  be  made. 

The  Board  believe  that  in  hundreds  of  our  churches  parochial 


REPORT    ON   PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  23 

schools  might  be  organized  during  the  ensuing  year  without  much 
practical  difficulty.  An  impression  is  too  apt  to  prevail  that  a  paro- 
chial school  is  some  new  wonder,  which  is  to  be  introduced  in  a  way 
almost  miraculous.  Whereas,  if  the  friends  of  Church  education, 
with  the  Session  of  the  Church  to  guide  them,  went  heartily  to  work, 
the  indistinct  and  strange  vision  would  in  many  cases  speedily  become 
a  Christian  reality.  In  such  matters,  experience  will  soon  suggest  a 
remedy  for  local  wants  and  difficulties.  Enterprise  is  the  ally  of 
faith;  and  the  blessing  of  heaven  accompanies  the  prayers  and 
labours  of  Christian  activity  in  a  good  cause. 

In  regard  to  academies  under  the  care  of  Presbyteries,  the  Board 
think  that  fewer  pecuniary  and  other  difficulties  would  exist  in  their 
establishment  than  in  regard  to  parochial  schools.  Partly  because 
there  is  little  or  no  interference  with  State  institutions;  partly  because 
the  salaries  of  the  teachers  would  be  more  easily  provided  by  the 
tuition  and  by  the  liberality  of  a  large  district;  and  partly  because 
there  are  fewer  inherent  difficulties.  Any  Presbytery  in  the  Church, 
for  example,  could  furnish  pupils  enough  for  such  an  institution. 
The  fact  that  the  Methodists  have  without  difficulty  established  such 
seminaries  in  their  various  Conferences,  shows  that  the  work  is  feasi- 
ble in  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

Our  denomination  yet  retains  nominal  possession  of  many  acade- 
mies, or  select  schools,  as  they  are  sometimes  called.  Their  teachers 
belong  to  the  Presbyterian  Church;  but  their  real  value  is  in  a  great 
measure  lost  to  us  by  the  diluted  religion  taught  in  most  of  them. 
Their  object  being  generally  that  of  worldly  gain,  the  number  of 
pupils  is  a  very  great  consideration.  In  order  to  conciliate  all  denomi- 
nations, nothing  distinctive  is  taught  as  to  the  truth  of  God;  and  thus 
Presbyterian  children,  who  are  the  great  majority  in  many  of  these 
schools,  are  excluded  from  the  privileges  of  their  faith.  The  Board 
rejoice  to  state  that  the  Presbytery  of  Tuscaloosa  has  already  taken 
action  on  this  subject,  and  is  resolved  to  establish  a  Presbyterial  aca- 
demy. In  various  Presbyteries  several  such  institutions  might  be 
successfully  carried  on.  As  with  parochial  schools,  the  academy 
might  be  started  with  the  nucleus  of  an  institution  already  in  opera- 
tion. The  pecuniary  affairs  of  a  Presbyterial  academy  might,  in 
most  cases,  perhaps,  be  left  to  private  enterprise.  The  Presbytery 
would,  however,  secure  the  edifice  under  their  own  control;  and 
would  always  insist  upon  the  right  of  examining  the  qualifications  of 
teachers  and  of  general  visitation  and  supervision. 

It  deserves  consideration  whether  a  female  seminary  ought  not  to 
be  aimed  at  by  every  Presbytery.  However  desirable  it  may  be,  in 
the  estimation  of  many,  to  educate  at  least  their  daughters  at  home, 
there  is  unquestionably  a  demand  for  female  institutions.  The  Pa- 
pists, the  Episcopalians,  and  the  Methodists  have  theirs;  and  Presby- 
terians, who  seek  an  education  for  their  daughters,  should  not  be 
obliged  to  send  them  among  strangers.     When  the  influence  of  the 


24  REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS. 

female  sex  on  the  destinies  of  the  Church  and  the  world  is  considered, 
this  subject  may  well  awaken  our  anxious  inquiries. 

Many  of  our  Presbyterial  academies  might  be  under  the  supervi- 
sion of  ministers.  Such  general  control  would  not  interfere  so  much 
with  pastoral  labours  as  to  compensate  the  loss  of  a  strong  religious 
influence  in  these  institutions.  Many  of  the  fathers  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  laboured  zealously  for  God  as  teachers  as  well  as 
preachers ;  and  our  Zion  would  have  no  occasion  to  mourn  over 
the  repetition  of  the  arduous  services  of  a  past  generation. 

The  importance  of  these  Presbyterial  academies  is  enhanced  by 
the  fact  that  they  would  be  the  nurseries  for  the  teachers  of  our 
parochial  schools.  They  are  an  indispensable  part  of  a  system  of 
Christian  education,  viewed  either  in  reference  to  the  training  up  of 
teachers,  of  candidates  for  the  ministry,  or  of  educated  youth  to 
adorn  the  Church  or  the  State  in  other  professions  or  walks  in  life. 

No  language  can  describe  the  influence  on  our  Church  and  on  the 
world  of  one  academy  in  each  Presbytery — of  one  hundred  and  eigh- 
teen institutions  to  train  up  our  youth  for  life  and  immortality.  And 
then,  were  we  to  double  the  number  for  the  female  sex,  it  would  be 
a  demonstration  of  the  principle  that  "  two  would  put  ten  thousand 
to  flight." 

Several  hundred  Presbyterial  academies  for  the  Christian  edu- 
cation of  youth  of  both  sexes  would  concentrate  in  the  Presby- 
terian Church  an  amount  of  power,  influence,  and  prosperity  un- 
known in  her  annals. 

In  regard  to  colleges,  the  Presbyterian  Church  is  perhaps  less 
open  to  the  accusation  of  remissness  than  on  the  subject  of  schools 
and  academies.  There  is  great  room  for  improvement,  however, 
here.  The  number  of  colleges,  strictly  under  Presbyterian,  ecclesias- 
tical control  is  very  small.  Danville,  Oakland,  South  Hanover, 
Davidson  and  Oglethorpe,  are  believed  to  be  the  only  ones.  The 
Presbyterians  have  nominal  control  over  various  others,  as  Prince- 
ton, Lafayette,  Washington,  Jefferson,  Prince  Edward,  &c.  The 
rapid  growth  of  our  country  shows  the  necessity  of  organizing  more 
colleges,  especially  at  the  West.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  every  new 
institution  of  this  kind  will  be  committed  to  the  management  of  the 
Church,  instead  of  to  a  comparatively  irresponsible  body  of  self-per- 
petuating or  State-elected  trustees. 

With  these  hints  on  the  various  outlines  of  the  system,  the 
Board  recommend  the  Assembly  to  give  their  ecclesiastical  sanction 
to  the  general  plan  of  Christian  education,  particularly  in  refer- 
ence to  parochial  schools.  A  definite  sanction  on  the  part  of 
the  Assembly  wili,  it  is  believed,  go  far  towards  concentrating  the 
attention  of  the  Church  on  this  whole  subject,  and  ultimately  bring- 
ing out  her  resources  into  harmonious  and  efficient  action.  Public 
sentiment  in  various  parts  of  our  country  needs  more  than  any  thing 
else,  the  stimulus  of  the  conviction  that  this  system  of  Christian 
education  is  to  be  the  system  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 


REPORT    ON    PAROCHIAL    SCHOOLS.  25 

II.  In  the  second  place,  the  Board  of  Education  suggest  to  the 
Assembly  the  propriety  of  calling  the  attention  of  their  Synods  and 
Presbyteries  to  this  great  subject.  A  full  discussion  in  our  inferior 
judicatories  of  the  whole  matter  in  all  its  bearings,  would  go  far  to 
settle  points  on  which  public  sentiment  is  not  now  matured.  Light 
and  truth  emanate  from  the  collision  of  minds.  Certainly  no  subject 
may  be  more  properly  submitted  to  our  Synods  and  Presbyteries 
than  the  religious  and  intellectual  training  of  the  rising  generation. 

III.  In  the  third  place,  the  Board  recommend  the  appointment  of 
a  minister  and  elder  in  every  Presbytery,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
collect  information  about  the  number  and  present  condition  of  schools, 
academies  and  other  institutions  within  their  bounds;  their  wants  as 
a  Presbytery  on  the  subject  of  education ;  hinderances  which  exist  in 
the  establishment  of  the  parochial  school  system ;  the  number  of 
children  under  fifteen  years  of  age  belonging  to  their  congregations ; 
the  state  of  public  opinion  on  the  subject  of  education  ;  the  ability  of 
their  churches  to  sustain  teachers  and  build  school  houses;  in  short, 
all  the  statistical  information  which  has  any  relation  to  the  subject. 
The  above  committees  to  present  their  reports  before  the  1st  of  Jan- 
uary, 1848,  to  the  Board  of  Education,  who  shall  prepare  for  the 
next  General  Assembly  a  summary  view  of  the  matters  embraced  in 
them. 

IV.  In  the  fourth  place,  it  is  suggested  that  the  General  Assembly 
recommend  the  Board  of  Publication  to  take  into  consideration  the 
subject  of  school  books,  and  to  report  to  the  next  Assembly  whether 
any  thing,  and  if  any  thing,  what  can  be  done  in  the  great  and  in- 
creasingly important  department  of  Christian  elementary  instruction. 

V.  In  the  last  place,  the  Board  suggest  that  the  Assembly  au- 
thorize the  Board  of  Education  to  aid,  with  any  funds  that  may 
be  placed  at  their  command  for  that  purpose,  feeble  churches  in 
prosecuting  a  plan  of  Christian  education.  The  Board  have  already 
on  hand  in  their  treasury  three  thousand  dollars,  which  may  be 
applied  to  this  object  by  the  permission  of  friends  deeply  interested 
in  this  great  cause.  It  is  believed  that  feeble  churches,  above  all 
others,  need  the  self-sustaining,  influential  power  of  Christian  schools; 
and  that  the  Assembly  should  encourage  her  members  and  churches 
to  assist  in  the  great  work  of  school  extension  as  well  as  Church 
extension. 

The  reasons  which  incline  the  Board  of  Education  to  be  the 
medium  of  assisting  to  establish  parochial  schools  among  feeble 
churches,  and  to  attend  as  far  as  possible  to  the  general  interests  of 
Christian  education,  are  these  : 

1.  Parochial  schools,  as  has  been  shown,  are  the  corner-stones  of 
the  whole  system  of  ministerial  training. 

2.  The  operation  of  parochial  schools,  if  successful,  will  ultimately 
transfer  from  the  Board  the  elementary  education  of  their  candidates. 
Their  funds,  which  would  be  otherwise  withdrawn  from  service, 
would  be  thus  brought  again  into  active  demand. 


26  REPORT    ON   PAROCHIAL   SCHOOLS. 

3.  The  Church  would  realize  more  the  duty  and  privilege  of  pro- 
viding for  the  education  of  the  ministry,  if  the  training  up  of  all  her 
children,  in  connexion  with,  and  in  addition  to  this  particular  object, 
were  the  grand  principle  and  aim  of  her  education  efforts. 

4.  The  fact  that  Church  extension  has  been  managed  by  the  Board 
of  Missions,  authorizes  the  expectation  that  school  extension  may  be 
managed  by  the  Board  of  Education. 

5.  The  expense  of  the  organization  of  a  new  Board  is  a  motive 
to  allow  the  existing  Board  to  attempt  to  do  the  work. 

6.  Public  sentiment  is  not  perhaps  sufficiently  matured  to  demand 
a  new  organization. 

7.  If  the  Assembly  do  not  authorize  some  movement  on  this  great 
subject,  there  is  ground  to  fear  that  little  will  be  done  for  another 
year. 

In  addition  to  these  considerations,  the  amount  of  funds  which 
the  Board  of  Education  have  on  hand,  seems  to  be  a  Providential 
encouragement  for  them  to  offer  their  services. 

The  Board  of  Education,  however,  wish  it  to  be  distinctly  under- 
stood by  the  Assembly,  that  the  suggestion  of  their  own  instrumen- 
tality is  made  only  from  a  sense  of  obligation  to  the  Church.  The 
duties,  cares  and  responsibilities  which  primary  schools  would  add  to 
their  existing  burdens  are  not  sought,  nor  are  they  shunned.  If  the 
Assembly  shall,  on  the  whole,  judge  it  best  to  commit  these  interests 
to  their  care,  the  Board  will,  with  the  divine  blessing,  labour  faith- 
fully and  zealously  to  discharge  their  additional  obligations.  If,  on 
the  other  hand,  any  other  course  shall  be  found  better  adapted  to 
secure  the  successful  commencement  of  the  great  work  in  view,  the 
Board  will  most  gratefully  acknowledge  the  Providence  which  has 
opened  a  "  more  excellent  way." 

Invoking  the  blessing  of  God  to  direct  his  Church  in  the  prosecu- 
tion of  right  measures  on  this  important  subject,  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation respectfully  submit  to  the  Assembly  this  their  report. 
In  behalf  of  the  Board, 

Alexander  Henry, 
President. 

CORTLANDT  VAN  ReNSSELAER, 

Corresponding  Secretary. 
May,  1847. 


APPENDIX. 

ACTION  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  MINUTES. 

"  The  Board  of  Education,  appointed  by  the  last  Assembly  to  report  from 
time  to  time  on  the  subject  of  Parochial  Schools,  reported  through  their  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Dr.  Van  Rensselaer;  and  their  report  was  referred  to 
a  special  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Hodge,  Jones,  and  Janeway,  and 
Messrs.  Snowden  and  Mcllwaine."         *  *  *         * 

"The  order  of  the  day  was  then  taken  up,  viz.  the  report  of  the  committee 
to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education  on  Parochial 
Schools.  The  resolutions  were  considered  seriatim,  amended,  and  adopted, 
and  are  as  follows,  viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  Report  be  committed  to  the  Board  of  Education,  in 
order  that  it  may  be  printed  and  circulated  among  the  churches. 

2.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  express  their  firm  conviction, 
that  the  interests  of  the  Church  and  the  glory  of  our  Redeemer  demand  that 
immediate  and  strenuous  exertions  should  be  made,  as  far  as  practicable,  by 
every  congregation,  to  establish  within  its  bounds  one  or  more  primary 
schools,  under  the  care  of  the  Session  of  the  church,  in  which,  together  with 
the  usual  branches  of  secular  learning,  the  truths  and  duties  of  our  holy 
religion  shall  be  assiduously  inculcated. 

3.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  earnestly  call  upon  all  the 
Synods  and  Presbyteries  under  their  care,  to  take  the  subject  of  Christian 
education  under  consideration,  and  to  devise  and  execute  whatever  measures 
they  may  deem  most  appropriate  for  securing  the  establishment  of  Parochial 
and  Presbyterial  Schools  in  our  bounds. 

4.  Resolved,  That  a  committee,  consisting  of  one  minister  and  one  ruling 
elder,  be  appointed  by  each  Presbytery,  to  collect  information  as  to  the  num- 
ber and  condition  of  schools  within  the  bounds  of  the  Presbytery,  the 
number  of  children  under  fifteen  years  of  age  belonging  to  their  congrega- 
tions, the  state  of  public  opinion  in  respect  to  education,  the  ability  of  the 
churches  to  sustain  teachers  and  build  school-houses,  and  whatever  other 
statistical  information  relating  to  education  they  may  deem  important;  and 
that  these  committees  forward  their  reports  to  the  Board  of  Education,  on  or 
before  the  1st  of  January,  1848. 

5.  Resolved,  That  this  whole  subject  be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  that  the  Board  is  hereby  authorized  to  expend  whatever  moneys 
are  committed  to  them  for  that  purpose,  in  aid  of  the  establishment  of 
Parochial  and  Presbyterial  Schools. 

6.  Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Publication,  to  make 
inquiries  on  the  subject  of  elementary  school  books,  with  a  view  of  adapting 
them,  as  far  as  practicable,  to  a  system  of  religious  instruction,  and  that  the 
Board  report  on  this  subject  to  the  next  General  Assembly." 

It  is  a  matter  of  gratitude  to  the  great  Head  of  the  Church  and  of  con- 
gratulation  with  the  friends  of  Christian  education,  that  the  above  resolu- 
tions passed  the  Assembly  unanimously. 


28  APPENDIX. 

ACTION  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  MINUTES. 

"  1.  Resolved,  That  until  otherwise  ordered,  the  business  connected  with 
parochial  schools  be  transacted  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Board. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  correspondence  on  parochial  schools  and  the  funds 
contributed  for  this  object,  be  kept  distinct  from  the  other  correspondence  and 
funds  of  the  Board. 

3.  Resolved,  That  circulars  to  be  approved  by  the  Executive  Committee 
be  addressed  to  the  Sessions,  Presbyteries  and  Synods  of  the  Church  on  the 
subject  of  parochial  schools. 

4.  Resolved,  That  the  following  RULES  be  adopted  to  regulate  the  dis- 
tribution of  funds  for  the  promotion  of  parochial  schools  among  feeble 
churches. 

I.  On  the  organization  of  the  scliool. 

1.  Every  school  applying  for  aid,  must  be  under  the  care  of  the  Session  of  a  Presbyte- 
rian church ;  and  be  subject  to  the  general  supervision  of  the  Presbytery. 

2.  In  addition  to  the  usual  branches  of  elementary  education,  the  Bible  must  be  used  as 
a  text  book  for  daily  instruction  in  religion,  and  the  Shorter  Catechism  must  be  taught  at 
least  twice  a  week. 

3.  The  teacher  must  be  a  member  in  good  and  regular  standing  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

4.  The  school  must  be  opened  with  prayer  and  reading  of  the  Bible;  and  it  is  suggested 
that  singing,  as  far  as  practicable,  be  taught  in  the  school,  and  united  with  the  other  devo. 
tional  exercises. 

II.  On  applications  for  aid. 

1.  All  applications  must  be  approved  by  the  Presbytery. 

2.  Such  applications  must  state  to  the  Board  of  Education  what  amount  has  been  raised, 
or  is  expected  to  be  raised  for  the  salary  of  the  teacher;  and  what  amount  is  needed  from 
the  Board  to  make  up  the  salary.     Also,  the  probable  number  of  scholars  in  the  school. 

3.  The  application  must  be  renewed  annually  if  necessary,  at  the  spring  meeting  of  Pres- 
bytery. 

III.  Appropriations. 

1.  The  maximum  of  appropriations  from  the  Board  shall  not,  in  ordinary  cases,  exceed 
$75  per  annum,  and  it  is  expected  that  in  many  cases  a  less  amount  will  be  sufficient. 

2.  An  annual  deduction  will  be  made  on  the  amount  of  the  appropriation,  according  to 
the  prosperity  of  the  school. 

3.  Appropriations  will  be  paid  semi-annually ;  and  not  in  advance. 

IV.  Relations  to  the  Board  of  Education. 

1.  An  annual  report  shall  be  sent  to  the  Board  by  the  Session  of  the  church,  on  or  before 
the  1st  of  March,  giving  the  statistics  and  describing  the  general  condition  of  the  school. 

2.  The  Session  of  the  church  is  expected  to  provide  for  an  annual  collection  in  the 
congregation  for  the  school  extension  fund  of  the  Board  ;  and  in  order  that  there  may  be 
uniformity,  it  is  suggested  that  it  be  on  the  first  Sabbath  of  October,  or  on  some  other 
Sabbath  in  that  month. 

3.  The  teacher  shall  receive  a  copy  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education 
on  parochial  schools." 

The  Board  are  now  ready  to  receive  applications  according  to  the  above 
rules. 


APPENDIX.  29 

REMARKS  ON  THE  PRECEDING  RULES. 

Most  of  the  rules  will  commend  themselves  to  those  acquainted  with  our 
system  of  conducting  benevolent  operations. 

The  Bible  is  the  great  text  book  in  religion.  A  lesson  in  the  Bible  will 
naturally  form  a  part  of  the  daily  exercises  of  every  school.  The  plan  of 
committing  to  memory  one  verse  every  day,  might  be  advantageously  adopt- 
ed. The  teacher,  if  able  to  sing,  would  do  a  good  service  by  training  the 
voices  of  the  scholars  to  engage  in  this  interesting  and  delightful  employment — 
a  part  of  divine  worship  now  so  particularly  and  generally  neglected.  The 
learning  of  hymns  occasionally  would  be  an  appropriate  exercise  in  connexion 
with  singing.  The  Catechism  is  expected  to  be  taught  "  at  least  twice  a 
week."  Perhaps  many  teachers  would  prefer  to  hear  daily  one  question,  and 
to  have  a  general  review  during  the  week.  Each  school  will  arrange  the 
details  of  its  own  system  of  instruction. 

It  is  desirable  that  the  minister  of  the  congregation  should  at  least  once  a 
week  visit  the  school,  in  order  to  supervise  its  general  interests  and  to  exa- 
mine the  children,  particularly  in  religious  knowledge.  The  elders  will  also, 
no  doubt,  consider  it  their  duty  and  privilege  to  keep  themselves  personally 
acquainted  with  the  state  of  things  in  the  school. 

The  Board  consider  it  important,  for  many  reasons,  that  the  teacher  should 
be  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  Church.  In  regard  to  the  mode  of  choosing 
teachers,  the  minister  and  elders  who  are  the  regular  officers  of  the  Church, 
would  properly  and  of  course  attend  to  this  duty. 

The  amount  of  the  appropriations  made  by  the  Board  is  from  a  half  to  a 
third  of  the  average  salary  that  will  probably  be  required  for  female  teachers. 
This  is  believed  to  be  as  high  a  maximum  as  is  consistent  with  the  wisdom 
of  a  general  rule.  In  Connecticut,  female  teachers  receive  six  or  seven  dol- 
lars a  month  besides  their  board;  and  it  is  common  for  the  teachers  to  '■'■board 
roi/nd"  in  private  families.  About  two-thirds  of  the  common-school  teachers 
in  Connecticut  "  board  round."  Whilst  this  practice  has  the  double  advan- 
tage of  conforming  to  the  ability  of  a  feeble  congregation  to  sustain  a  school, 
and  of  making  the  teacher  acquainted  with  parents  and  children,  it  has  the 
disadvantage  of  infringing  on  the  personal  liberty  of  the  teacher,  and  of 
causing  undesirable  inconveniences  and  changes.  A  more  liberal  course  is 
to  raise  a  fair  salary,  and  to  allow  the  teacher  to  board  according  to  private 
preference.  But  the  other  is  a  good  plan  in  the  absence  of  a  better  one;  and 
it  will  no  doubt  be  acted  upon  according  to  circumstances. 

It  is  exceedingly  important  for  every  school  to  aim  at  supporting  itself. 
Many  of  those  which  require  aid  from  the  Board  will  probably  need  it  only 
for  the  first  year.  Others  will  need  it  for  several  years,  diminishing  the 
annual  amount  required  in  proportion  to  their  prosperity.  In  a  Church  like 
ours,  whose  congregations  multiply  at  the  rate  of  seventy  or  eighty  a  year, 
and  whose  schools  should  at  least  increase  in  the  same  proportion,  the  Board 
can  act  efficiently  only  on  the  general  principle  of  giving  less  and  less  to 
schools  already  in  operation  in  order  to  aid  more  and  more  those  springing 
up  in  new  and  destitute  settlements. 

The  operations  of  the  Board,  fiscal  and  general,  would  be  greatly  simpli- 
fied if  the  plan  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  were  adopted.  By  this  plan, 
every  congregation  on  a  fixed  day  takes  up  a  collection  for  the  School  scheme, 
which  goes  into  a  general  fund.  This  fund  is  equally  divided  among  all  the 
schools;  and  then  every  congregation  may  supplement  or  increase  its  own 
share,  if  necessary,  according  to  circumstances. 

Education  Rooms. 


30  APPENDIX. 

CIRCULAR  TO  THE  SESSIONS  OF  CHURCHES. 

To  the  Minister  and  Elders  of  the  Church  of 

Education  RooMs,>Philadelphia,  1847. 
Dear  Brethren — The  General  Assembly  having  committed  to  the  Board  of  Education 
the  responsibility  of  a  general  oversight  of  parochial  schools,  we  embrace  this  opportunity 
of  bringing  the  subject  before  you  in  a  fraternal  and  respectful  manner.  Our  object  is  simply 
to  present  the  matter  in  certain  aspects  for  your  consideration.  We  are  merely  the  agents 
of  the  Assembly,  to  call  public  attention  to  one  of  the  most  important  schemes  of  benevo- 
lence which  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  this  country  has  ever  attempted  to  carry  into  execu- 
tion. We  say  "  scheme  of  benevolence,"  because  it  is  assumed  that  our  church  officers  and 
members  can  confer  upon  their  children  no  higher  good  than  the  advantages  and  bless- 
ings of  a  Christian  education.  This  is  emphatically  a  home  enterprise,  sacred  and  tender  in 
its  aims,  very  simple  in  the  means  to  be  employed,  and  reaching  through  time  into  eternity 
with  its  results. 

1.  The  first  point,  Brethren,  we  ask  you  to  consider,  is  whether  a  primary  church  school 
cannot  be  started  and  supported  within  your  own  bounds?  A  great  many  congregations, 
especially  those  in  cities,  towns,  and  villages,  might,  with  the  blessing  of  God,  establish  a 
Christian  school,  whenever  they  have  the  mind  and  the  heart  to  do  so.  In  addressing  as  we 
now  do  every  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  land,  we  cannot,  of  course,  adapt  our  remarks  to 
the  circumstances  of  any  one  in  particular.  Whether  yours  is  called  to  establish  a  school 
or  not,  is  not  for  the  Board,  under  any  circumstances,  to  decide.  But  we  respectfully  present 
the  question  for  your  own  action,  with  the  remark,  that  the  General  Assembly  have  ex- 
pressed "  their  firm  conviction  that  the  interests  of  the  Church  and  the  glory  of  the  Redeemer 
demand  that  immediate  and  strenuous  efforts  be  made,  as  far  as  practicable  by  every  congre- 
gation to  establish  within  its  bounds  one  or  more  primary  schools." 

2.  If  your  congregation  is  a  feeble  one  and  needs  aid  in  supporting  a  teacher,  the  Board 
of  Education  are  ready  to  assist  according  to  their  ability  and  in  conformity  with  the  rules 
herewith  submitted.  As  our  school  funds  are  comparatively  limited,  we  feel  bound  to  say 
that  your  expectation  of  aid  from  this  quarter  must  not  be  very  high.  We  shall  endeavour 
to  distribute  judiciously  and  with  a  view  to  the  greatest  good,  whatever  money  the  friends 
of  Christ  may  transmit  to  the  Board  for  this  object. 

3.  It  is  proper  to  say  that  whilst  some  teachers  may  be  obtained  from  abroad,  it  is  wisest 
and  safest  for  each  congregation  to  endeavour  to  obtain  a  teacher  within  its  own  bounds  or 
neighbourhood.  The  Board  have  already  had  applications  for  teachers  which  they  cannot 
meet.  This  is  the  principal  difficulty  in  carrying  out  the  scheme.  It  is  well  to  start  with 
keeping  in  view  the  great  principle  that  every  congregation  should  endeavour  to  raise  up  its 
own  teachers.  There  are  many  congregations  where  pious  teachers  of  suitable  qualifications 
to  commence  a  school  could  even  now  be  found.  The  Board  are  fully  persuaded  that  as 
a  general  rule,  every  church  must  rely  upon  its  own  resources  in  supplying  teachers  for  its 
schools.  The  Board  will,  however,  cheerfully  aid  to  the  extent  of  their  power  in  securing 
teachers  where  required;  and  they  will  sometimes  be  able  undoubtedly  to  assist  in  procuring 
them. 

4.  The  General  Assembly  having  authorized  the  Board  to  "  expend  whatever  moneys  are 
committed  to  them  in  aid  of  the  establishment  of  parochial  schools,"  we  hope  that  all  our 
congregations  will  commit  moneys  to  the  Board  for  this  purpose.  The  feeble  churches 
aided  by  the  Board  in  establishing  schools,  are  all  expected  to  take  up  a  collection,  however 
small  the  amount.  This  is  a  good  example  to  those  churches  who  are  able  to  support  their 
own  schools.  No  church  can  exhibit  a  sweeter  token  of  interest  in  the  general  prosperity 
of  our  Zion,  than  by  helping  the  destitute  churches,  especially  in  the  West,  to  guard  their 
children  from  error  and  to  supply  them  with  a  Christian  education. 

All  the  interests  of  parochial  schools,  like  the  other  interests  of  our  Church,  depend  in  a 

very  great  degree  upon  the  prayers,  the  enterprise,  the  perseverance,  the  faith  of  the  Sessions 

of  our  churches.     On  them  rests  great  responsibility  in  reference  to  the  present  question. 

The  destiny  of  many  a  precious  child  besides  your  own,  dear  brethren,  will  be  affected  by  the 

views  you  take  and  the  action  you  put  forth  on  the  subject  of  parochial  schools.     May  the 

Lord  enable  his  Church  by  his  Holy  Spirit  and  by  his  Providence  to  ascertain  and  do  his  will. 

We  are,  respectfully  and  prayerfully,  your  co-workers  in  the  vineyard  of  our  common  Lord. 

In  behalf  of  the  Board. 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  Cor.  Sccrttary.  Alexander  Henry,  President. 


APPENDIX.  31 

"7 
CIRCULAR  TO  THE  PRESBYTERIES. 

To  the  Presbytery  of 

Education  Rooms,  Philadelphia,  1847. 
Dear  Brethren  in  Christ — In  respectfully  calling  your  attention,  as  the  organ  of  the 
Assembly,  to  the  Christian  education  of  the  rising  generation,  our  apology  for  so  doing  is 
the  position  which  the  Presbyterian  Church  has  in  the  Providence  of  God  taken  on  this 
great  subject — a  position  we  may  say  worthy  of  her  ancestry,  true  and  wise  for  her  present 
interests,  and  hopeful  for  her  children  and  her  children's  children.  The  system  of  Christian 
education  by  means  of  primary  Church  schools  and  Presbyterial  academies  was  unanimously 
approved  by  the  representatives  of  the  Presbyteries  convened  in  the  General  Assembly. 
The  enterprise  has  thus  started  under  the  most  favourable  auspices.  The  whole  matter  will 
properly  come  before  the  Presbytery  through  the  Minutes  of  the  Assembly.  When  it  is 
brought  up,  there  are  certain  points,  involved  in  the  relations  which  the  Board  of  Education 
sustain  to  this  subject,  to  which  the  Board  as  co-workers  respectfully  solicit  attention. 

1.  The  first  point  is  the  agency  of  the  Presbytery,  according  to  our  rules  herewith  sub- 
mitted, in  recommending  feeble  churches  to  receive  a  part  of  the  school  extension  fund. 
The  Board  thought  it  wise  to  adopt  this  requirement  on  the  ground  of  its  being  in  harmony 
with  our  Church  polity  and  with  our  general  customs.  Demands  upon  the  Church  exten- 
sion fund  of  the  Board  of  Missions  are  subject  to  the  decision  of  the  Presbytery;  and  we 
trust  the  Presbytery  will  approve  of  this  regulation  in  regard  to  demands  upon  the  school 
extension  fund. 

2.  It  will  also  be  seen  from  our  rules  that  the  schools  of  churches  aided  by  the  funds  of 
the  Board  must  be  subject  to  the  general  supervision  of  the  Presbytery.  If  the  teachers 
employed,  or  the  course  of  religious  instruction  adopted  in  the  schools  be  not  satisfactory  to 
the  Presbytery,  that  body  ought  in  the  judgment  of  the  Board,  to  have  their  common  right 
of  review,  supervision  and  general  control.     This  is  the  plan  in  the  Church  of  Scotland. 

3.  The  Board  suggest  the  appointment  of  a  committee  to  be  called  the  Education  Com- 
mittee, who  shall  attend  to  the  general  interests  of  Christian  education  within  the  bounds 
of  the  Presbytery,  and  who  shall  have  the  oversight  of  such  matters  as  may  require 
direction  during  the  interval  of  the  meetings  of  Presbytery.  As  it  is  common  in  many 
parts  of  the  Church  to  appoint  an  Education  Committee  for  the  business  of  the  Board  con- 
nected with  candidates  for  the  ministry,  it  is  suggested  that  the  same  committee  where  it 
exists,  attend  to  these  additional  duties.  Among  these  duties,  is  that  of  preparing  statistical 
information  for  the  Presbytery  and  for  the  Church  at  large,  according  to  the  fourth  resolu- 
tion of  the  Assembly. 

4.  Another  point  which  the  Board  anxiously  hope  the  Presbytery  will  regard  with  favour 
is  that  of  collections  in  their  churches  for  the  school  extension  fund.  If  the  enterprise  we 
are  now  engaged  in  prospers  with  the  blessing  of  God,  it  must  take  its  place  as  a  regular 
Church  enterprise,  and  must  enlist  the  hearty  co-operation  of  our  ministers,  elders,  and  con- 
gregations. The  same  general  principle,  which  gives  life  to  our  other  schemes  must  animate 
this,  viz.  each  congregation  must  as  far  as  possible  provide  for  itself  and  help  feeble  con- 
gregations. 

5.  The  subject  of  Presbyterial  academies  is  recommended  by  the  Assembly  in  their 
third  and  fifth  resolutions.  These  academies  being,  among  other  uses,  nurseries  of  well 
qualified  teachers,  the  success  of  the  whole  scheme  is  in  a  measure  connected  with  their 
establishment.  It  is  supposed  that  a  male  and  female  academy  would  be  considered  desir- 
able in  every  Presbytery.  As  candidates  for  the  ministry  would  be  educated  in  the  male 
Presbyterial  academies,  the  Board  feel  a  special  interest  in  this  department  of  the  enterprise. 
The  Presbytery  of  Concord  have  a  flourishing  institution  under  their  care.  The  Presbyteries 
of  Tuscaloosa  and  Luzerne  have  resolved  to  establish  similar  institutions.  Every  Presby- 
tery in  our  Church  will  no  doubt  consider  this  subject  carefully  and  act  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 

Trusting  that  the  suggestions  contained  in  this  communication  and  made  in  the  fraternal 
spirit  of  those  who  have  a  common  interest  in  this  cause,  may  be  favourably  received  by  the 
Presbytery, 

We  remain,  dear  brethren,  Your  fellow  labourers  for  Christ. 

In  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Education, 
C.  Van  Rensselaer,  Alexander  Henry, 

Corresponding  Secretary.  President. 

J 


32  APPENDIX. 

r 

SUSTAIN  THE  SCHOOL  EXTENSION  ENTERPRISE! 

The  General  Assembly  having  unanimously  sanctioned  the  plan  of  Christian  education  by 
means  of  Church  schools  and  academies,  it  now  devolves  upon  the  Churches  and  Presby- 
{  teries  to  carry  it  into  faithful  and  energetic  operation.  A  good  cause  ought  to  be  presecuted 
with  vigour,  especially  in  these  days  of  active  effort  on  the  part  of  opposers  of  the  truth.  Our 
Church  has  the  example  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  to  stimulate  and  encourage  her  in 
the  prosecution  of  her  Education  measures.  Our  brethren  in  that  land  have  organized  a 
general  system  of  parochial  schools,  which  carry  the  blessings  of  education  in  free  and  full 
conjunction  with  the  preaching  of  the  gospel.  The  General  Assembly  by  their  resolutions 
desire  to  see  this  same  system  equally  co-extensive  with  gospel  ordinances  in  our  own  country. 
In  order  to  accomplish  this  great  result,  the  school  extension  scheme  must  be  recognized  as 
one  of  the  regular  and  necessary  branches  of  the  benevolent  operations  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

The  large  number  of  our  feeble  Churches,  especially  in  the  West,  calls  for  very  consider, 
able  aid  in  order  that  this  good  work  may  be  pushed  forward  on  a  scale  commensurate  with 
its  promise  and  importance.  There  is  an  abundance  of  pecuniary  resources  to  accomplish 
all  that  is  aimed  at,  without  in  the  least  degree  affecting  other  objects,  or  throwing  any  real 
burden  upon  the  people.  One  great  difficulty  in  reaching  the  resources  of  our  Chuich  is 
supposed  to  be  the  want  of  system.  It  is  a  singular  and  humiliating  fact  that  about  one 
half  of  our  congregations  make  no  contributions  to  any  of  our  Boards!  How  strongly  in 
contrast  with  this  is  the  fact  that  every  congregation  in  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland 
is  reported  to  have  sustained  during  the  last  year  her  benevolent  schemes!  This  difference 
is  owing  in  part  at  least,  if  not  principally,  to  the  syste?n  which  energizes  the  efforts  of 
Scotland,  and  to  the  want  of  system  which  paralyzes  ours. 

The  following  are  suggested  as  reasons  for  taking  up  annual  collections  in  our  churches 
for  the  School-extension  fund. 

1.  Christian  education  is  as  important  an  object  as  any  one  to  be  accomplished  by  the 
Church  of  Christ.     The  salvation  of  the  soul  is  directly  concerned  with  early  training. 

2.  If  an  important  object,  it  ought  to  be  carried  forward  with  vigour.  Without  means  it 
cannot  be. 

3.  The  Church  has  money  enough  and  to  spare.  The  superfluities  of  life  have  not  yet 
been  reached  by  our  habits  of  giving. 

4  Parochial  schools  make  an  appeal  in  favour  of  little  children — "  the  lambs  of  the 
flock."     "Of  such  is  the  kingdom  of  heaven!" 

5.  The  Free  Church  of  Scotland  associates  schools  with  her  other  religious  enterprises. 

6.  If  not  exalted  to  its  true  rank  by  the  Chuich,  this  enterprise  will  lose  the  impulse 
necessary  for  its  advancement.  It  ought  to  receive  from  the  beginning  the  homage  which 
is  its  due. 

7.  Christian  education  has  permanent  claims  upon  us  as  parents,  as  Christians,  as  patriots, 
as  friends  and  neighbours — private  and  public  claims  that  can  never  pass  away. 

8.  Many  feeble  churches,  especially  in  the  West,  cannot  support  Christian  schools  without 
aid,  at  least  at  present.  The  efforts  of  Romanists  at  the  West  can  be  effectually  resisted 
only  by  counter  efforts  on  our  part.  Like  the  prairie  fire,  their  incendiary  attempts  can  be 
best  overcome  by  kindling  against  them  in  an  opposite  direction. 

9.  If  the  State  system  levies  an  annual  tax,  the  Church  system  ought  to  receive  a  free- 
will offering  from  all  her  faithful  sons.  "  Render  unto  Caesar  the  things  that  are  Caesar's, 
and  unto  God  the  things  that  are  God's." 

10.  Nothing  will  tend  more  to  keep  alive  a  public  interest  in  the  Church,  on  the  subject 
of  Education,  than  the  annual  presentation  of  this  great  cause  throughout  our  bounds. 

11.  "  Inasmuch  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  the  least  of  these,  ye  have  done  it  unto  me." 

12.  In  heaven  no  one  will  regret  the  assistance  rendered  in  establishing  schools,  where 
the  Bible  and  Catechism  were  daily  taught  as  the  basis  of  the  revelations  of  the  saints 
in  glory. 

Let  every  Christian  aid  according  to  his  ability — as  "  God  hath  prospered  him" — in 
"  feeding  the  lambs"  whom  Christ,  the  great  Shepherd,  has  congregated  within  the  folds  of 
his  Church.  Let  Christian  education  be  henceforth  one  of  our  great  objects  of  benevolence  ! 
Presbyterians!  shall  it  not  be  so? 

Education  Rooms,  Phila.,  1847. 


OBJECTS  OF  THE  BOARD  OF    EDUCATION   OF   THE 
PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

It  will  be  borne  in  mind  by  the  members  of  our  Church  that  the  plans  and  operations  of 
the  Board  of  Education  now  include  two  objects;  viz. 

1.  The  promotion  of  ministerial  education  by  assisting  pious  and  indigent  young  men 
in  preparing  for  the  Gospel  ministry.     And 

2.  The  promotion  of  general  education  by  assisting  feeble  churches  in  sustaining  Chris- 
tian schools  within  their  bounds. 

These  objects,  though  distinct,  are  harmonious.  They  belong  to  the  same  general  depart- 
ment  of  Christian  effort,  and  mutually  sustain  and  strengthen  each  other  in  the  Church  of 
God. 

The  moneys  that  may  be  contributed  for  these  two  objects  will  be  kept  separate.  It  is 
not  expected  that  contributions  to  one  fund  will  to  any  extent  interfere  with  contributions 
to  the  other.  The  Board  have  too  much  faith  to  suppose  that  their  efforts  to  organize  and 
sustain  parochial  schools  will  diminish  the  amount  of  donations  to  the  cause  of  ministerial 
education  which  has  so  long  enjoyed  the  confidence  and  support  of  the  Church.  This  cause 
must  be  sustained.  The  assistance  which  the  Board  aims  at  rendering  parochial  schools  is  any 
thing  but  a  plea  to  induce  our  old  friends  and  patrons  to  cripple  the  Board  in  carrying  out  the 
original  object  of  their  institution.  We  are  persuaded  that  they  will  not  allow  this  to  be 
the  case.  Our  collections  for  the  department  of  ministerial  education,  instead  of  being 
diminished,  should  be  increased  this  year  on  account  of  the  increase  in  the  number  of  our 
candidates.  We  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  the  Churches  to  this  fact  as  an  argument 
for  ihem  not  to  fall  below  last  year's  mark,  but  rather  to  go  beyond  it. 

The  great  work  of  School-extension  must  also  be  carried  forward,  and  with  the  zeal  and 
liberality  of  Christians  who  are  convinced  of  its  vast  importance.  According  to  the  rules 
of  the  Board  the  sum  of  seventy-Jive  dollars  is  expected  to  be,  on  an  average,  sufficient  to 
enable  a  feeble  congregation  to  sustain  a  primary  school  in  connexion  with  its  own  resources. 
Are  there  not  congregations  and  individuals  who  will,  to  that  extent,  aid  the  cause  of  Chris- 
tian education  in  the  Presbyterian  Church? 


EXTRACTS  FROM  A  REPORT  TO  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  OF  1846. 

"  If  there  is  any  period  of  life  in  which  man  receives  deep  impressions,  it  is  the  period  of  child- 
hood. If  there  are  any  hours  of  childhood,  in  which  permanent  opinions  are  communicated, 
the  hours  spent  in  school  are  such.  If  there  is  any  place,  where  it  is  important  to  inculcate 
the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  it  is  the  place  of  daily,  common, 
instruction.  And  with  all  our  reverence  and  affection  for  Sabbath-schools,  for  which  we  bless 
the  name  of  God,  we  are  unwilling  to  let  six  days  pass  by,  without  a  word  of  Christ,  however 
faithfully  he  may  be  held  forth  to  our  offspring  on  the  seventh." 

"There  is  nothing  which,  under  God's  blessing,  promises  so  much  for  the  sustentation  of 
our  covenanted  truth,  as  schools,  Presbyterian  schools,  thorough-paced  and  above-boaid; 
Buch  schools  as  shall,  every  day  in  the  week,  direct  the  infant  mind,  not  only  to  a  meagre 
natural  religion,  but  to  the  whole  round  of  gracious  truth,  as  it  is  in  Christ  Jesus.  The 
principles  herein  asserted  are  not  new  among  us;  but  it  is  high  time  that  we  should  carry 
our  principles  into  action." 


TEACHERS. 

The  Board  of  Education  will,  in  all  probability,  have  applications  from  Churches  to  assist 
in  supplying  ihem  with  teachers.  Whilst  they  do  not  encourage  such  applications,  from  the 
belief  that  the  most  reliable  method  is  for  every  congregation  or  Presbytery  to  raise  up 
teachers  within  iheir  own  bounds,  they  wi'l  nevertheless  do  what  they  can  to  answer  these 
demands.  They  embrace  this  occasion  to  invite  Christian  teachers  who  are  willing  to  take 
charge  of  Church  schools  according  to  the  rules  on  page  29,  to  send  the  necessary  informa- 
tion to  the  Office  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  No.  25,  Sausom 
street,  Philadelphia. 

Communications  will  receive  attention. 


LEGACIES. 

[It  is  admitted  to  be  the  duty  of  every  one,  as  the  steward  of  God,  to  use  the 
property  committed  to  him,  so  as  to  promote  the  glory  of  God  and  the  salvation  of 
men  in  the  most  effectual  manner  while  he  yet  lives.  There  may  be  circumstances 
however,  which  may  prevent  persons  from  dividing  their  estate  during  their  lifetime, 
but  when  it  comes  to  be  finally  disposed  of,  and  accounts  balanced  for  this  world 
and  i  he  next,  there  may  be  many  to  say,  "  Let  the  cause  of  Christ  be  my  heir"  or 
at  least  " one  of  my  heirs"  To  meet  the  views  of  such,  the  following  form  has 
been  prepared.] 

DEVISE  OR  BEQUEST. 

I  give  and  devise  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian 

Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  the  sum  of ,  to  be  applied  by 

said  Board  to  the  Education  of  pious  and  indigent  Young  Men  for  the  Gospel 
Ministry,  or  for  the  support  of  Christian  schools  within  the  bounds  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church. 


When  bequests  are  made  to  the  Board  of  Education,  let  the  foregoing  form  be 
observed.  Legacies  are  often  lost  to  the  cause  which  the  testator  designs  to  aid,  by 
a  defect  in  the  will. 

When  veal  estate  or  other  property  is  given,  let  it  be  particularly  described. 


SCHOOL  EXTENSION  FUNDS. 

The  Board  of  Education  have  now  on  hand  three  thousand  dollars  for  the  sup- 
port of  parochial  schools  among  feeble  churches.  They  invite  donations  from  indi- 
viduals and  collections  from  churches  to  increase  their  school-extension  fund.  Large 
resources  will  be  necessary  in  order  to  carry  on  with  vigour  this  important  branch 
of  our  operations.  We  trust  that  the  churches  will  receive  with  favour  this  interest- 
ing and  additional  claim  upon  their  benevolence ;  and  that  whilst  those  who  have 
the  means  will  organize,  if  possible,  parochial  schools  of  their  own,  they  will  also 
assist  the  feeble  in  doing  the  same  good  work.  July,  1847. 


Ten  thousand  copies  of  the  Report  on  parochial  schools  have  been  printed  for 
gratuitous  distribution,  by  means  of  a  special  donation.  A  copy  will  be  sent  to 
every  minister,  licentiate,  end  candidate  for  the  ministry  in  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
and  also  to  every  ruling  elder,  as  far  as  practicable.  In  most  cases,  copies  for  the 
elders  will  be  sent  in  parcels,  to  the  post-office  address  of  the  minister,  who  will 
please  to  distribute  them. 


••'•>rii-ri.-:^.r.;r.^^^ 


■ 


/. 


■ 


. 


MINUTES 


OF    THE 


GENERAL  ASSEMBLY 


OF    THE 


PRESBYTERIAN   CHURCH 


IN    THE 


UNITED  STATES  OE  AMERICA 


WITH    AN 


APPENDIX, 


¥©3L0  II, 


A.  D.  1847. 


PHILADELPHIA : 

PUBLISHED  BY  THE  STATED  CLERK  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

PRINTED   BY   WILLIAM   S.    MARTIEN. 
1847. 


CONTENTS. 


I.  Minutes  of  the  General  Assembly.     ....  369 

II.  Appendix — Narrative  of  the  State  of  Religion.                .  406 

III.  Reports  of  Delegates  to  Corresponding  Bodies  .         .              .  409 

IV.  Reports  of  Theological  Seminaries.           .              .             .  412 
V.  Report  of  Treasurer  of  the  General  Assembly.         .             .  424 

VI.  List  of  Moderators  and  Stated  and  Permanent  Clerks.  428,  429 

VII.  General  View  of  Synods.             ....  430 

VIII.  Presbyterial  Statistical  Tables.          ....  432 

IX.  Aggregate  of  Presbyterial  Reports  for  1847.        .             .  527 
X.  General  View           .             .             .             .             .             .531 

XI.  Abstracts  of  Reports  of  the  Boards  of  the  Church.           .  532 

XII.  Notices  to  Stated  Clerks  of  Presbyteries,  Synods,  &c.            .  545 

XIII.  Form  of  Presbyterial  Report  to  the  General  Assembly.  546 

XIV.  Form  of  Bequests.        ......  547 

XV.  Index.               ...              ...  548 


ERRATUM. 

On  p.  431.  Synod  of  Virginia,  instead  of  1081— read,  10,081  communicants. 


INSTITUTIONS  AND  OFFICERS 

Of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  United  States  of  America. 

CLERKS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

Rev.  Willis  Lord,  Stated  Clerk.  Office  No.  37  South  Seventh  street 
Philadelphia. 

Robert  Davidson,  D.  D.,  Permanent  Clerk,  New  Brunswick,  New 
Jersey. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 
Matthew  Newkirk,  Esq.,   Treasurer.     Office  No   80  Walnut  street, 
Philadelphia. 

BOARD  OF  DOMESTIC  MISSIONS. 

William  A.  McDowell,  D.  D.,  Corresponding  Secretary  and  General 
Agent.     Office  No.  25  Sansom  street,  Philadelphia. 

William  D.  Snyder,  Treasurer.  Office  No.  25  Sansom  street  Phila- 
delphia. 


BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

Rev.  Cortlandt  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.  Corresponding  Secretary. 
Office  No  25  Sansom  street,  Philadelphia. 

Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Esq.,  Treasurer.  Address  Mechanics'  Bank,  Phila- 
delphia. 


BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

Walter  Lowrie,  Esq.,  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mission  House,  corner 
of  Centre  and  Reade  streets,  New  York. 

Rev.  Daniel  Wells,  Treasurer,  Mission  House,  corner  of  Centre  and 
Reade  streets,  New  York. 


BOARD  OF  PUBLICATION. 

Mr.  Joseph  P.  Engles,  Publishing  Agent.  Office  and  Store  at  the  cor- 
ner  of  George  and  Seventh  streets,  Philadelphia. 

A.  W.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Treasurer.  Office  corner  of  George  and  Sev- 
enth streets,  Philadelphia. 


MINISTERS'  AND  WIDOWS'  FUND. 
Corporation  for  the  Relief  of  poor  and  distressed  Presbyterian  Ministers, 
and  poor  and  distressed  Widows  and  Children  of  Presbyterian  Ministers. 
R.  M.  Patterson,  M.D.,  Treasurer,  United  States  Mint,  Philadelphia. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  COMMITTEE. 

C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  Chairman,  Rev.  Wm.  A.  McDowell,  D.  D.,  Robert 
Soutter,  A.  W.  Mitchell.  M.D.,  A.  Symington. 

Address,  Office  of  the  Board  of  Missions,  No.  25  Sansom  street  Philadel- 
phia. 


MINUTES.  &c. 


RICHMOND,  May  20,  1847. 

The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America  met,  agreeably  to  appointment,  in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  city  of  Richmond,  on  Thursday  the  twentieth  of  May,  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord  1847,  at  eleven  o'clock,  A.  M.;  and  was  opened  wilh  a  sermon  by  the 
Rev.  Charles  Hodge,  D.  D.,  Moderator  of  the  last  Assembly,  from  1  Cor.  ix. 
14,  "  Even  so  hath  the  Lord  ordained,  that  they  which  preach  the  gospel 
should  live  of  the  gospel." 

After  the  sermon,  the  Moderator  took  the  chair,  and  opened  the  sessions 
with  prayer. 

The  Permanent  Clerk,  from  the  Standing  Committee  on  Commissions,  re- 
ported that  the  following  persons  present*  had  been  duly  appointed,  and  are 
hereby  enrolled  as  Commissioners  to  this  General  Assembly;  and  their  com- 
missions were  laid  on  the  table  accordingly,  viz. 


I.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  ALBANY. 


PRESBYTERIES. 

Londonderry, 

Troy, 

Albany, 

Columbia, 


Ogdensburgh. 
Steuben, 
Wyoming. 
Buffalo  City. 


Hudson, 
North  River, 
Bedford, 
Long  Island, 
New  York, 

Nevj  York,  2d. 


MINISTERS. 

J.  M.  C.  Bartley. 
Joseph  B.  Eastman, 
Alexander  Proudfit, 
Albert  T.  Chester. 
J.  J.  Buck. 


RULING  ELDERS. 

Harvey  Valentine. 
S.  C.  Jackson. 


II.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  BUFFALO. 


E.  H.  Reinhart, 


Anson  P.  Waterman. 


III.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  NEW  YORK. 

James  D.  Bull. 


James  Petrie, 

Samuel  H.  Jagger, 

Joseph  Nimmo, 

James  S.  Evans. 

Wm.  D.  Snodgrass,  D.  D. 

John  C.  Lowrie, 

Hugh  S.  Carpenter. 


Benjamin  Tyler. 
Thomas  R.  Lee.  (2) 

James  H.  Reeve. 
James  T.  Soulier. 


*  A  figure  affixed  to  a  name  denotes  the  day  of  the  member's  appearance  and  enrolment. 
Vol.  XI.— 39 


370 


MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

IV.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  NEW  JERSEY. 


PEESBYTERIES. 

Elizabethtown, 

New  Brunswick, 

West  Jersey, 
Newton, 

Raritan, 

Susquehanna, 

Luzerne, 

V. 

Philadelphia, 
Philadelphia,  2d. 
Newcastle, 
Donegal, 
Baltimore, 

Carlisle, 

Huntingdon, 

Northumberland, 


MINISTERS. 

Wm.  H.  Hornblower. 
Wm.  B.  Barton. 
Charles  Hodge,  D.  D. 
Jacob  J.  Janeway,  D.  D. 
Jacob  W.  E.  Ker, 
D.  X.  Junkin, 
John  Gray,  D.  D. 
J.  H.  Sherwood, 
Samuel  F.  Colt, 
Thomas  P.  Hunt. 


RULING  ELDERS, 


Francis  A.  Ewing,  M.  D. 
Samuel  M.  Hamill,  (6) 

P.  F.  Eilenberger. 
Thomas  McKeen. 
A.  W.  Dunham. 


OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


Thomas  L.  Janeway, 
James  M.  Harlow, 
Samuel  L.  Gailey, 
Stephen  Boyer, 
John  P.  Carter, 
Robert  T.  Berry, 
James  C.  Watson, 
O.  O.  McClean, 
John  Peebles, 
James  S.  Woods, 
John  P.  Hudson, 


Blairsville, 

Redstone, 
Ohio, 

Alleghany, 
Beaver, 
Erie, 
Clarion, 


Washington, 
St.  Clairsville, 
Steubenville, 
New  Lisbon, 


Columbus, 

Marion, 

Zanesville, 

Richland, 

Wooster, 

Coshocton, 

Hocking, 


Chilicothe, 

Miami, 

Cincinnati, 

Oxford, 

Sidney, 

Maumee. 


VI.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF 

John  Caruthers, 
Anderson  B.  Quay, 
James  Davis, 
E.  P.  Swift,  D.  D. 
Samuel  Fulton, 
Loyal  Young. 
Isaac  M.  Cook, 
James  Coulter. 
James  Montgomery. 


James  N.  Dickson. 
Isaac  Vanarsdalen. 
Samuel  Ross. 
E.  M.  Donnaldson. 
J.  N.  Brown, 
James  McVean.  (4) 
Andrew  L.  Coyle.  (2) 
John  Boggs,  M.  D.  (3) 
John  Ker, 
Hugh  Alexander. 
Samuel  Brugler. 

PITTSBURGH. 

Robert  Carothers. 
Thomas  Laughlin. 
Hugh  Campbell,  M.  D. 
Luke  Loomis. 
Richard  Donaldson. 

John  Carothers. 


VII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  WHEELING. 

James  Fleming,  James  McFerne, 

James  Kerr,  John  Lyle. 


Wm.  T.  Adams, 

A.  O.  Patterson,  D.  D. 


John  S.  Hunter. 


VIII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  OHIO. 


Thomas  Moodie. 
Hon.  Wm.  Cooper. 


James  Hoge,  D.  D.  (3) 
P.  R.  Vanatta. 
M.  M.  Brown, 
John  Robinson. 
Wm.  McCandlish. 
Philo  M.  Semple. 
Moses  A.  Hoge. 


IX.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  CINCINNATI. 


Thomas  Wood  row, 
John  B.  Morton, 
Sayrs  Gazlay, 
Thomas  Whallon, 
J.  L.  Belville. 


John  M.  Johnston.(2) 
H.  L.  Brown. 
James  Johnston. 
N.  H.  Raymond. 


A.  D.  1847.] 


PRESBYTERIES. 

Salem, 

Vincennes, 

Madison, 

Craw/ordsville, 

Indianapolis, 


GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 
X.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  INDIANA. 


371 


MINISTERS. 


Henry  H.  Cambern, 
C.  K.  Thompson. 
J.  B.  Crowe. 
Wm.  F.  Ferguson.(3) 
Robert  Irwin. 


RULING  ELDERS. 

T.  V.  Thornton. 


XI.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  NORTHERN  INDIANA. 


Logansport, 

Michigan, 

Lake, 

Fort  Wayne. 


Kaskaskia. 

Sangamon. 

Schuyler, 

Palestine. 

Peoria, 

Iowa, 

Rock  River. 

Wisconsin, 


Missouri. 

St.  Louis, 

Palmyra, 

Potosi, 

Upper  Missouri. 


Edward  W.  Wright. 
P.  H.  Burghardt. 
Robert  R.  Wells. 


XII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  ILLINOIS. 


Thomas  S.  Vaill. 

Robert  Steel.  (2) 
F.  A.  Pratt. 

Aaron  L.  Lindsley. 

XIII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  MISSOURI. 


Thomas  Watson. 
Andrew  Greenlee. 
Asahel  Munson, 


Milton  L.  Cayce.  (2) 


XIV.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  KENTUCKY. 


Louisville, 
Muhlenburg, 
Transylvania, 
West  Lexington, 
Ebenezer, 
Bowling  Green, 


John  D.  Paxton,  D.D. 
Fielding  N.  Ewing. 

A.  A.  Hogue,  (2) 
Jacob  F.  Price, 
Ralph  Harris.  (3) 

B.  D.  Thomas. 


Wm.  Bell. 

Hogh  Hays. 
Waller  Bullock. 


XV.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  VIRGINIA. 


Greenbrier, 
Lexington, 
Winchester, 
West  Hanover, 

East  Hanover, 
Montgomery, 


Enoch  Thomas. 

James  Morrison, 

W.  M.  Atkinson,  D.D.(4)* 

Patrick  J.  Sparrow,  D.D. 

James  M.  Allen, 

Theodoric  Pryor, 

Robert  C.  Graham, 


David  Gilkeson. 
Wm.  H.  White. 
F.  B.  Watkins. 
Lilburn  R.  Railey. 
A.  G.  Mcllwaine. 
William  Wade. 


XVL  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Orange, 

Fayetteville, 

Concord, 


A.  G.  Hughes, 
Thomas  Lynch, 
Evander  McNair, 
Archibald  D.  Campbell, 
W.  W.  Pharr, 
E.  F.  Rockwell. 


James  Garland. 
Richard  V.  Watkins.(2) 
Robert  W.  Gibbs. 
Alex.  D.  McLean. 
Charles  W.  Harris. 


*  The  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Balch  on  the  fifth  day  took  the  seat  resigned  by  Dr.  Atkinson, 
agreeably  to  a  special  vote  of  the  Assembly. 


372 


MINUTES  OF  THE 


[A.D.  1847. 


XVII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  WEST  TENNESSEE. 


PRESBYTERIES. 

Holston. 

West  Tennessee, 

Nashville, 

Western  District, 

Knoxville, 

XVIII.  OF 
South  Carolina, 
Bethel, 
Harmony, 
Char  lest  071, 


MINISTERS. 

S.  A.  Hodgeman. 
Jesse  W.  Hume, 
P.  R.  Bland. 
A.  A.  Mathes. 


RULING  ELDERS. 


A.  W.  Putnam. 


XIX. 


Georgia, 
Hopewell, 
Flint  River, 
Florida. 
Cherokee, 


South  Alabama, 
Thiscaloosa, 
East  Alabama, 


THE  SYNOD  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 
Thomas  L.  McBryde,  Abraham  Walker. 

Win,  P.  Harrison,  Francis  H.  Simril. 

Win.  M.  Reid,  Samuel  E.  Wilson. 

J.  H.  Thornwell,  D.D.  G.  T.  Snowden. 

OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  GEORGIA. 

Charles  C.  Jones,  D.D.         H.  A.  Crane.(2) 
N.  Hoyt,  D.D.  Henry  Merrell. 

Win.  M.  Cunningham. 


A.  Y.  Lockridge,  C.  J.  Hooper. 

XX.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  ALABAMA. 

D.  C.  Houston. 
John  P.  Kerr. 
Norman  McLeod. 


Wm.  M.  Smythe, 
Robert  H.  Chapman, 
Wm.  H.  Mitchell, 


Mississippi, 

Louisiana, 

Clinton, 

Tombeckbee. 

Chickasaw. 

Arkansas. 

Indian, 

Brazos, 


P.  A.  Walker. 


XXI.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  MISSISSIPPI. 

Jerem.  Chamberlain,  D.D. 
E.  R.  Beadle,(2) 
Archy  B.  Lawrence. 
Angus  McCallum. 
Samuel  I.  Reid. 


J.  W.  Miller. 


XXII.  OF  THE  SYNOD  OF  NORTHERN  INDIA, 

In   connexion  with  the    General  Assembly  of   the   Presbyterian  Church  in   the 

United  States  of  America. 
Lodiana. 

Furrukhabad,  Henry  R.  Wilson. 

Allahabad. 

DELEGATES  FROM  CORRESPONDING  BODIES. 


General  Association  of 

Connecticut. 
Evangelical   Consocia- 
tion of  Rhode  Island. 
General  Association  of 

Massachusetts. 
General  Convention  of 

Vermont. 
General  Conference  of 

New  Hampshire. 
General  Conference  of 

Maine. 
General   Synod  of  the 

Reformed  Protestant 

Dutch  Church. 
General  Synod  of  the 

German   Reformed 

Church. 


Rev.  D.  L.  Partnelee. 


I 

>  Rev.  Harvey  F.  Leavitt. 


Rev.  Jacob  Schoonmaker,  D.D, 


A.D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  373 

The  Committee  further  reported  that  Mr.  William  H.  White,  Ruling  Elder, 
from  the  Presbytery  of  Winchester,  was  present  without  a  commission. 

The  Stated  Clerk  reported  that  he  had  received  official  information  of  the 
organization  of  the  Presbytery  of  Rock  River  by  the  Synod  of  Illinois,  and 
of  the  Presbytery  of  Knoxville  by  the  Synod  of  West  Tennessee,  whereupon 
it  was  on  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  said  Presbyteries  be  enrolled  accordingly,  and  the 
Commissioners  therefrom  be  admitted  to  then.-  seats. 

On  motion,  Messrs.  Barton,  Patterson,  Watson,  and  Morrison,  Ministers, 
and  Mcllwaine,  and  Evving,  Ruling  Elders,  were  appointed  a  Committee  of 
Elections,  to  whom  may  be  referred  all  defective  commissions. 

The  Rev.  James  H.  Thornwell,  D.D.,  was  elected  Moderator,  and  the  Rev. 
Patrick  J.  Sparrow,  D.D.,  Temporary  Clerk. 

On  motion,  the  reading  of  the  Rules  was  dispensed  with. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly,  during  its  present  sessions, 
meet  at  nine  o'clock,  A.  M.,  and  adjourn  at  one  o'clock,  P.  M. ;  and  meet  at 
four,  P.  M.,  and  adjourn  at  six,  P.  M. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned  until  four  o'clock  this  afternoon.  Closed 
with  prayer. 

THURSDAY  Afterx\oon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  the  following  additional  Commis- 
sioners, who  were  enrolled,  viz.  Harvey  Valentine,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the 
Presbytery  of  Troy ;  James  Petrie,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Hud- 
son ;  Samuel  Ross,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Newcastle  ;  John 
P.  Hudson,  Minister,  and  Samuel  Brugler,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery 
of  Northumberland  ;  A.  A.  Mathes,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Knox- 
ville ;  J.  J.  Buck,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Columbia;  Jacob  W.  E. 
Ker,  from  the  Presbytery  of  West  Jersey  ;  and  the  Rev.  Jacob  Schoon- 
maker,  a  Delegate,  from  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church. 

The  minutes  of  the  morning  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Elections  reported,  [recommending  that  William  H. 
White,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Winchester,  be  admitted  to  a 
seat,  satisfactory  evidence  having  been  received  of  his  election ;  and  their 
report  was  adopted. 

Five  hundred  copies  of  the  Roll  were  ordered  to  be  printed  for  the  use  of 
the  members. 

The  reports  of  the  Delegates  to  the  General  Convention  of  Vermont,  the 
General  Association  of  Connecticut,  and  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch 
Church,  were  read,  and  ordered  to  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

The  Docket  was  then  read,  and  the  several  items  called  up. 

Two  volumes  of  Minutes  of  the  General  Assembly  from  1789  to  1820, 
were  presented  by  the  Board  of  Publication  through  the  hands  of  the  Stated 
Clerk. 

On  motion,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  same  order  be  observed  in  hearing  the  reports  of  the 
different  Boards  as  was  observed  last  year;  viz. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  is  made  the  order  of  the  day 
for  10  o'clock  next  Monday  morning. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions,  for  10  o'clock  next  Tues- 
day morning. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education,  for  10  o'clock  next  Wednesday 
morning. 

39* 


374  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Publication,  for  10  o'clock  next  Thursday 
morning. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  Rector  and  Vestry  of  St.  James's 
church,  offering  the  use  of  said  church  for  religious  services,  at  the  pleasure 
of  the  Assembly.     On  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  Christian  courtesy  of  the  tender  be  acknowledged,  and 
the  matter  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Devotional  Exercises. 

On  motion,  it  was  made  the  order  of  the  day  for  4  o'clock  to-morrow  after- 
noon, to  hand  in  the  Narratives  of  the  State  of  Religion. 

The  Report  of  the  Directors  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  was 
read,  and  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs.  Swift,  John  Young, 
Caruthers,  Loomis,  and  Donaldson. 

On  motion,  it  was  made  the  order  of  the  day  for  10  o'clock  to-morrow 
morning,  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Western  Theolo- 
gical Seminary. 

The  subject  of  a  new  Presbytery  to  be  erected  out  of  parts  of  the  Presby- 
teries of  Washington,  Greenbrier,  and  Redstone,  referred  to  this  Assembly 
from  the  last,  was,  on  motion,  committed  to  the  Commissioners  of  said  Pres- 
byteries. 

The  judicial  case  referred  to  this  Assembly  from  the  last,  viz.  the  Com- 
plaint of  Messrs.  Young  and  Coulter  against  the  Synod  of  Pittsburgh,  was 
dismissed,  information  having  been  given  that  the  matter  had  been  satisfac- 
torily adjusted. 

The  Assembly  then  proceeded  to  determine  the  place  of  meeting  of  the  next 
General  Assembly,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  next  Assembly  meet  in  the 
First  Presbyterian  church  in  the  city  of  Baltimore. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned. 

Concluded  with  prayer. 


FRIDAY  Morning,  May  21st. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

On  motion,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  calling  of  the  Roll  be  in  future  dispensed  with. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  the  following  additional  Com- 
missioners ;  viz.  Thomas  R.  Lee,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Bed- 
ford ;  Robert  Steel,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Peoria  ;  Thomas  P. 
Hunt,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Luzerne  ;  E.  R.  Beadle,  Minister, 
from  the  Presbytery  of  Louisiana  ;  Andrew  L.  Coyle,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the 
Presbytery  of  Carlisle ;  A.  A.  Hogue,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of 
Transylvania;  John  M.  Johnston,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of 
Chilicothe;  Richard  V.  Watkins,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of 
Orange ;  H.  A.  Crane,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Georgia. 

The  Committee  on  Elections  reported  that  Milton  L.  Cayce,  Ruling  Elder, 
from  the  Presbytery  of  Potosi,  had  furnished  satisfactory  evidence  of  his 
election  as  a  Commissioner,  and  recommended  his  enrolment ;  and  their  re- 
port was  adopted. 

The  Moderator  announced  the  appointment  of  the  following  Committees, 
viz : 

On  Bills  and  Overtures. — Messrs.  Hodge,  Pryor,  Patterson,  Hoyt,  Law- 
rence, Price,  McCandlish,  Chapman,  Snowden,  Johnston,  Ewing,  Thornton, 
Campbell,  Houston,  and  Reeve. 

Judicial  Committee. — Messrs.  J.  J.  Janeway,  Paxton,  Swift,  Junkin,  Mor- 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  375 

rison,Gazlay,  W.  M.  Reid,  Cooper,  Bullock,  Walker,  Mclhvaine,  Robert,  Ca- 
rothers,  and  John  P.  Ker. 

On  Foreign  Correspondence. — Messrs.  Jones,  T.  L.  Janeway,  Chamber- 
lain, Gilkeson,  and  E.  M.  Donaldson. 

On  the  Narrative. — Messrs.  Snodgrass,  Chester,  McNair,  Waterman,  and 
J.  N.  Brown. 

On  Leave  of  Absence. — Messrs.  Proudfit,  Watson,  Harrison,  Wilson,  and 
Loomis. 

On  Mileage. — Messrs.  Snowden,  Raymond,  and  Watkins. 

On  Finance. — Messrs.  Dixon,  Merrell,  Ross,  and  Garland. 

On  Devotional  Exercises. — Messrs.  Gray,  Lowrie,  McBryde,  Simril,  and 
Tyler. 

The  following  Committees  were  appointed  on  Synodical  Records,  viz. 

Albany. — Messrs.  Beadle,  Hume,  and  Hays. 

Buffalo. — Messrs.  McCallum,  Pharr,  and  Wade. 

New  York. — Messrs.  Cunningham,  R.  C.  Graham,  and  McFerren. 

New  Jersey. — Messrs.  Boyer,  Whallon,  and  Lyle. 

Philadelphia. — Messrs.  Moses  A.  Hoge,  Carpenter,  and  Jackson. 

Pittsburgh. — Messrs.  Cambern,  Berry,  and  Bell. 

Wheeling. — Messrs.  Harlow,  Wood  row,  and  Vanarsdalen. 

Ohio. — Messrs.  Irwin,  Vaill,  and  Alexander. 

Cincinnati. — Messrs.  Gailey,  Berghardt,  and  Laughlin. 

Indiana. — Messrs.  Vanatta,  James  Ker,  and  Brugler. 

Northern  Indiana. — Messrs.  L.  Young,  Bellville,  and  Richard  Donaldson. 

Illinois. — Messrs.  Adams,  Crowe,  and  Dunham. 

Missouri. — Messrs.  Robinson,  Montgomery,  and  Hunter. 

Kentucky. — Messrs.  Hudson,  Semple,  and  Moodie. 

Virginia. — Messrs.  Mitchell,  S.  J.  Reid,  and  A.  D.  McLean. 

North  Carolina. — Messrs.  Bellville,  Miller,  and  White. 

West  Tennessee. — Messrs.  Quay,  C.  K.  Thompson,  and  Lee. 

South  Carolina. — Messrs.  Watson,  Morton,  and  Eilenberger. 

Georgia. — Messrs.  Allen,  Rockwell,  and  McLeod. 

Alabama. — Messrs.  Lynch,  Bland,  and  Putman. 

Mississippi. — Messrs.  E.  Thomas,  Hughes,  and  Hooper. 

Several  copies  of  the  Minutes  of  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Pro- 
testant  Dutch  Church,  presented  by  that  body  to  this  Assembly,  were  laid  on 
the  table  by  the  Permanent  Clerk. 

The  Report  of  the  Delegate  to  the  General  Synod  of  the  German  Reformed 
Church  was  read,  and  ordered  to  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

A  communication  from  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  General  Assembly, 
announcing  the  decease  of  the  Rev.  William  Latta,  D.  D.  a  member  of  the 
Board,  was  read,  and  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs.  Hunt, 
Harlow,  and  Ross,  to  draft  a  suitable  minute. 

Matthew  Newkirk,  Esq.  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Gene- 
ral Assembly,  read  his  report,  which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Fi- 
nance. 

A  complaint  of  the  Rev.  James  Smylie  against  the  Presbytery  of  Louis- 
iana, and  the  Synod  of  Mississippi,  was  received  and  referred  to  the  Judicial 
Committee. 

Certain  Overtures  from  the  Presbytery  of  Luzerne,  were  received  and  refer- 
red to  the  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures. 

Letters  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Church  of  Ireland,  and  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  were  presented  by  the 
Stated  Clerk,  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Correspondence. 


376  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1647. 

Several  memorials  on  the  subject  of  a  Theological  Seminary,  were  re- 
ceived and  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures. 

An  appeal  of  the  Rev.  C.  Nicholl  from  a  decision  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Michigan,  was  referred  to  the  Judicial  Committee. 

The  Report  of  the  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  Maine  was  read, 
and  ordered  to  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

The  order  of  the  day  having  arrived  the  Assembly  proceeded  to  elect  Di- 
rectors for  the  Western  Theological  Seminary.  Messrs.  Campbell  and  Price 
were  appointed  to  receive  and  count  the  ballots,  when  it  appeared  that  the 
following  persons  were  elected,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  RULING  ELDERS. 

Rev.  Charles  C.  Beatty,  D.  D.  Harmar  Denny, 

Rev.  Samuel  McFarren,  D.  D.  Malcolm  Leech, 

Rev.  Loyal  Young,  J.  Schoonmaker. 

Rev.  Richard  Lea, 

Rev.  H.  Comingo, 

Rev.  J.  Stoneroad, 

Rev.  George  Hill, 

Rev.  George  Marshall,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  Robert  Dunlap. 

The  subject  of  the  Demission  of  the  Pastoral  Office,  referred  from  the  last 
Assembly,  was  committed  to  Messrs.  Junkin,  Pryor,  Hoyt,  Bullock,  and 
Snowden,  to  report  thereon  to  this  Assembly. 

Messrs.  Morrison,  Gray,  and  Ewing,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  nomi- 
nate delegates  to  corresponding  bodies. 

The  committee  on  a  new  Presbytery  to  be  formed  out  of  parts  of  Green- 
brier, Washington,  and  Redstone,  reported,  recommending  an  indefinite  post- 
ponement, and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  subject  of  the  formation  of  a  new  Synod  out  of  parts  of  the  Presby- 
teries of  Nashville,  West  Tennessee,  and  Muhlenburg,  referred  to  this  Assem- 
bly by  the  last,  was  called  up,  and  there  being  no  report  from  those  Presby- 
teries, was  dismissed. 

The  subject  of  the  formation  of  a  new  Synod,  composed  of  the  Presbyteries 
of  Western  District,  Chickasaw,  Arkansas,  and  Indian,  to  be  called  the 
Synod  of  Memphis,  referred  to  this  Assembly  by  the  last,  was  called  up,  and 
committed  to  Messrs.  Hume,  Bland,  Hodgeman,  Putnam,  and  Walker,  to 
report  thereon. 

The  memorial  of  the  Presbytery  of  Louisiana  on  the  power  of  Synods  to 
order  meetings  of  Presbyteries,  referred  to  this  Assembly  by  the  last,  was 
taken  up,  and  committed  to  the  Committee  of  Bills  and  Overtures. 

The  report  of  the  Directors  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  was  read, 
and  referred  to  Messrs.  Robert  C.  Graham,  Pharr,  and  Harris. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  monies  reported  by  the  different  Presbyteries  designa- 
ted as  the  Commissioners'  Fund,  be  distributed  in  accordance  with  the  origi- 
nal design  of  raising  such  monies,  and  be  apportioned  to  all  the  delegates  of 
the  Assembly  who  shall  claim  them,  in  proportion  to  the  distance  travelled. 

A  substitute  was  offered  for  this  resolution,  and  after  discussion,  the  whole 
subject  was  indefinitely  postponed. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 

FRIDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 
The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 
The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 
The  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures  reported  Overture  No.  1.    An 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  377 

overture  from  the  Synod  of  New  Jersey,  respecting  the  appointment  of  a 
separate  Board  for  the  establishment  of  Parochial  Schools,  or  a  reference  of 
the  subject  to  the  Board  of  Education.  The  Committee  recommended  the 
following  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  as  it  appears  from  page  216  of  the  Minutes  of  the  last 
Assembly,  this  whole  subject  was  committed  to  the  Board  of  Education,  no 
further  action  is  at  this  time  called  for  in  relation  to  it. 

Overture  No.  2.  Memorials  from  several  Presbyteries  in  reference  to  the 
removal  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  from  its  present  location  to 
New  Albany.  The  Committee  recommended  the  following  resolution  which 
was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  inexpedient  for  the  Assembly  to  take  any  action  on 
this  subject. 

Overture  No.  3.  Memorials  from  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Louis  respecting 
the  German  population  within  their  bounds,  and  requesting  that  the  General 
Assembly  would  "  empower  the  Board  of  Missions  to  open  a  correspondence 
with  ministers  or  missionary  societies  in  Germany,  of  approved  piety  and 
sound  doctrinal  views,  with  reference  to  the  practicability  of  obtaining  suita- 
ble ministers  to  labour  under  their  care  amongst  the  German  population  of 
our  country;  and  that  they  be  empowered  to  employ  any  foreign  minister  as 
a  missionary  so  soon  as  he  shall  have  been  regularly  received  as  a  proba- 
tioner and  recommended  by  any  one  of  our  Presbyteries."  The  Committee 
recommended  the  following  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  not  expedient  for  the  Assembly  to  grant  to  the  Board 
of  Missions  the  authority  prayed  for  in  their  behalf,  in  the  above  memorial 
by  the  Presbytery  of  St.  Louis. 

Overture  No.  4.  An  overture  from  the  Presbytery  of  Miami,  inquiring, 
"  where  one  minister  is  supplying  two  congregations,  in  one  of  which  he  la- 
bours as  installed  pastor  and  in  the  other  as  stated  supply,  has  each  of  these 
congregations  a  right  to  be  represented  by  a  ruling  elder  at  the  same  meeting 
of  Presbytery?"  The  Committee  recommended  the  following  resolution, 
which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  question  be  answered  in  the  affirmative. 

Overture  No.  5.  An  overture  from  the  Synod  of  Mississippi,  asking 
"When  two  or  more  congregations  have  separately  called  one  and  the 
same  minister  to  become  the  pastor  of  each  church,  and  he  accepts  these 
calls,  and  is  installed  over  these  congregations  as  pastor,  are  these  churches 
entitled  to  one  or  more  elders  to  represent  them  in  Presbytery?"  The  Com- 
mittee recommended  the  following  resolution,  which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  question  be  answered  in  the  negative. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  draft  a  minute  in  reference  to  the  death  of 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Latta,  reported  the  following,  which  was  approved,  viz. 

"  While  the  Assembly  acknowledge  the  apparent  loss  of  the  church  mili- 
tant in  the  decease  of  the  Rev.  William  Latta,  D.D.,  they  would  rejoice,  that 
from  the  purity,  loveliness,  and  faithfulness  exhibited  in  his  life ;  the  pru- 
dence, humility,  and  firmness  by  which  he  secured  the  confidence  of  the 
church  and  congregation  in  which  he  laboured  so  successfully  as  settled  pas- 
tor, for  nearly  half  a  century,  (from  1798  to  1847);  and  from  his  signally 
triumphant  death,  there  is  abundant  reason  to  believe  that  he  has  been  re- 
moved to  a  higher  sphere  of  duty  and  employment  in  the  presence  of  God 
and  the  Lamb. 

"  Resolved  further,  That  a  certified  copy  of  the  above  minute  be  sent  to 
the  family  of  the  deceased." 

Agreeably  to  the  order  of  the  day,  the  Narratives  on  the  State  of  Religion 
were  handed  in. 


378  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

A  request  of  the  Synod  of  Pittsburgh  desiring  to  have  a  discrepancy  be- 
tween the  written  record  entered  on  their  minutes  in  1843,  and  the  printed 
minutes  of  the  same  year,  was  referred  to  the  Stated  Clerk  for  adjustment. 

The  Committee  on  the  formation  of  a  new  Synod  reported,  and  their  re- 
port was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows :  viz. 

The  Committee  on  the  formation  of  a  new  Synod  to  be  composed  of  the 
Presbyteries  of  Western  District,  Chickasaw,  Arkansas,  and  Indian,  referred 
by  the  last  General  Assembly  to  the  Synods  of  West  Tennessee  and  Missis- 
sippi, report,  that  agreeably  to  the  direction  of  that  Assembly,  the  reports  of 
the  said  Synods  have  been  sent  up,  and  that  both  Synods,  as  well  as  all  the 
Presbyteries  concerned,  are  favourable  to  the  proposed  arrangement.  The 
Committee  therefore  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  following  resolutions,  viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  a  new  Synod  be  and  hereby  is  erected,  to  be  called  the 
Synod  of  Memphis,  and  to  be  composed  of  the  Presbyteries  of  Western  Dis- 
trict, Chickasaw,  Arkansas,  and  Indian. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Synod  of  Memphis  hold  its  first  meeting  in  Mem- 
phis, Tennessee,  on  the  third  Thursday  of  October,  1847,  at  seven  o'clock, 
P.  M.,  and  be  opened  with  a  sermon  by  the  Rev.  G.  W.  Coons,  or  in  case  of 
his  absence  or  inability  to  act,  by  the  oldest  minister  present,  who  shall  pre- 
side until  a  Moderator  be  chosen. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.    Concluded  with  prayer. 


SATURDAY  Morning,  May  22. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  the  following  additional  Commis- 
sioners, viz.  William  F.Ferguson,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Crawfords- 
ville ;  James  Hoge,  D.D.,  Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Columbus ;  John 
Boggs,  M.D.,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Carlisle;  Ralph  Harris, 
Minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Ebenezer. 

The  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures,  reported  Overture  No.  6.  A  re- 
quest from  the  Presbyteries  of  Greenbrier  and  Western  District,  that  the 
Assembly  would  send  down  to  the  Presbyteries  some  overture  with  the  de- 
sign of  reducing  the  number  of  delegates  to  this  body;  and  a  request  from 
the  Presbytery  of  Zanesville,  that  the  plan  of  Synodical  delegates  should  be 
submitted  to  the  Presbyteries.  The  Committee  recommended  the  following 
resolution,  which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  not  expedient  to  refer  to  the  Presbyteries  any  measure 
having  for  its  object  the  alteration  of  the  existing  ratio  of  representation. 

Overture  No.  7.  A  Memorial  from  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore,  request- 
ing the  Assembly  to  appoint  a  large  committee  to  take  into  consideration  the 
propriety  of  devising  and  executing  some  plan  for  the  erection  of  a  place  of 
worship  in  the  city  of  Washington.  The  Committee  recommended  the  fol- 
lowing resolution,  which  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  prayer  of  this  memorial  be  granted,  and  that  a  com- 
mittee be  appointed  to  whom  the  papers  relating  to  this  subject  shall  be  re- 
ferred. 

Overture  No.  8.  Memorials  from  the  Synods  of  Pittsburg  and  Wheeling, 
relating  to  Christian  Union.  The  Committee  recommended  that  these  memo- 
rials be  placed  on  the  docket,  which  was  done. 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the  last  Assembly  to  report  to  the  present  on 
the  right  of  judicatories  to  appoint  judicial  commissions,  reported  through 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  379 

their  chairman,  Dr.  Hodge;  and  the  report  was  made  the  order  of  the  day 
for  Monday  afternoon,  at  4  o'clock. 

The  Board  of  Education,  appointed  by  the  last  Assembly  to  report  from 
time  to  time  on  the  subject  of  Parochial  Schools,  reported  through  their  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  Dr.  Van  Rensselaer ;  and  their  report  was  referred  to 
a  special  committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Hodge,  Jones,  and  Janeway,  and 
Messrs.  Snowden  and  Mcllwaine. 

The  committee  on  nominating  delegates  to  foreign  ecclesiastical  bodies, 
submitted  the  following  nominations,  which  were  confirmed  by  the  Assem- 
bly, viz. 

To  the  General  Association  of  Connecticut. — Rev.  Robert  Davidson, 
D.  D.,  principal;  and  Rev.  A.  B.  Lawrence,  alternate. 

To  the  Evangelical  Consociation  of  Rhode  Island. — Rev.  Sayrs  Gazlay, 
principal;  and  Rev.  T.  S.  Vaill,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Association  of  Massachusetts. — Rev.  D.  X.  Junkin,  prin- 
cipal; and  Rev.  Ellbridge  Bradbury,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Association  of  New  Hampshire. — Rev.  Robert  Steel, 
D.  D.  principal;  and  Rev.  Rufus  Taylor,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Convention  of  Vermont. — Rev.  B.  M.  Smith,  principal ; 
and  Rev.  S.  I.  Prime,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Conference  of  Maine. — Rev.  Thomas  B.  Bradford,  prin- 
cipal; and  Rev.  Jonathan  Greenleaf,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Synod  of  the  Protestant  Reformed  Dutch  Church. — 
Rev.  David  Elliott,  principal;  and  Rev.  John  Hall,  alternate. 

To  the  General  Synod  of  the  German  Reformed  Church. — Rev.  Thomas 
L.  Janeway,  principal;  and  Rev.  Willis  Lord,  alternate. 

The  Judicial  Committee  reported  case  No.  3,  as  in  order;  and  the  consi- 
deration of  it  was  made  the  order  of  the  day  for  next  Tuesday  afternoon,  at 
four  o'clock. 

The  committee  on  the  report  of  the  Directors  of  the  Union  Theological 
Seminary,  reported,  recommending  its  approval,  and  publication  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

The  Rev.  D.  L.  Parmelee,  delegate  from  the  General  Association  of  Con- 
necticut, and  the  Rev.  Jacob  Schoonmaker,  D.  D.,  delegate  from  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church,  made  statements  in  regard  to  the  state  of  religion  within  the 
bounds  of  those  respective  bodies. 

The  Committee  on  Devotional  Exercises,  reported,  recommending  that  a 
prayer  meeting  be  held  by  the  Assembly,  on  the  afternoon  of  Wednesday 
next,  at  four  o'clock,  and  that  the  following  be  the  order  of  exercises,  viz. 

1.  A  statement  of  the  object  of  the  meeting  and  invocation,  by  the  Mode- 
rator. 

2.  Reading  of  the  Scriptures  and  Psalmody,  by  the  Rev.  James  Morrison. 

3.  Address  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hoge. 

4.  Prayer,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Janeway. 

5.  Address,  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Leavitt. 

6.  Psalmody,  by  the  Rev.  Jacob  F.  Price. 

7.  Prayer,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hoyt. 

8.  Psalmody  and  Benediction,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Jones. 

The  Committee  further  reported,  that,  agreeably  to  request,  they  have 
appointed  supplies  for  the  following  churches,  First,  Second,  Fourth,  and 
Grace-street  Baptist  churches ;  Centennary,  Asbury,  Trinity,  and  Manches- 
ter, Methodist  Episcopal  churches;  United,  Pole  Green,  Rocketts,  First  and 
Second  Presbyterian  churches;  and  St.  James,  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

They  also  recommended  that  the  Sermon  on  Popery,  ordered  by  the  last 
Assembly,  be  preached  in  this  church  on  Wednesday  night,  by  the  Rev.  Dr. 


380  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

Thornwell.  2.  That  the  Rev.  Thomas  P.  Hunt  preach  in  this  church  this 
evening,  on  the  subject  of  temperance.  3.  That  during  the  next  week,  in 
order  to  meet  the  desires  of  the  Christian  community  and  visitors,  divine 
worship  be  celebrated  daily,  either  at  11  o'clock,  A.  M.,  or  A\,  P.  M.  alter- 
nating between  the  United  Presbyterian  and  St.  James  Episcopal  churches, 
which  have  been  kindly  proffered  for  that  purpose.  4.  The  Committee  fur- 
ther suggested  the  propriety  of  the  Assembly's  celebration  of  the  Sacrament 
of  the  Lord's  Supper  in  this  church,  on  the  morning  of  Sabbath,  the  30th 
instant. 

All  which  was  approved. 

The  Stated  and  Permanent  Clerks,  to  whom  was  referred  by  the  last 
Assembly,  the  overture  from  West  Hanover  Presbytery,  respecting  the  sta- 
tistical tables,  reported  as  follows,  viz. 

That  they  are  unable  to  devise  any  plan  which  in  theory  can  be  better 
than  that  we  have  in  our  ecclesiastical  organization.  If  church  Sessions  and 
Presbyteries  will  perform  their  duties  in  the  matter,  our  statistics  will  be  accu- 
rate and  complete;  if  they  will  not,  this  desirable  object  cannot  be  attained 
by  any  method  the  committee  can  suggest.  The  committee,  however,  think 
it  would  be  useful,  should  the  Assembly  direct  the  Slated  Clerks  of  Presby- 
teries, where  churches  omit  to  report  the  number  of  their  communicants  at 
any  time,  to  insert  in  the  Presbyterial  statistics,  the  number  in  the  last  reports 
of  such  churches. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

The  Moderator  announced  the  following  committee  on  Overture  No.  7,  the 
erection  of  a  church  in  the  city  of  Washington,  viz.  Drs.  Snodgrass  and 
Swift,  and  Messrs.  Pryor,  J.  N.  Brown,  and  Dickson. 

The  majority  of  the  Committee  on  the  Records  of  Pittsburgh  presented  a 
report,  which  was  received  and  laid  on  the  table. 

Overture  No.  8,  on  Christian  Union,  was  taken  up,  and  referred  to  a  select 
committee,  consisting  of  Drs.  Hoge  and  Paxton,  and  Messrs.  Allen,  Houston, 
and  Ewing. 

The  committee  appointed  on  the  records  of  the  Synod  of  Albany,  reported, 
that  they  have  examined  the  same,  and  do  not  find  them  kept  as  correctly 
and  neatly  as  such  important  records  should  be.  Important  words  are  some- 
times omitted,  and  frequent  interlineations  and  erasures  occur;  with  these 
exceptions,  the  committee  recommended  approval  to  bottom  of  page  249. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  records  of  the  Synod  of  Illinois,  reported  that  they 
are  not  present,  and  were  discharged. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned  till  Monday  morning  at  nine  o'clock. 

Concluded  with  praise  aud  prayer. 


MONDAY  Morning,  May  24. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  as  an  additional  Commissioner, 
James  McVean,  ruling  elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore. 

The  Committees  on  the  records  of  the  Synods  of  New  York  and  of  New 
Jersey  reported,  recommending  approval,  and  their  reports  were  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  records  of  the  Synod  of  Missouri  reported,  and 
their  report  was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"  The  Committee  on  the  minutes  of  the  Synod  of  Missouri  report,  that 
these  records  are  neatly  kept,  and  with  the  following  remarks  recommend 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  391 

that  they  be  approved.  1.  The  pages  are  not  numbered.  2.  Too  many- 
words  are  abbreviated.  3.  An  important  omission  of  the  Clerk  is  merely 
sealed  in  upon  a  separate  slip  of  paper,  which  will  inevitably  be  ultimately 
lost." 

The  Reports  of  the  Directors  and  Trustees  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at 
Princeton  were  read,  and  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs.  Berrv, 
Ilornblower,  and  McVean. 

The  minority  report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of 
Pittsburgh  was  read  and  laid  on  the  table. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Wheeling  reported,  recom- 
mending their  approval;  and  the  report  was  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Ohio  reported  as  follows,  viz. 

"  That  they  are  not  as  carefully  and  neatly  kept  as  they  should  be.  Fre- 
quent interlineations  and  erasures  occur.  With  these  exceptions  we  recom- 
mend their  approval."     The  report  was  adopted. 

The  Judicial  Committee  reported  Case  No.  2,  which  was  received  and  laid 
on  the  table. 

The  order  of  the  day  having  arrived,  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions  was  presented,  and  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Patterson,  Wilson,  and  Harris. 

The  Committee  on  Demissions  reported,  and  on  motion  their  report  was 
recommitted  with  instructions;  Dr.  Hoge  being  added  to  the  committee. 

The  reports  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Pittsburgh  were  taken  up  and 
read.  The  majority  report  is  as  follows,  viz.  "  The  committee  to  whom  the 
minutes  of  the  Synod  of  Pittsburgh  were  committed,  would  report  that  they 
have  examined  the  same,  and  find  them  regularly  and  neatly  kept;  and 
would  recommend  their  approval." 

The  report  of  the  minority  is  as  follows,  viz.  "The  minority  of  the  com- 
mittee on  the  records  of  the  Synod  of  Pittsburgh  recommend  that  they  be 
approved,  with  the  exception  of  the  censure  passed  on  the  Presbytery  of  Red- 
stone, p.  284,  for  their  disapproval  of  the  action  of  the  session  of  Morgan- 
town  in  nominating  two  persons  to  the  office  of  ruling  elder  in  this  congre- 
gation; and  recommend  that  the  judgment  of  the  Synod  be  reversed,  and 
that  the  following  resolution  be  adopted,  to  wit : 

Resolved,  That  in  the  judgment  of  the  Assembly  the  nomination  by  the 
session  of  persons  to  the  office  of  ruling  elder  or  deacon,  is  contrary  to  Form 
of  Government,  chap.  13,  sect.  2d,  which  says,  'Every  congregation  shall 
elect  persons  to  the  office  of  ruling  elder  or  deacon  in  the  mode  most  ap- 
proved and  in  use  in  that  congregation,'  and  is  inconsistent  with  the  freedom 
of  elections." 

On  motion,  the  report  of  the  majority  was  adopted  as  the  sense  of  the 
Assembly;  and  the  whole  ordered  to  be  entered  on  the  Minutes. 

The  Judicial  Committee  reported  as  in  order  Case  No.  3,  being  an  appeal 
and  complaint  of  the  Rev.  G.  Nicoll  against  a  decision  of  the  Synod  of  Nor- 
thern Indiana,  confirming  a  decision  of  the  Presbytery  of  Michigan,  deposing 
the  said  Nicoll  from  the  office  of  the  gospel  ministry. 

On  motion,  the  complaint  was  dismissed  on  the  ground  of  the  irregularity 
of  the  complainant. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  West  Tennessee  reported, 
and  their  report  was  adopted  and  is  as  follows,  viz  :  "  The  Committee  on  the 
Records  of  the  Synod  of  West  Tennessee  report,  that  the  document  presented 
to  your  committee  is  not  the  original  book  of  records,  but  purports  to  be  a 
true  copy  from  the  original  record  under  the  hand  of  the  Stated  Clerk.  Ac- 
companying this  report  is  a  letter  from  the  Clerk,  urging  the  acceptance  of 
the  transcript,  on  the  ground  of  a  standing  rule  of  the  Assembly  authorizing 
Vol.  XI.— 40 


382  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

the  reception  of  a  transcript  when  the  original  cannot  be  transmitted.  Your 
committee  are  not  aware  of  such  a  standing  rule,  and  are  of  opinion  that  the 
document  produced  does  not  come  up  to  the  requirement  of  the  constitution. 
Your  committee  therefore  cannot  report  as  to  the  manner  in  which  the  re- 
cords are  kept.  Your  committee  recommend  that  the  Synod  of  West  Ten- 
nessee be  required  to  produce  their  original  book  of  records  for  examination 
at  the  next  General  Assembly. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Mississippi  reported,  re- 
commending their  approval  to  page  97,  with  the  remark  that  they  are  not  as 
neatly  kept  as  records  of  such  importance  should  be.  The  report  was 
adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Philadelphia  reported,  re- 
commending their  approval,  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Georgia  reported,  that  said 
records  had  not  been  placed  in  their  hands;  and  they  were  accordingly  dis- 
charged. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned,     Concluded  with  prayer. 

MONDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  as  an  additional  commissioner, 
William  M.  Atkinson,  D.  D.  minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Winchester. 

On  motion,  The  order  of  the  day  was  suspended  to  allow  the  Rev.  Har- 
vey F.  Leavitt,  delegate  from  the  General  Convention  of  Vermont,  to  make 
a  statement  in  regard  to  the  state  of  religion  within  the  bounds  of  that  body. 

The  order  of  the  day  was  then  taken  up,  and  the  report  of  the  committee 
appointed  by  the  last  Assembly  on  the  power  of  ecclesiastical  bodies  to  ap- 
point commissions  to  decide  finally  in  judicial  cases,  was  read. 

Pending  the  discussion  the  hour  of  adjournment  arrived. 

The  Committee  on  Devotional  Exercises  reported,  recommpnding  that  a  ser- 
mon be  preached  in  this  church  on  Thursday  night,  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hodge, 
on  the  subject  of  Parochial  Schools ;  and  on  Friday  night  by  the  Rev.  C.  C. 
Jones,  D.  D.  of  Georgia,  on  the  subject  of  the  religious  instruction  of  the 
coloured  population  of  the  Southern  States.     The  report  was  adopted. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 


TUESDAY  Morning,  May  25. 

The  Assembly  met  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  given  leave  to 
the  Rev.  P.  R.  Bland. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Kentucky  reported,  recom- 
mending approval ;  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Atkinson,  of  the  Presbytery  of  Winchester,  stated  to  the 
Assembly  that  owing  to  peculiar  circumstances,  he  had  taken  his  seat  as 
alternate,  but  that  the  principal  having  arrived,  he  desired  to  resign  the  seat 
to  him. 

On  motion,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  peculiar  circumstances  of  the  case  this  re- 
quest be  granted,  and  that  the  name  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  B.  Balch  be  insert- 
ed on  the  roll  in  the  place  of  Dr.  Atkinson ; 

Which  was  accordingly  done. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  383 

The  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures  reported  Overtures,  Nos.  10,  11, 
and  12;  which  were  placed  on  the  docket. 

The  Committee  on  Finance  presented  a  report,  which  was  approved,  and  is 
as  follows,  viz. 

"  The  papers  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Finance  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly, are  the  following,  viz.  The  Report  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Trustees, 
showing  the  amount  of  receipts  and  expenditures  for  the  year  ending  May  1st 
1847.  An  account  of  the  stocks,  &c.  owned  by  the  Assembly,  with  a  bal- 
ance sheet  from  the  ledger  of  the  Treasurer;  also  a  paper  showing  the  sev- 
eral items  which  make  the  balance  of  cash  on  hand.  Upon  these  documents 
the  committee  respectfully  report  that  the  Treasurer's  account  has  been  regu- 
larly audited.  The  whole  amount  received  by  the  Treasurer  from  May  1st 
1846  to  May  1st  1847,  was  810,380.80;  making,  together  with  83,867.49, 
the  balance  on  hand  at  the  time  of  the  last  report,  the  sum  of  814,248.29. 
The  expenditures  during  the  year  have  amounted  to  813,113.58,  leaving  a 
balance  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year,  of 
81134.71.  The  Treasurer's  books  are  neatly,  and  so  far  as  we  can  judge, 
correctly  kept ;  his  report  above  referred  to  is  herewith  returned  and  marked 
(A).  The  paper  marked  (B)  is  a  tabular  statement  of  the  investments  made 
by  the  Trustees,  the  par  value  of  the  several  stocks,  the  last  year's  estimate 
of  the  value  of  each  investment,  and  their  respective  value  on  the  1st  of  May 
inst.  The  estimated  value  of  the  amount  invested  in  stocks,  as  reported  to 
the  General  Assembly  of  last  year,  was  879,032.88.  The  estimated  value 
of  these  stocks  at  this  time  is  879,887.08,  showing  an  improvement  during 
the  year  of  8354.20.  The  several  amounts  of  money  otherwise  invested 
upon  accustomed  securities  are  all  productive  of  regular  income,  with  the 
exception  of  85000,  upon  the  bond  of  Josiah  Hall,  which  amount  is  in  pro- 
cess of  collection  by  due  course  of  law.  The  income  of  the  General  As- 
sembly from  its  several  investments  has  improved  during  the  last  year;  the 
amount  of  increase  is  81422.11. 

The  paper  marked  (C)  is  a  balance  sheet  from  the  ledger  of  the  Treasu- 
rer ;  the  paper  marked  (D)  shows  the  several  items  making  the  cash  balance 
in  his  hands;  and  the  paper  marked  (E)  is  a  report  of  income  during  the 
last  year  as  derived  from  the  several  investments.  We  would  recommend 
that  the  aforesaid  papers,  marked  A,  B,  C,  D,  and  E,  be  printed  in  the  Ap- 
pendix to  the  Minutes. 

Your  committee  is  not  sufficiently  conversant  with  the  state  of  the  stock- 
market  to  make  any  suggestions  to  the  General  Assembly  in  regard  to  a 
change  in  any  of  its  investments.     All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted." 

The  report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  was 
read,  and  referred  to  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  Swift,  Paxton,  and 
Campbell. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  That  the  Treasurer  and  the  Stated  Clerk,  in  con- 
nexion with  the  Committee  of  Finance,  be  a  committee  to  report  to  this  house 
a  plan  to  increase  the  contingent  fund  of  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Virginia  reported,  recom- 
mending approval ;  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  unfinished  business  of  yesterday  was  then  taken  up,  and  considered, 
until  it  was  arrested  by  the  arrival  of  the  order  of  the  day. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Missions  was  accordingly  read  by  the  Cor- 
responding Secretary,  the  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  A.  McDowell ;  and  on  motion,  was 
referred  to  a  special  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Snodgrass,  Chamber- 
lain, Price,  James  Johnston,  and  Cayce. 

On  motion,  it  was  made  the  order  of  the  day  for  to-morrow  morning  at 


384  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

9|  o'clock,  to  elect  members  to  fill  up  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Missions; 
and  the  Assembly  proceeded  to  receive  nominations  for  the  purpose. 

On  motion,  the  action  of  the  Synod  of  Virginia,  contained  in  their  records, 
on  Christian  Union,  was  referred  to  the  committee  appointed  to  report  on  that 
subject. 

On  motion,  it  was  made  the  second  order  of  the  day  for  to-morrow  morn- 
ing, to  elect  members  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  ;  and 
the  Assembly  proceeded  to  receive  nominations  for  the  purpose. 

The  Committee  on  Foreign  Correspondence  reported  an  answer  to  the 
letter  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  and  an 
answer  to  the  letter  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Ireland,  which  were  read,  and  on  motion,  laid  on  the  table  for  the  present. 

The  unfinished  business  was  resumed. 

On  motion,  the  original  resolution  recommended  by  the  committee  on  the 
subject  of  the  power  of  ecclesiastical  bodies  to  appoint  Judicial  commissions, 
was  laid  on  the  table  to  take  up  the  following,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  resolution  declaring  it  to  be  "  contrary  to  the  constitu- 
tion and  uniform  practice  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States, 
for  any  ecclesiastical  judicatory  to  appoint  a  commission  to  determine  judi- 
cially any  case  whatever,"  referred  by  the  last  Assembly  to  this  Assembly, 
be  indefinitely  postponed. 

After  some  discussion,  the  whole  subject  was,  on  motion,  indefinitely  post- 
poned. 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  report  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, made  a  report,  which  was  read  and  put  on  the  docket. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 

TUESDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Bills  and  Overtures  reported  Overtures,  Nos.  13,  14, 
and  15,  which  were  received  and  put  on  the  docket. 

The  order  of  the  day  was  then  taken  up,  being  Judicial  case  No.  1,  a  Com- 
plaint against  a  decision  of  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  confirming  a 
decision  of  the  Presbytery  of  Fayetteville,  restoring  the  Rev.  Archibald 
McQueen  to  the  functions  of  the  gospel  ministry. 

The  Moderator  solemnly  reminded  the  Assembly  of  their  high  character 
as  judges  of  a  court  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  important  duty  in  which  they 
were  about  to  act. 

The  report  of  the  Judicial  committee  in  this  case,  in  regard  to  the  order  to 
be  observed,  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"  I.  The  complaint  against  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina.  2.  The  minutes 
of  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina.  3.  The  complaint  against  the  Presbytery 
of  Fayetteville.  4.  Extracts  from  the  minutes  of  the  Presbytery  of  Fayette- 
ville. The  committee  recommend  that  if  the  General  Assembly  shall  de- 
cide to  take  up  the  complaint,  they  should  observe  the  constitutional  rules  laid 
down  for  conducting  a  regular  appeal  from  a  decision  of  an  inferior  court." 

The  reading  of  the  papers  was  at  this  point  arrested  by  the  following  reso- 
lution, viz. 

Whereas  the  General  Assembly  of  1845  remitted  the  question  of  the  re- 
storation of  Mr.  McQueen  to  the  privileges  and  responsibilities  of  church 
fellowship  and  the  gospel  ministry,  to  the  discretion  of  the  Fayetteville  Pres- 
bytery, therefore 

Resolved,  That  the  complaint  of  the  Rev.  Colin  Mclver  against  the  decision 
of  said  Presbytery  and  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina  for  so  doing,  does  not 
lie,  and  is  accordingly  dismissed. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  385 

After  some  debate,  this  resolution  was  laid  on  the  table  for  the  present, 
with  a  view  of  hearing  the  complaint. 

The  complaint  was  accordingly  read,  and  the  hour  of  adjournment  having 
arrived,  the  Assembly  adjourned  till  to-morrow  morning. 

Concluded  with  prayer. 


WEDNESDAY  Morning,  May  26. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Elections  reported  as  an  additional  commissioner, 
Samuel  M.  Hammill,  Ruling  Elder,  from  the  Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick, 
who  took  his  seat  accordingly. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  granted  leave 
to  Messrs.  Cambern  and  Boggs. 

The  Judicial  Committee  reported  as  in  order,  case  No.  4,  and  their  report 
was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"  The  Judicial  Committee  report,  that  they  have  received  and  examined  a 
complaint  of  the  Rev.  James  Smylie,  from  a  decision  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Louisiana  in  the  case  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Scott,  which  has  been  brought  in  a 
regular  manner  up  to  this  General  Assembly. 

The  complaint  was  first  presented  to  the  Synod  of  Mississippi,  who  recom- 
mended the  complainant,  if  he  could  not  conscientiously  withdraw  the  com- 
plaint, to  carry  it  up  to  the  General  Assembly.  Mr.  Smylie,  feeling  it  to  be 
his  duty  to  prosecute  his  complaint,  has  brought  it  up  to  this  supreme  judica- 
ture of  our  Church. 

There  are  three  ways  in  which  this  complaint  might  be  disposed  of. 

1.  The  Assembly  might  take  it  up,  wade  through  the  testimony,  receive 
the  new  testimony,  that,  it  is  understood,  the  complainant  wishes  to  orfer,  to 
decide  the  case.  But  against  this  course,  besides  other  difficulties,  it  may  be 
mentioned  as  a  very  serious  one,  that  the  bare  reading  of  the  records  of  the 
Presbytery  would  consume  four  or  five  days. 

2.  Another  mode  might  be  adopted,  by  referring  the  case  for  reconsidera- 
tion to  the  Presbytery  of  Louisiana,  who  might  be  directed  to  take  any  new 
testimony  that  should  be  properly  offered. 

3.  Or  the  General  Assembly  might  remand  the  case  to  the  Synod  of  Mis- 
sissippi, to  hear  the  complaint,  and  dispose  of  it  in  a  regular  and  constitutional 
manner.     This,  it  is  deemed,  would  be  the  wisest  course. 

But,  were  either  of  these  modes  adopted,  it  would  require  a  great  con- 
sumption of  time,  and  subject  the  judicature  that  might  adjudicate  on  the  case 
to  great  inconvenience,  and  no  inconsiderable  expense;  and  instead  of  re- 
sulting in  practical  good,  might  produce  great  excitement  and  consequences 
injurious  to  the  peace  and  edification  of  an  important  section  of  our  Church. 
The  testimony  is  so  voluminous,  that  to  form  a  correct  judgment  on  it,  would 
require  a  retentive  memory,  patient  attention,  diligent  comparison  of  its  seve- 
ral parts,  as  well  as  a  discriminating  mind.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the 
Presbytery  sanctioned  by  their  authority  the  publication  of  the  speeches  on 
both  sides  of  the  question. 

The  committee  after  carefully  deliberating  on  the  subject  were  unanimously 
of  the  opinion,  that  if  the  case  could  be  disposed  of,  consistently  with  the  rights 
of  Mr.  Smylie,  without  remanding  it  to  either  of  the  inferior  courts,  and  with- 
out the  Assembly's  adjudicating  on  it,  all  the  ends  of  justice  would  be  gained 
and  the  peace  of  the  Church  would  be  promoted.     They  therefore  invited  Mr. 

40* 


3S6  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

Smylie  to  a  friendly  interview,  in  which  they  expressed  their  opinion,  and  he 
stated  his  views.  He  did  not  concur  with  the  committee  in  regard  to  the 
probable  consequences  of  the  case  being  remanded  to  the  Synod  or  the  Pres- 
bytery; and  stated  that  in  prosecuting  his  complaint  he  was  influenced  by  no 
personal  feelings  against  Dr.  Scott,  but  by  a  desire  that  truth  might  be  sus- 
tained, justice  done  to  all  concerned,  and  the  constitution  of  our  Church  up- 
held ;  but  if  the  committee  would,  without  his  concurrence,  assume  the  re- 
sponsibility of  recommending  to  the  General  Assembly  to  terminate  the  case 
without  any  further  trial,  and  the  Assembly  should  determine  to  adopt  this  as 
the  wisest  way  of  terminating  it,  he  would  submit,  and  feel  that  he  had  dis- 
charged a  duty,  which,  while  it  was  troublesome  and  painful,  had  put  him  to 
no  inconsiderable  expense. 

It  is  due  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Smylie  to  say,  that  the  committee  believe,  that  in 
prosecuting  his  complaint,  he  has  been  prompted  by  a  sense  of  duty  and  a 
regard  to  the  constitution  of  our  Church,  and  governed  by  what  he  deemed  its 
purity  and  best  interests  required. 

The  committee  recommend  to  the  Assembly,  the  adoption  of  the  following 
resolution, 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  representation  of  the  case  given  in  the  above 
statement  by  the  Judicial  Committee,  of  the  voluminous  nature  of  the  testi- 
mony, and  of  the  difficulties  attending  the  case,  and  believing  that  the  interests 
of  the  Church  will  be  best  promoted  by  adopting  the  course  recommended  by 
the  committee,  and  being  willing  to  assume  the  responsibility  of  acting  ac- 
cordingly, this  General  Assembly  do  hereby  terminate  this  unhappy  case 
without  any  farther  judicial  trial." 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Northern  Indiana  made  a 
report,  which  was  received  and  put  on  the  docket. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Buffalo  reported  that  said 
records  had  not  been  put  in  their  hands,  and  were  discharged. 

The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  made  a 
report,  which  was  received  and  put  on  the  docket. 

On  motion,  the  orders  of  the  day  were  suspended,  in  order  to  take  up  the 
report  of  the  Committee  on  Foreign  Correspondence.  The  letter  of  the  Ge- 
neral Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  Ireland  was  read,  together 
with  the  answer. 

On  motion,  the  answer  prepared  by  the  committee  was  adopted  as  the  an- 
swer of  this  Assembly,  and  ordered  to  be  transmitted  accordingly. 

The  Letter  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland  was 
next  read,  together  with  the  answer. 

On  motion,  the  answer  prepared  by  the  committee  was  amended  by  in- 
serting the  words  "  on  our  part,"  after  the  word  "  communications;"  and  the 
whole  paper  was  then  adopted  as  the  answer  of  this  Assembly,  and  ordered 
to  be  transmitted  accordingly. 

The  order  of  the  day,  for  ten  o'clock  this  morning,  viz.  the  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  was,  on  motion,  made  the  order  of  the  day  for  Friday 
morning  at  10  o'clock. 

The  house  then  went  into  an  election  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Boards  of  Do- 
mestic and  Foreign  Missions;  and  Messrs.  Brown  and  Jackson  were  appoint- 
ed to  collect  and  count  the  ballots  for  the  former  Board,  and  Messrs.  Hughes 
and  Putnam  to  collect  and  count  the  ballots  for  the  latter. 

On  motion,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  Stated  Clerk  print  no  papers  in  the  Appendix  to  the 
Minutes,  but  such  as  he  is  directed  to  publish. 

It  was  then  moved,  that  a  special  committee  be  appointed  to  report  to  the 


A.  D.  1S47.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  387 

Assembly  what  papers  they  would  recommend  to  be  published  in  the  Appen- 
dix to  the  Minutes. 

Pending  the  discussion,  the  hour  of  adjournment  arrived. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 

WEDNESDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met  and  spent  the  time  in  appropriate  religious  services, 
agreeably  to  the  recommendation  of  the  Committee  of  Arrangements,  with 
the  exception  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hodge  presided  in  the  place  of  the  Moderator, 
who  was  indisposed;  and  that  the  Rev.  Mr.  Petrie  delivered  an  address  in  the 
place  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Leavitt,  the  delegate  from  the  General  Convention  of 
Vermont,  who  has  taken  his  leave. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 


THURSDAY  Morning,  May  27. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Princeton  reported,  that  they  had  examined  the  same,  and  re- 
commended that  it  be  approved  and  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 
The  committee  further  reported  eleven  vacancies  as  having  occurred  in  the 
Board,  and  recommended  that  the  election  to  fill  these  vacancies  be  made  the 
order  of  the  day  for  to-morrow  morning  at  9i  o'clock ;  and  that  nominations 
be  now  made.  The  report  was  adopted,  and  nominations  were  made  accord- 
ingly. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  granted  leave 
to  Messrs.  Soutter,  Carter,  Thornton,  and  John  Ker. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Rev.  Elias  Heiner,  a  Delegate  from  the  Synod 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church  to  this  body,  giving  information  of  his  ina- 
bility to  attend,  and  assuring  the  Assembly  of  the  fraternal  regard  of  the 
German  Reformed  Synod.  Several  copies  of  the  minutes  of  that  Synod  were 
laid  on  the  table,  for  the  use  of  the  Assembly. 

The  committee  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  votes  to  fill  vacancies  in 
the  Board  of  Missions,  reported  the  following  persons  as  duly  elected,  viz. 

For  Four  Years. 

MINISTERS.  RULING    ELDERS. 

Samuel  Miller,  D.  D.  Robert  Soutter, 

Win,  B.  Sprague,  D.  D.  James  Lenox, 

Francis  Herron,  D.  D.  Wm.  Nassau,  Sr. 

Henry  R.  Weed,  D.  D.  Robert  Stuart, 

Wm.  M.  Engles,  D.  D.  James  Field, 

C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.  Henry  R.  Lelar, 

Nicholas  Murray,  D.  D.  Jonathan  Ogden, 

Matthew  Brown,  D.  D.  Edmund  Hopkins, 

A.  O.  Patterson,  D.  D.  Hon.  Nath.  Ewing. 

Charles  C.  Beatty,  D.  D. 

J.  J.  Bullock, 

C.  C.  Jones,  D.  D. 

Drury  Lacy, 

John  D.  Paxton,  D.  D. 

Lewis  W.   Green,  D.  D. 

a  '  u-V  \j%  a  u'       (In  P^ce  of  Joshua  L.  Wilson,  D.  D.,  T.  Hoge, 
Archibald  Tudehope,  >        rj/-c  at-jj 

n  Tj  i  a°d  George  Morris,  deceased. 

George  Brown.  J  °  ' 


388  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Missions  presented  the  fol- 
lowing report,  which  was  received,  and  adopted,  viz. 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Roard  of 
Missions,  report  that  having  duly  considered  the  contents  of  said  communi- 
cation, they  recommend  to  the  Assembly  the  adoption  of  the  following  reso- 
lutions, viz. 

1.  That  the  report  be  approved,  and  published  under  the  direction  of  the 
Board.  Also  that  the  Board  furnish  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  Assembly  with 
an  abstract  to  be  published  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

2.  That  the  increase,  during  the  past  year,  in  the  amount  of  pecuniary 
contributions,  in  the  number  of  Missionaries  commissioned,  and  in  the  good 
results  of  their  labour  in  various  respects,  has  been  such  as  the  Assembly 
may  well  recognize  with  gratitude,  and  receive  as  an  encouragement  to  the 
renewed  and  more  vigorous  prosecution  of  the  interests  of  this  important  cause. 

8.  That  in  the  judgment  of  this  Assembly,  the  enterprise  of  Domestic 
Missions  has  never  stood  sufficiently  high  in  the  estimation  and  affection  of 
the  American  churches.  In  its  relations  to  the  wide  extent  of  our  territory, 
the  rapid  increase  of  our  population,  the  efforts  that  are  made  to  scatter  the 
seeds  of  error  in  our  new  settlements,  and  the  influence  which  our  country  is 
to  exert  upon  the  character  and  destiny  of  the  world,  it  is  the  great  enter- 
prise which  should  enlist  the  sympathies  and  the  active  co-operation  of  the 
patriot,  the  philanthropist,  and  the  Christian. 

4.  That  this  Assembly  reiterates  the  testimonies  of  former  Assemblies  to 
the  vast  importance  of  this  object;  and  calls  upon  the  Synods  and  Presbyte- 
ries to  take  such  measures  as  may  seem  to  them  best  calculated  to  secure  the 
largest  possible  contributions  to  the  funds  of  the  Board  which  has  this  interest 
in  charge. 

5.  That  in  view  of  the  increasing  importance  and  magnitude  of  this  branch 
of  our  benevolent  operations,  a  sermon  be  delivered  on  this  subject  at  some 
convenient  time  during  the  sessions  of  each  Assembly. 

6.  That  the  Assembly  have  heard  with  pleasure  of  what  has  been  done 
by  this  Board  in  its  capacity  as  a  church  extension  committee;  and  express 
the  hope  that  the  funds  placed  at  their  disposal  for  this  object,  during  the 
coming  year,  will  be  greatly  increased  in  amount. 

The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  presented 
a  report,  which  was  received  and  laid  on  the  table. 

The  tellers  of  the  votes  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Directors  of 
Foreign  Missions,  reported  the  following  persons  as  duly  elected,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  RULING    ELDERS. 

Willis  Lord,  James  Lenox, 

C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.  D.  M.  L.  Bevan, 
Ashbel  Green,  D.  D.  James  N.  Dickson, 
David  Elliott,  D.  D.  Nathaniel  Ewing, 
James  Hoge,  D.  D.  Alexander  Henry, 
R.  Davidson,  D.  D.  Robert  Archer, 
W.  L.  Breckinridge,  D.  D.  J.  P.  Engles, 

B.  H.  Rice,  D.  D.  William  Harris,  M.  D. 

John  M.  Dickey,  John  Kerr,  M.  D. 

S.  L.  Graham,  James  H.  Fitzgerald, 

S.  S.  Davis,  D.  D.  Robert  Carter, 

D.  V.  McLean,  J.  J.  Bryant, 
Reuben  Smith,  John  T.  Gilchrist, 
Jacob  Green,  William  Adger, 
James  M.  McDonald.  Luke  Loomis. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  339 

In  place  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  L.  Wilson,  deceased,  Rev.  Dr.  J.  W.  Yeomans;  in 
place  of  Mr.  R.  Jaffray,  Mr.  D.  W.  C.  Olyphant. 

The  Assembly  then  proceeded  to  the  order  of  the  day,  and  the  Report  of 
the  Board  of  Publication  was  read  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Board,  the  Rev. 
Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.  D.,  and  referred  to  the  following  committee — Messrs. 
Lowrie,  J.  E.  Kerr,  and  McVean.     On  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Publication  be  authorized  to  avail  itself  of 
the  provisions  of  a  fund  founded  by  the  late  Elias  Boudinot,  for  the  purpose 
of  providing  books  for  Congregational  Libraries,  so  far  as  to  enable  it  to 
furnish  books  to  feeble  pastors  and  churches;  and  that  such  pastors  or 
churches  be  permitted  to  select  such  books  as  they  desire,  as  may  be  pro- 
cured through  the  Boudinot  fund. 

On  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  Stated  Clerk  be  directed  to  hand  over  to  the  Board  of 
Publication,  such  copies  of  Minutes  of  General  Assembly,  as  he  judges  are 
not  needed  for  the  Assembly. 

The  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  taken  up  and  read,  and 
an  amendment  was  offered;  pending  discussion  on  which,  the  hour  of  ad- 
journment arrived. 

On  motion,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Smylie  was  permitted  to  take  away  such  papers 
relating  to  his  complaint,  as  are  not  necessary  to  be  retained. 

The  Committee  on  Mileage  presented  the  following  report,  which  was  ap- 
proved, viz. 

"  The  Committee  on  Mileage  report,  that  there  has  been  paid  to  the  Trea- 
surer, on  account  of  the  Commissioners'  Fund,  the  sum  of  $453.31.  That 
there  have  been  12,508  miles  travelled  by  the  commissioners  who  claim 
mileage  in  coming  to  the  present  Assembly,  which  at  three  and  five-eighths 
cents  per  mile,  will  make  $453.31.  leaving  no  balance.  They  therefore 
recommend  that  the  Trustees  of  the  General  Assembly  be  directed  to  draw 
an  order  on  their  Treasurer  for  $453.31,  and  that  he  be  directed  to  pay  the 
same  to  the  several  persons  named  in  this  report  in  the  proportion  therein 
stated. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  1.  That  the  thanks  of  the  General  Assembly  be  pre- 
sented to  Dr.  Thornwell  for  his  able  and  excellent  discourse  on  the  subject  of 
the  Mass. 

Resolved,  2.  That  Dr.  Thornwell  be  respectfully  requested  to  furnish  our 
Board  of  Publication  with  a  copy  of  his  discourse,  that  it  may  be  published 
by  said  Board.  ". 

And  the  Assembly  then  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 

THURSDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Alabama  reported,  recom- 
mending approval,  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  South  Carolina  reported, 
recommending  approval,  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  New  Jersey,  reported  that  they  had  ex- 
amined the  same,  and  recommended  that  it  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the 
Minutes. 

The  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary,  presented  the  following  report  : 

"The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Twentieth  Annual  Report  of  the 
Western  Theological  Seminary,  beg  leave  to  report  as  follows,  viz. 


390  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

"  This  Seminary  was  founded  twenty  years  ago  by  the  General  Assembly, 
and  its  present  location  established  by  that  body  after  much  and  protracted 
deliberation.  Founded  on  the  same  plan  with  its  elder  and  more  honoured 
institution  at  Princeton,  it  continues  to  this  day  the  only  other  general  Theo- 
logical Seminary  deriving  its  existence  directly  from  the  Assembly,  and  being 
entirely  under  its  jurisdiction.  Those  who  have  from  time  to  time  been  called 
by  the  General  Assembly  to  act  as  its  Directors,  the  guardians  of  its  inte- 
rests, and  the  conservators  of  iis  funds,  the  pecuniary  means  of  its  subsist- 
ence and  usefulness,  have  in  these  twenty  years  constantly  entertained  the 
hope  that  it  would  be  so  cherished  by  the  General  Assembly,  that  its  paternal 
solicitude  for  its  welfare  would  result  eventually  in  the  adoption  of  effective 
measures  to  ensure  the  substantial  benefits  of  its  fostering  care.  They  have 
supposed  that  the  time  would  come  when,  amidst  its  protracted  and  anxious 
deliberations  in  respect  to  its  other  Institutions  and  Boards,  and  amidst  its 
broad  and  noble  plans  for  doing  good,  it  would  not  content  itself  with  a  mere 
passing  notice  of  this  ;  for  the  most  part  making  its  supervision  of  this  object 
of  its  creation,  and  its  connexion  with  it  rather  a  calamity  and  an  impedi- 
ment than  a  blessing.  Your  committee  are,  however,  sorry  to  be  obliged  to 
say  that  this  reasonable  hope  has  been  almost  entirely  deferred,  and  of  the 
many  thousands  of  dollars  which  its  wants  have  demanded  and  secured  to  it, 
almost  all  have  been  collected  within  what  was  originally  the  Synod  of  Pitts- 
burgh and  some  kw  adjacent  Presbyteries.  The  Assembly  itself  has  made 
no  call  upon  the  Church  at  large,  to  aid  in  its  endowment  and  support,  nor 
upon  the  Presbyteries  to  adopt  systematic  measures  to  ensure  coutributions  to 
its  funds.  The  consequences  have  been  such  as  might  be  anticipated,  where 
so  great  a  burden  is  laid  upon  a  mere  fraction  of  the  Church.  Anxiety  and 
embarrassment,  and  often  great  discouragement  have  oppressed  the  minds  of 
its  Directors  ;  and  their  present  difficulties  are  not  small. 

Your  committee  think  that  now,  when  the  endowment  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Princeton  is  understood  to  be  completed,  or  nearly  so,  the  Assem- 
bly should  direct  its  thoughts,  its  prayers,  and  its  energies  to  the  redemption 
of  the  pledge  which  was  thus  early  given,  and  has  been  so  long  delayed,  and 
take  measures  forthwith  to  fulfil  for  it  the  provision  which  has  been  made  for 
Princeton,  that  when  this  is  done,  our  Church  may  be  ready,  if  need  be,  to  go 
forward  and  endow  far  in  the  West  or  Southwest,  a  third  Seminary  sustain- 
ing to  the  Assembly  the  same  relation.  In  doing  this,  however,  your  com- 
mittee would  not  desire  that  the  Assembly  should  in  any  wise  interfere  with 
the  interests  or-  plans  of  any  other  Theological  Seminaries  of  our  Church 
not  under  its  care,  or  divert  any  funds  which  the  Presbyteries  and  churches 
concerned  may  have  a  preference  in  bestowing  upon  them;  but  they  think 
that  in  perfect  harmony  with  this  provision,  important  aid  may  now  be  ob- 
tained to  complete  an  endowment  which  has  been  zealously  undertaken  by 
the  Presbyteries  in  its  more  immediate  vicinity. 

Your  committee  would  therefore  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  following 
resolutions,  viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Directors  be  approved,  and 
the  same  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Directors  be  directed  to  appoint  one  or 
more  Agents  to  act  under  the  authority  of  the  General  Assembly,  in  soliciting 
aid  in  the  Church,  for  the  purpose  of  completing  the  endowment  of  the  Pro- 
fessorships in  the  said  Seminary  ;  and  that  it  be  recommended  to  the  Presby- 
teries to  take  such  measures  as  they  may  deem  expedient,  to  facilitate  the 
object  contemplated  in  this  resolution." 

On  motion,  the  report  was  accepted,  and  the  resolutions  adopted. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  That  a  committee  be  appointed  on  the  ways  and 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  391 

means  of  increasing  the  Commissioners'  Fund,  and  of  providing  some  remedy 
for  those  members  of  this  Assembly  who  are,  in  whole  or  in  part,  dependent 
on  this  fund. 

The  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, was  taken  up,  and  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

'•  The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions,  beg  leave  to  submit  the  following  resolutions,  viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  be  approved, 
and  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  for  publication,  and  distribution 
among  the  churches. 

2.  Resolved,  That  the  General  Assembly  have  abundant  ground  of  encou- 
ragement, and  devout  thanksgiving  to  the  Great  Head  of  the  Church,  in  the 
evidence  of  success  which  has  attended  the  operations  of  the  Board  during 
the  last  ecclesiastical  year. 

3.  Resolved,  That  as  God  in  his  providence  is  opening  many  and  effectual 
doors,  and  spreading  out  before  our  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  many  interest- 
ing and  extensive  fields,  and  inviting  them  to  enler  and  take  possession,  it  is 
the  imperative  duty  of  the  Church,  with  combined  and  more  vigorous  efforts, 
to  prosecute  the  work  in  which  we  have  embarked. 

4.  Resolved,  That,  as  there  are  adequate  pecuniary  resources  in  the 
churches  under  the  care  of  this  General  Assembly,  if  called  forth  to  meet  all 
the  engagements  of  the  Board,  it  be  recommended  to  them  to  extend  the 
sphere  of  their  operations  as  far  as  practicable  in  strengthening  existing  sta- 
tions and  in  establishing  new  ones. 

5.  Resolved,  That  whilst  it  is  our  duty  to  labour  and  pray  with  increased 
energy  and  zeal  for  the  conversion  of  the  heathen,  the  Assembly  recognizes 
her  obligations  to  increase  her  efforts  in  behalf  of  papal  Europe  as  well  as  the 
seed  of  Abraham,  remembering  that  all  the  'kingdoms  of  this  world  are  to 
become  the  kingdom  of  our  Lord  and  of  his  Christ.' 

6.  Resolved,  That,  whilst  the  Assembly  learn  with  pleasure  that  there  has 
been  a  considerable  increase  in  the  amount  of  contributions  of  the  churches  to 
the  Board  the  last  year,  it  is  with  painful  regrei,  that  they  learn  that  a  large 
proportion  of  our  churches  have  contributed  nothing  to  this  important  object; 
and  that  some  of  our  churches,  instead  of  sustaining  their  own  Board,  direct 
their  contributions  through  other  and  foreign  channels. 

7.  Resolved,  That  all  the  churches  under  the  care  of  this  General  Assem- 
bly, are  expected,  as  a  matter  of  duty  and  consistency,  to  contribute,  sys- 
tematically, and  annually,  to  the  fund  of  this  Board. 

8.  Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Board  to  adopt  measures  to 
secure  the  object  referred  to  in  the  preceding  resolution,  by  a  wise  system  of 
agency,  or  otherwise,  and  that  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  the  Presbyte- 
ries efficiently  to  co-operate  in  this  matter. 

9.  Resolved,  That,  recognizing  our  dependence  upon  the  blessing  of  God, 
and  the  agency  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  for  the  success  of  this  great  enterprise  for 
the  conversion  of  the  world,  it  be  earnestly  recommended  to  all  the  churches 
under  our  care  to  cultivate  the  spirit  of  prayer,  and  more  earnestly  and 
unitedly  to  seek  the  divine  blessing  upon  the  efforts  of  this  Board,  as  well  as 
of  similar  institutions,  especially  in  the  monthly  concert." 

On  motion,  the  unfinished  business  was  resumed,  viz.  the  complaint  against 
the  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  Presbytery  of  Fayetteville,  pending 
discussion  on  which  the  Assembly  adjourned. 

Concluded  with  prayer. 


392  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 


FRIDAY  Mornisg,  May  23. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  granted  leave 
to  Messrs.  Boyer,  Lee,  Eilenberger,  and  Ross. 

The  Moderator  announced  the  following  persons  as  the  Committee  on  the 
Commissioners'  Fund,  viz.  Messrs.  F.  N.  Evving,  Bur"hardt,  and  John  M. 
Johnston. 

The  committee  appointed  to  examine  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Publication, 
presented  a  report,  which  was  placed  on  the  docket.  Upon  their  motion,  the 
election  of  members  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  was  made  the  order  of  the 
day  for  to-morrow  morning,  at  half-past  nine  o'clock;  and  nominations  were 
made  accordingly. 

The  Committee  on  Demission  of  the  Pastoral  Office,  to  whom  the  subject 
had  been  recommitted  with  instructions,  reported,  and  their  report  was  re- 
ceived, and  placed  on  the  docket. 

The  order  of  the  day  was  taken  up,  and  the  Assembly  entered  on  an  elec- 
tion of  Directors  of  Princeton  Seminary.  Messrs.  Colt  and  Simril  were  ap- 
pointed to  collect  and  count  the  ballots. 

The  Committee  on  the  Memorials  of  the  Synods  of  Pittsburgh,  Wheeling, 
Virginia,  upon  Christian  Union,  reported,  and  their  report  was  adopted,  and 
is  as  follows  ;  viz. 

"The  Committee  to  whom  were  referred  the  Memorials  of  the  Synods  of 
Pittsburgh,  Wheeling,  and  Virginia,  respecting  Christian  union  and  inter- 
course, have  considered  the  subject,  and  submit  the  following  report: 

"  It  is  well  known  that  the  manifestation  of  unity  among  evangelical  Chris- 
tians, occupies  a  distinguished  place  in  the  public  mind  at  the  present  time. 
Nor  can  it  be  alleged  that  it  deserves  not  the  consideration  which  it  has  re- 
ceived. 

The  convention  held  last  year  in  London  has  greatly  increased  the  atten- 
tion given  to  this  subject  among  Protestants;  and  it  is  hoped  the  results  of 
that  meeting  may  be  extensively  and  permanently  beneficial.  If  real  Chris- 
tians, who  hold  fast  the  form  of  sound  words,  and  feel  the  purifying  and  ele- 
vating power  of  truth,  shall  perceive  more  clearly  their  substantial  agreement, 
love  one  another  more  fervently,  and  co-operate  in  the  work  of  faith  and 
labour  of  love  more  extensively  and  zealously,  the  advantage  to  the  common 
cause  of  Christianity  will  be  real  and  great. 

We  would  by  no  means  call  in  question  the  organization  or  operation  of 
that  branch  of  the  Christian  alliance  which  has  been  constituted  in  our  coun- 
try; but  would  rather  bid  those  brethren  God-speed  in  their  legitimate  efforts, 
and  pray  that  the  blessing  of  the  God  of  peace  may  abide  with  them  always. 
Still  it  may  be  inquired  whether  some  plan  of  intercourse  and  combined 
effort  may  not  be  adopted,  which  may  specifically  include  those  denomina- 
tions who  hold  the  same  faith,  and  the  same  ecclesiastical  form  of  government 
and  discipline,  substantially  and  truly,  which  we  hold,  that  may  greatly  con- 
tribute to  more  intimate  and  complete  unity  in  sentiment,  affection,  and  prac- 
tice. If  this  can  be  accomplished  in  a  considerable  degree,  in  a  way  which 
will  be  safe,  and  will  not  interfere  at  all  with  denominational  peculiarities 
and  interests,  it  will  be  much  gain  to  the  cause  of  truth  and  charity.  And 
thus,  not  only  entire  apostasy  from  true  Christianity  in  its  various  forms,  but 
errors  of  dangerous  tendency  may  be  more  effectually  resisted,  and  the  sys- 
tem of  salvation  by  free  and  sovereign  grace  may  be  more  favourably  exhibi- 
ted before  the  Christian  public. 

It  is  to  be  particularly  observed,  however,  that  such  a  plan  should  bear  no 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  393 

relation  whatever  to  the  amalgamation  of  those  denominations  who  may  be 
willing  to  enter  into  such  an  arrangement.  This  must  be  left  to  each  in  its 
own  ecclesiastical  capacity.  Only  that  unity  which  is  consistent  with  de- 
nominational distinction  should  be  embraced  in  the  plan. 

It  is  therefore  respectfully  recommended  that  the  General  Assembly  offer 
for  consideration  to  the  supreme  judicatories  of  those  denominations  in  the 
United  States  who  are  of  the  description  above  mentioned,  the  following  pro- 
positions. 

1.  The  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  the  Synods  of  the 
Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  Church,  of  the  Reformed  Presbyterian 
Church,  the  Associate  Presbyterian  Church,  the  Reformed  Dutch  Protestant 
Church,  and  the  German  Reformed  Church,  will  appoint  both  ministerial  and 
lay  delegates  in  such  numbers  as  they  shall  deem  proper,  to  meet  in  confer- 
ence, at  such  time  and  place  as  shall  be  hereafter  designated,  and  consult  and 
decide  respecting  a  suitable  plan  of  intercourse  as  may  be  deemed  profitable 
and  safe. 

2.  The  results  of  this  conference  shall  be  reported  to  the  several  bodies, 
and  shall  be  regarded  as  adopted  only  so  far  as  they  shall  be  approved  by 
each  body. 

3.  This  Assembly  will  appoint  a  committee  who  shall  have  the  charge  of 
previous  arrangements,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  and  shall  be  authorized 
to  communicate  with  the  bodies  above  named,  and  confer  with  any  committee 
by  them  appointed." 

The  order  of  the  day  for  ten  o'clock  having  arrived,  the  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Education  was  taken  up,  and  referred  to  the  following  committee, 
viz.  Dr.  Chamberlain,  Dr.  Jones,  and  T.  R.  Lee. 

On  motion,  the  elections  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Board  was  made  the  second 
order  of  the  day  for  to-morrow  morning  at  half-past  nine  o'clock  ;  and  nomi- 
nations were  made  accordingly. 

The  Committee  on  the  Commissioners'  Fund  made  a  report,  which  was 
recommitted,  with  instructions  to  ascertain  the  precise  deficit  in  said  fund. 

The  unfinished  business  was  then  taken  up,  viz.  the  complaint  against  the 
Synod  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  Moderator  gave  the  usual  charge.  Pend- 
ing the  discussion  the  Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 

FRIDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Rev.  J.  I.  Helm,  delegate  to  the  Evangelical 
Consociation  of  Rhode  Island,  stating  that  he  had  performed  the  duty  assign- 
ed him. 

The  tellers  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  ballots  for  Directors  of  the 
Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,  reported  the  following  persons  as  duly 
elected,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  RL^LING   ELDERS. 

Ashbel  Green,  D.  D.  James  Donaldson, 

Jacob  J.  Janeway,  D.  D.  Moses  Allen, 

Henry  A.  Boardman,  D.  D.  James  N.  Dickson. 

Nicholas  Murray,  D.  D. 
John  C.  Backus, 
W.  W.  Phillips,  D.  D. 

And  in  place  of  the  Rev.  Wm.  Latla,  D.  D.  dec'd.,  Samuel  Beach  Jones. 
The  Committees  on  the  Records  of  the  Synods  of  Cincinnati  and  Indiana, 
reported,  that  they  had  not  been  put  into  their  hands,  and  were  discharged. 
Vol.  XI.— 41 


394  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

The  Committee  on  the  Contingent  Fund,  reported,  and  their  report  was 
adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"  The  Committee  consisting  of  the  Treasurer,  the  Stated  Clerk,  and  the 
members  of  the  Finance  Committee,  to  whom  was  referred  the  condition  of 
the  Contingent  Fund,  beg  leave  to  report,  that  there  is  a  deficiency  in  this 
fund.  The  amount  paid  in  for  this  object  at  the  present  session,  is  but  8772, 
which  is  about  $400  short  of  the  sum  that  will  be  necessary.  Accompany- 
ing this  report,  we  submit  a  statement  of  the  amount  of  the  Contingent  Fund 
for  each  year  from  1841,  to  the  present  time.  There  are  a  number  of  Pres- 
byteries that  have  sent  up  no  money  at  all  for  this  fund,  and  your  Committee, 
in  view  of  the  foregoing  statements,  would  offer  the  following  resolution. 

Resolved,  That  the  General  Assembly  does  hereby  enjoin  upon  the  Pres- 
byteries within  its  bounds,  which  have  not  contributed  their  proportion  to  the 
Contingent  Fund,  that  they  do  not  fail  to  remit  at  an  early  day  such  amounts 
as  they  may  have  raised,  or  may  be  able  to  collect  for  that  purpose. 

Also,  that  in  future,  at  their  spring  meetings  of  each  year  they  make  regu- 
lar provision  for  the  Contingent  Fund  of  the  ensuing  General  Assembly,  and 
remit  the  same  to  the  Treasurer  as  early  as  possible  during  the  session.  All 
of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

Statement. — In  the  year  1341,  there  was  collected,  81518  82;  1842, 
$1567  01;  1843,  $1541  31;  1844,  81340  90;  1845,  $1395  63;  1846, 
$1207  63;  for  1847,  collected  to  the  present  time,  $772  00.  The  drafts 
on  the  Contingent  Fund  for  the  last  year  were  $1144  03,  with  one  claim  of 
$47  50,  which  is  unpaid,  making  $1191  53." 

The  unfinished  business  was  resumed,  pending  discussion  on  which  the 
Assembly  adjourned.     Concluded  with  prayer. 


SATURDAY.  Morning,  May  29th. 

The  Assembly  met  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 
>j     The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Devotional  Exercises  presented  the  following  report, 
which  was  adopted,  viz. 

"  The  Committee  on  Devotional  Exercises  would  further  report,  recommend- 
ing that  in  the  administration  of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Lord's  Supper  the  fol- 
lowing order  be  observed,  and  the  following  persons  officiate,  viz.  1.  That 
the  preparatory  sermon  be  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hoge.  2.  That  the 
introductory  statement  and  prayer  be  made  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Chamberlain. 
3.  That  the  Bread  be  administered  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Janeway.  4.  That  the 
Cup  be  administered  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Schoonmaker.  5.  Concluding  prayer 
and  psalmody  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Paxton.  6.  Benediction  by  the  Moderator. 
In  conclusion,  the  committee  report  that  they  have  appointed  supplies  for  the 
coming  Sabbath  for  the  numerous  churches  which  have  been  offered  to  them, 
and  to  the  pastors  and  officers  of  which  this  Assembly  return  thanks  for 
their  fraternal  and  Christian  courtesy." 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  presented  the  following  report,  viz. 

"  The  Committee  on  leave  of  Absence  beg  leave  to  make  a  special  report  to 
the  Assembly.  They  would  state  that  applications  for  leave  of  absence  are 
becoming  so  numerous  that  the  Assembly  is  in  danger  of  being  reduced  in  a 
few  days  more  to  a  very  small  body.  The  committee  wish  to  be  instructed 
as  to  the  degree  of  strictness  which  they  shall  observe  in  refusing  leave  of 
absence  to  members." 

The  report  was  accepted,  and  the  committee,  on  motion,  were  instructed  to 
apply  the  rule  rigidly. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  395 

The  Committee  on  the  Commissioners'  Fund  presented  a  report,  which 
being  amended,  was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"The  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  consideration  of  increasing  the 
Commissioners'  Fund,  would  respectfully  report,  that  whereas  there  is  great 
inequality  in  bearing  the  expenses  of  delegates  in  going  to  and  returning  from 
the  Assembly,  and  whereas  this  burden  rests  chiefly  on  those  who  are  the 
least  able  to  bear  it,  therefore 

Resolved,  That  while  the  Assembly  would  not  interfere  with  any  arrange- 
ments that  any  Presbytery  may  choose  to  make  to  defray  the  expenses  of  its 
own  delegates,  we  would  enjoin  on  the  weak  Presbyteries  to  see  to  it  that 
their  churches  contribute  as  largely  as  possible;  and  that  the  more  able  ones, 
and  especially  such  as  are  not  very  remote  from  the  place  where  the  Assem- 
bly meets,  be  required  to  have  collections  taken  up  in  their  churches  for  a  com- 
mon commissioners'  fvnd,  to  aid  the  weaker  Presbyteries  in  defraying  the 
expenses  of  their  delegates." 

Certain  resolutions  in  regard  to  the  present  war,  and  to  the  establishment 
of  a  weekly  paper,  were  read  and  put  on  the  docket. 

The  orders  of  the  day  were  then  taken  up,  and  the  Assembly  went  into 
an  election  of  Directors  of  the  Boards  of  Publication  and  Education.  Messrs. 
Mitchell  and  Houston  were  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  ballots  for  the 
former,  and  Messrs.  Chapman  and  Walker,  for  the  latter. 

The  Committee  on  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Western 
Theological  Seminary  submitted  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  adopt- 
ed, viz. 

Resolved,  1.  That  the- said  report  be  approved  and  printed  in  the  Appendix 
to  the  Minutes  of  the  Assembly. 

Resolved,  2.  That  the  charter  or  Act  of  Incorporation  granted  by  the 
Legislature  of  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  and  accepted  by  the  General  As- 
sembly at  its  sessions  in  Cincinnati  in  1845,  be  printed  in  the  Minutes  in  con- 
nexion with  this  report. 

Resolved,  3.  That  the  change  in  the  Board  of  Trustees  recommended  in 
the  said  report  be  adopted;  and  that  the  persons  therein  mentioned  be  ap- 
pointed Trustees  in  the  room  of  those  whose  term  of  service  is  thus  closed. 

On  motion,  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  five  be  appointed  by  the  Mode- 
rator to  nominate  the  persons  contemplated  in  the  resolutions  on  Christian 
Union.  Drs.  Hoge,  Janeway,  Snodgrass,  and  Gray,  and  Mr.  J.  N.  Dickson, 
were  appointed  that  committee. 

The  unfinished  business  was  resumed,  and  it  was  on  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  question  on  the  dismissal  of  the  case  be  taken  not  later 
than  12  o'clock  to-day. 

The  hour  of  12  having  arrived,  the  question  was  accordingly  taken,  and 
the  following  was  the  decision  of  the  Assembly  in  the  case,  viz. 

Whereas  the  Rev.  Archibald  McQueen  prosecuted  a  complaint  before  the 
Assembly  of  1845,  against  the  Presbytery  of  Fayetteville,  for  refusing  to  re- 
store him  to  the  exercise  of  the  gospel  ministry;  and  did  at  the  same  time 
memorialize  that  Assembly  to  decree  his  restoration ;  and  whereas  that  As- 
sembly did  take  up  and  judicially  entertain  the  said  complaint,  and  pro- 
nounced judgment  in  the  case  by  authorizing  and  recommending  the  Presby- 
tery to  restore  the  said  Archibald  McQueen  to  the  gospel  ministry,  provided 
that  in  the  judgment  of  the  Presbytery  it  was  wise  so  to  do;  and  whereas 
the  Presbytery  in  the  exercise  of  the  discretion  thus  confided  to  them,  did  re- 
store Mr.  McQueen ;  therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  complaint  of  the  Rev.  Colin  Mclver  and  others  against 
the  Synod  of  North  Carolina,  for  having  sustained  the  action  of  the  Presby- 
tery of  Fayetteville  in  restoring  the  said  Archibald  McQueen,  in  accordance 


396  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

with  the  judicial  decision  of  the  Assembly  of  1845,  cannot  be  entertained 
by  this  house,  and  is  hereby  dismissed. 

In  making  this  disposition  of  the  above  mentioned  complaint,  this  General 
Assembly  wishes  it  to  be  distinctly  understood  that  they  do  not  mean  either 
to  retract  or  modify  any  judgment  hitherto  expressed  by  any  Assembly  re- 
specting the  offence  for  which  Mr.  McQueen  was  suspended  from  the  exercise 
of  the  gospel  ministry.  They  simply  declare  that  his  case  cannot  be  regu- 
larly brought  before  them  by  this  complaint. 

The  yeas  and  nays  were  called  for  on  this  resolution,  and  are  as  follows, 
viz. 

Yeas. — Bartley,  Eastman,  Proudfit,  Chester,  Buck,  Jackson,  Reinhart, 
Waterman,  Petrie,  Jagger,  Nimmo,  Evans,  Lowrie,  Carpenter,  Bull,  Tyler, 
Hornblower,  Barton,  Hodge,  J.  J.  Janeway,  Jacob  W.  E.  Ker,  Gray,  Sher- 
wood, Colt,  Hunt,  F.  A.  Ewing,  Hamill,  McKeen,  Dunham,  Thos.  L.  Jane- 
way,  Harlow,  Gayley,  McLean,  Peebles,  Woods,  Hudson,  Dickson,  Vanars- 
dalen,  E.  M.  Donaldson,  J.  N.  Brown,  Alexander,  Brugler,  John  Caruthers, 
Quay,  Davis,  Fulton,  Cook,  Coulter,  Laughlin,  John  Carothers,  Fleming, 
Hunter,  James  Hoge,  Vanatta,  M.  M.  Brown,  Robinson,  McCandlish,  Moses 
A.  Hoge,  Morton,  Raymond,  Thompson,  Crowe,  Ferguson,  Irwin,  Burghardt, 
Wells,  Vaill,  Steel,  Greenlee,  Munson,  Cayce,  F.  N.  Ewing,  A.  A.  Hogue, 
Price,  Ralph  Harris,  B.  D.  Thomas,  E.  Thomas,  Balch,  Hodgeman,  Hume, 
Putnam,  Simril,  Jones,  Cunningham,  Lockridge,  Crane,  Merrell,  Hooper, 
Chapman,  Beadle,  McCallum,  S.  I.  Reid,  Miller,  P.  A.  Walker,  Chamber- 
lain— 95. 

Nays. — Snodgrass,  Reeve,  Junkin,  Berry,  Swift,  Young,  Montgomery, 
Robert  Carothers,  Campbell,  Loomis,  R.  Donaldson,  James  Kerr,  Adams, 
Patterson,  McFerren,  Lyle,  Semple,  Moodie,  Cooper,  Woodrow,  Gazlay, 
Whallon,  Belville,  John  M.  Johnston,  H.  L.  Brown,  James  Johnston,  Wright, 
Pratt,  Paxton,  Morrison,  Sparrow,  Allen,  Pryor,  Graham,  Gilkeson,  White, 
Watkins,  Mcllwaine,  Wade,  Mathers,  McBride,  Harrison,  A.  Walker,  S.  E. 
Wilson,  Snowden,  Smythe,  Mitchell,  Houston,  John  P.  Kerr,  McLeod,  Law- 
rence, H.  R.  Wilson,  W.  M.  Reid— 53. 

Dr.  Hoyt  was  excused  from  voting. 

The  committee  appointed  to  nominate  a  Committee  of  Conference  from  this 
General  Assembly  on  the  subject  of  Christian  Union,  reported  the  following 
nominations,  which,  on  motion,  were  confirmed;  viz.  Dr.  Phillips,  Dr.  J.  W. 
Alexander,  Dr.  Snodgrass,  Dr.  Krebs,  Dr.  Potts,  Mr.  Lenox,  Mr.  Oliphant, 
and  Mr.  Steel. 

The  Rev.  Dr.  Schoonmaker,  delegate  from  the  Synod  of  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  addressed  the  Assembly,  and  took  his  leave. 

The  following  resolution  was  offered,  and  laid  on  the  table,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  this  General  Assembly,  in  virtue  of  authority  vested  in  it  by 
the  Form  of  Government,  ch.  12,  sect.  5,  does  hereby  solemnly  reprove,  warn, 
and  bear  testimony  against  those  Presbyteries  and  Church-sessions  under  the 
care  of  this  Assemblv,  which  tolerate  within  their  bounds  the  practice  of  im- 
morality in  allowing  the  formation  of  the  marriage  relation  on  the  part  of 
ministers  and  church  members  contrary  to  the  Word  of  God  and  the  Confes- 
sion of  Faith,  ch.  24,  sect.  4,  and  for  neglecting  and  failing  to  enforce  the 
discipline  of  the  Church  in  such  cases. 

The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion reported,  recommending  the  following  resolutions,  which  were  adopted, 
viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  reiterate  their  conviction  of  the  impor- 
tance of  ministerial  education,  in  its  relations  to  all  the  enterprises  of  the 
Church,  and  to  the  conversion  of  the  world. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  397 

2.  Resolved,  That  (his  Assembly  solemnly  recognize  the  sovereign  grace 
of  God,  in  calling  the  sons  of  the  Church  into  the  ministry;  and  also  ac- 
knowledge the  obligations  of  his  Church  to  use  all  scriptural  and  proper 
means  to  increase  the  number  of  candidates,  especially  by  prayer  to  the  Lord 
of  the  harvest,  ministerial  instruction,  parental  consecration,  Christian  educa- 
tion, and  pecuniary  assistance  to  those  who  may  need  it. 

S.  Resolved,  That  it  be  specially  recommended  to  our  ministers  and 
churches  not  only  to  pray  for  an  increase  of  labourers,  but  also  to  remember 
in  their  prayers,  the  youth  of  the  Church  who  have  already  commenced  their 
preparatory  studies,  and  who  are  naturally  exposed  to  many  temptations, 
which  the  Spirit  of  God  can  alone  enable  them  to  resist. 

4.  Resolved,  That  the  Presbyteries  be  enjoined  to  use  unceasing  vigilance 
in  the  examination  of  candidates,  and  to  retain  a  strict  pastoral  supervision 
over  them  throughout  their  entire  preparatory  course;  and  that  the  Board  of 
Education  be  enjoined  to  continue  the  plan  of  personal  visitation  and  corres- 
pondence, and  to  use  their  best  endeavours  to  promote  a  high  standard  of 
ministerial  qualification. 

5.  Resolved,  That  the  Board  of  Education  exercise  the  same  pastoral  care 
over  the  candidates  for  the  ministry  who  are  sustained  by  the  permanent 
funds  of  the  General  Assembly,  as  over  those  who  are  sustained  by  the  an- 
nual collections  of  the  churches. 

6.  Resolved,  That  the  Annual  Report  be  committed  to  the  Board  for  pub-; 
lication. 

The  Committee  on  Demission  presented  a  report  which  was,  after  some 
debate,  again  re-committed. 

The  Rev.  Sayrs  Gazlay  gave  notice  of  his  desire  to  enter  his  dissent  from 
the  vote  to  lay  on  the  table  the  resolution  warning  the  Presbyteries  on  the 
subject  of  unlawful  marriages ;  and  also  of  his  intention  to  enter,  on  behalf 
of  himself  and  others,  a  protest  against  the  decision  to  dismiss  judicial  case 
No.  1. 

On  motion,  it  was  made  the  order  of  the  day  immediately  after  reading  the 
minutes  at  the  next  session,  to  take  up  the  Report  on  Parochial  Schools. 

And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned  until  Monday  morning  at  nine  o'clock. 

Concluded  with  prayer. 


MONDAY  Morning,  May  31st. 

The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Committee  on  Commissions  reported  as  an  additional  commissioner, 
Aaron  L.  Lindsley,  minister,  from  the  Presbytery  of  Wisconsin. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  granted  leave 
to  Messrs.  Hodge,  J.  J.  Janeway,  Gray,  D.  McLean,  Watson,  Bull,  Camp- 
bell, McVean,  Railey,  and  McKeen. 

On  motion,  the  order  of  the  day  was  suspended  to  take  up  the  following 
resolution,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  General  Assembly  overture  to  the  Presbyteries  the  fol- 
lowing question,  viz.  Shall  that  part  of  the  fourth  section  of  the  twenty-fourth 
chapter  of  the  Confession  of  Faith,  from  1  to  2,  which  says,  "  Nor  can  such 
incestuous  marriages  ever  be  made  lawful  by  any  law  of  man,  or  consent  of 
parties,  so  as  those  persons  may  live  together  as  man  and  wife,"  be  stricken 
out. 

The  previous  question  being  insisted  on,  the  resolution  was  put  to  the  vote, 
and  lost. 

41* 


398  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

The  yeas  and  nays  were  called  for,  and  are  as  follows,  viz. 

Yeas. — Eastman,  Proudfit,  Chester,  Buck,  Reinhart,  Nimmo,  Evans,  Car- 
penter, Reeve,  Barton,  Hudson,  Dickson,  Vanarsdalen,  J.  N.  Brown,  Davis, 
Swift,  Fulton,  Cook,  Coulter,  Montgomery,  Loomis,  R.  Donaldson,  Adams, 
Patterson,  Hunter,  M.  M.  Brown,  Morton,  H.  L.  Brown,  Raymond,  Thomp- 
son, Ferguson,  Burghardt,  Vaill,  Greenlee,  F.  N.  Ewing,  A.  A.  Hogue, 
B.  D.  Thomas,  Hays,  Balch,  Gilkeson,  Lynch,  McNair,  Pharr,  Gibbs,  C. 
W.  Harris,  Hodgeman,  Hume,  Putnam,  Harrison,  Sim  ml,  Hoyt,  Cunning- 
ham, Lockridge,  Hooper,  Chamberlain,  Samuel  I.  Reid,  Walker — 57. 

Nays. — Bartley,  Waterman,  Petrie,  Jagger,  Lovvrie,  Tyler,  Hornblower, 
Jacob  W.  E.  Ker,  Junkin,  Sherwood,  Colt,  Hunt,  Hamill,  Dunham,  T.  L. 
Janeway,  Harlow,  Gayley,  Berry,  Peebles,  Woods,  E.  M.  Donaldson,  Alex- 
ander, Brugler,  John  Caruthers,  Young,  Robert  Carothers,  Laughlin,  John 
Carothers,  Fleming,  James  Kerr,  McFerren,  Lyle,  James  Hoge,  Robinson, 
McCandlish,  Semple,  Moses  A.  Hoge,  Moodie,  Cooper,  Woodrow,  Gazlay, 
Whallon,  Belville,  John  M.Johnston,  James  Johnston,  Crowe,  Irwin,  Wriijht, 
Wells,  Steel,  Pratt,  Lindsley,  Watson,  Munson,  Cayce,  Paxton,  Ralph  Har- 
ris, E.  Thomas,  Morrison,  Sparrow,  Allen,  Pryor,  Graham,  White,  B.  F. 
Watkins,  McIIwaine,  Wade,  Hughes,  A.  D.  Campbell,  Rockwell,  Garland, 
R.  V.  Watkins,  Mathcs,  McBride,  A.  Walker,  Snowden,  Jones,  Crane, 
Smythe,  Chapman,  Mitchell.  Houston,  John  P.  Kerr,  McLeod,  Beadle,  Mc- 
Cal'lum,  Miller,  H.  R.  Wilson— 89. 

The  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  North  Carolina  reported, 
recommending  their  approval ;  and  their  report  was  adopted. 

The  Report  of  the  Committee  on  the  Records  of  the  Synod  of  Northern 
Indiana,  was  taken  up,  recommending  approval,  with  the  following  excep- 
tions, viz.  1.  On  page  27,  where  a  record  is  made  of  the  opening  sermon  of 
Synod,  it  does  not  appear  that  the  moderator  of  the  previous  year  who  pre- 
pared the  sermon,  was  present  to  preach  it,  nor  does  it  appear  whether  he 
was  present  or  absent  during  the  entire  meeting.  2.  On  page  32,  where 
Synod  take  exception  to  the  Records  of  the  Presbytery  of  Michigan  as  defec- 
tive, Synod  did  not  require  that  Presbytery  to  review  and  correct  said  re- 
cords. 3.  On  page  54,  the  Synod  censure  the  Presbytery  of  Michigan  for 
retaining  the  name  of  Mr.  Nicoll  on  the  roll  after  suspending  him  from  the 
gospel  ministry.  Your  Committee  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  name  of  a  sus- 
pended minister  should  be  retained  on  the  roll  of  Presbytery  till  they  proceed 
to  the  higher  censure,  though  he  be  deprived  of  the  exercise  of  his  ministe- 
rial functions. 

The  report  was  adopted. 

The  Committee  on  Demission  of  the  Pastoral  Office,  presented  a  report, 
which  was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"  The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  matter  concerning  the  demis- 
sion of  the  pastoral  office,  respectfully  report  for  the  consideration  of  the 
Assembly  the  following  statement  and  resolution,  viz.  1.  With  all  the  care 
which  the  Presbyteries  can  exercise  in  the  examination  of  candidates,  and 
with  all  the  inquiry  which  candidates  may  sincerely  make  after  the  path  of 
duty,  it  has  happened  and  will  again  occur  that  men  may  mistake  their  call- 
ing, and  be  introduced  to  the  office  of  the  ministry  without  those  qualifica- 
tions which  will  enable  them  with  profit  to  the  Church  and  comfort  to  them- 
selves to  continue  to  exercise  its  functions.  2.  It  is  a  fact  that  many  persons 
do  practically  demit  the  exercise  of  the  office,  engaging  entirely  in  secular 
pursuits,  and  yet,  3.  Their  names  remain  upon  our  rolls,  they  are  accounted 
as  ministers,  and  arc  counted  in  estimating  the  ratio  of  representation  of  the 
Presbyteries  to  which  they  belong,  thus  giving  to  some  Presbyteries  a  prepon- 
derance  in  the  General  Assembly   to  which  they   are  not  justly  entitled 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  399 

under  the  fair  operation  of  our  system.  There  is  no  reason  for  deposing  or 
suspending  them,  they  have  no  authority  to  demit  the  exercise  of  their  office, 
nor  have  Presbyteries  a  right  to  permit  such  demission  ;  and  these  worthy 
brethren  are  constrained  to  live  on  with  vows  resting  upon  them  which  they 
have  neither  the  ability  nor  opportunity  to  perform.     Therefore, 

Resolved,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  Presbyteries  whether  the  following 
sections  shall  be  added  to  the  15th  chapter  of  our  Form  of  Government, 
viz. 

XVI.  The  office  of  a  minister  of  the  Gospel  is  perpetual  and  cannot  be 
laid  aside  at  pleasure.  No  person  can  be  divested  of  it  but  by  deposition. 
Yet  from  various  causes  a  minister  may  become  incapable  of  performing  the 
duties  of  the  office;  or  he  may,  though  chargeable  with  neither  heresy  nor 
immorality,  become  unacceptable  in  his  official  character.  In  such  cases  he 
may  cease  to  be  an  acting  minister. 

XVII.  Whenever  a  minister  from  any  cause,  not  inferring  heresy  or  crime, 
shall  be  incapable  of  serving  the  Church  to  edification,  the  Presbytery  shall 
take  order  on  the  subject,  and  state  the  fact,  together  with  the  reasons  of  it, 
on  their  records.  And  when  any  person  has  thus  ceased  to  be  an  acting 
minister,  he  shall  not  be  a  member  of  any  Presbytery  or  Synod,  but  shall  be 
subject  to  discipline  as  other  ministers.  Provided  ahcays,  that  nothing  of 
this  kind  shall  be  done  without  the  consent  of  the  individual  in  question,  ex- 
cept by  advice  of  the  Synod." 

The  order  of  the  day  was  then  taken  up,  viz.  the  report  of  the  committee 
to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Education  on  Parochial 
Schools.  The  resolutions  were  considered  seriatim,  amended,  and  adopted, 
and  are  as  follows,  viz. 

The  Committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, beg  leave  to  recommend  the  adoption  of  the  following  resolutions: 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  report  be  committed  to  the  Board  of  Education  in 
order  that  it  may  be  printed  and  circulated  among  the  churches. 

2.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  express  their  firm  conviction 
that  the  interests  of  the  Church  and  the  glory  of  our  Redeemer,  demand  that 
immediate  and  strenuous  exertions  should  be  made,  so  far  as  practicable,  by 
every  congregation  to  establish  within  its  bounds  one  or  more  Primary 
Schools,  under  the  care  of  the  session  of  the  church,  in  which  together  with 
the  usual  branches  of  secular  learning,  the  truths  and  duties  of  our  holy  reli- 
gion shall  be  assiduously  inculcated. 

3.  Resolved,  That  this  Assembly  do  hereby  earnestly  call  upon  all  the 
Synods  and  Presbyteries  under  their  care,  to  take  the  subject  of  Christian 
education  under  consideration,  and  to  devise  and  execute  whatever  measures 
they  may  deem  most  appropriate  for  securing  the  establishment  of  Parochial 
and  Presbyterial  Schools  in  our  bounds. 

4.  Resolved,  That  a  committee  consisting  of  one  minister  and  one  ruling 
elder  be  appointed  by  each  Presbytery  to  collect  information  as  to  the  number 
and  condition  of  schools  within  the  bounds  of  the  Presbytery,  the  number  of 
children  under  fifteen  years  of  age  belonging  to  their  congregations;  the 
state  of  public  opinion  in  respect  to  education;  the  ability  of  the  churches  to 
sustain  teachers  and  build  school  houses ;  and  whatever  other  statistical  in- 
formation relating  to  education  they  may  deem  important ;  and  that  these 
committees  forward  their  reports  to  the  Board  of  Education  on  or  before  the 
1st  of  January,  1848. 

5.  Resolved,  That  this  whole  subject  be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion, and  that  the  Board  is  hereby  authorized  to  expend  whatever  moneys  are 
committed  to  them  for  that  purpose  in  aid  of  the  establishment  of  Parochial 
and  Presbyterial  Schools. 


400  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

6.  Resolved,  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  Board  of  Publication  to  make 
inquiries  on  the  subject  of  elementary  school  books,  with  a  view  of  adapting 
them,  as  far  as  practicable,  to  a  system  of  religious  instruction;  and  that  the 
Board  report  on  this  subject  to  the  next  General  Assembly. 

The  Committee  on  the  Memorial  from  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore,  in  rela- 
tion to  the  erection  of  a  church  in  Washington  City,  reported,  and  their  re- 
port was  adopted,  and  is  as  follows,  viz. 

"That,  in  their  judgment,  the  object  contemplated  in  said  memorial  is  an 
important  one,  and  justly  claims,  upon  its  merits,  the  charitable  consideration 
of  the  friends  of  our  Church  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 

They  are  of  opinion,  however,  that  it  would  be  highly  inexpedient  and  of 
dangerous  precedent  for  the  Assembly  to  engage,  as  such,  in  an  enterprise  of 
this  description. 

They  therefore  recommend  that  the  memorial,  with  the  accompanying 
papers  be  respectfully  referred  back  to  the  Presbytery  of  Baltimore,  within 
the  bounds  of  which  the  City  of  Washington  lies;  in  the  hope  that,  if  they 
shall  judge  it  expedient  to  take  any  further  steps  in  the  matter,  the  effort  may 
be  sustained  by  the  liberality  of  the  churches." 

A  report  was  read  from  the  Rev.  Benjamin  H.  Rice,  D.  D.,  delegate  to  the 
General  Association  of  Massachusetts. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  complainants  in  judicial  case,  No.  1, 
acquainting  the  Assembly  with  their  submission  to  the  late  decision  in  said 
case,  and  at  the  same  time,  inasmuch  as  the  Synodical  and  Presbyterial  acts, 
against  which  they  had  complained,  had  neither  been  reversed  nor  sustained 
by  any  General  Assembly,  with  their  intention  to  renew  the  complaint,  should 
they  see  fit,  to  the  next  General  Assembly,  for  final  adjudication. 

On  motion,  leave  was  granted  said  complainants  to  withdraw  their  papers. 

The  Assembly  then  went  into  an  election  of  a  preacher  of  the  annual  ser- 
mon on  Popery;  when  the  Rev.  Alexander  T.  McGill,  D.D.,  was  chosen 
principal,  and  the  Rev.  Wm.  S.  Plumer,  D.  D.,  alternate. 

On  motion,  the  Clerks  were  appointed  a  special  committee  to  recommend 
to  the  Assembly  the  papers  suitable  to  be  printed  in  the  Appendix. 

Judicial  case  No.  2,  being  an  appeal  of  John  Cathey  from  a  decision  of 
the  session  of  Paw  Creek  Church,  suspending  him  from  sealing  ordinances  for 
marrying  his  deceased  wife's  sister,  was  dismissed,  as  not  having  come  up 
through  the  inferior  judicatories,  and  the  case  remitted  to  the  Presbytery  of 
Concord  for  adjudication. 

The  report  of  the  committee  to  whom  was  referred  the  Report  of  the  Board 
of  Publication  was  taken  up,  recommending  the  following  resolutions,  which 
were  adopted,  viz. 

1.  Resolved,  That  the  Report  be  approved,  and  published  under  the  direction 
of  the  officers  of  the  Board. 

2.  Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  the  Assembly  the  affairs  of  this  Board, 
have  been  conducted  with  judgment,  energy,  and  success,  calling  for  the  con- 
tinued and  increased  confidence  of  the  churches  in  its  operations,  as  a  means 
of  usefulness. 

3.  Resolved,  That  the  Assembly  cordially  approves  the  plan  proposed  by 
the  Board  for   circulating  its   books,  and  earnestly  recommmends  it  to  the 
immediate  attention  of  the  churches. 

4.  Resolved,  That  the  Assembly  is  highly  gratified  that  the  Board  has  en- 
tered upon  a  system  of  colportage,  as  an  agency  for  the  circulation  of  its 
books;  and  while  repeating  the  recommendation  of  former  Assemblies  that 
funds  be  raised  by  Synods  and  Presbyteries  for  the  establishment  of  deposi- 
tories, owned  and  managed  by  themselves,  the  Assembly  would  further  re- 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  401 

commend  that  they  employ  in  connexion  with  these  depositories  the  colpor- 
teurs appointed  by  the  Board. 

5.  Resolved,  That  the  Assembly  approves  of  the  charter  obtained  by  the 
Board,  and  orders  that,  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  charter,  it  shall 
hereafter  be  known  by  the  name  of  "  The  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publica- 
tion." 

6.  Resolved,  That  the  Assembly  also  provides,  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  the  aforesaid  charter,  that  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board 
of  Publication  in  the  year  1848,  on  the  day  when  the  Board  meets  to  re- 
organize and  elect  its  officers,  it  shall  proceed  to  elect,  by  ballot,  three  per- 
sons in  the  room  of  the  three  first  named  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Presbyterian 
Board  of  Publication,  incorporated  by  the  aforesaid  charter;  on  the  day  of 
the  annual  meeting  in  1849,  it  shall  proceed  in  like  manner  to  elect  three 
persons  in  the  room  of  the  second  three  trustees  named  in  the  charier  afore- 
said; and  on  the  day  of  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Publication  in 
1850  it  shall  elect  in  the  same  manner  three  persons  in  the  room  of  the  three 
remaining  trustees  of  the  aforesaid  Board;  and  thenceforward  annually  elect- 
ing three  persons  in  the  room  of  that  class  which  has  served  three  years; 
provided  always  that  the  same  persons  shall  be  re-eligible. 

7.  Resolved,  That  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication  may  also,  at  any 
of  its  regular  meetings,  elect  persons  to  fill  vacancies  occurring  by  death,  re- 
signation, or  otherwise. 

Overtures  Nos.  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  and  15,  were  taken  up,  and  disposed 
of  as  follows,  viz. 

Overture  No.  10.  An  overture  from  the  Presbytery  of  Palmyra  proposing 
that  the  Assembly  should  establish  immediately  a  literary  institution  of  high 
order  in  Oregon.     The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  it  is  not  expedient  for  this  General  Assembly  to  grant  the 
request. 

Overture  No.  11.  An  overture  from  Thomas  R.  Lee,  a  member  of  this 
house,  proposing  certain  specific  alterations  in  the  Book  of  Discipline,  was 
referred  to  a  special  committee  to  report  to  the  next  Assembly,  viz.  Rev.  Mr. 
Cunningham,  Dr.  Hoge,  Dr.  Howe,  Hon.  E.  A.  Nisbit,  and  Hon.  Job  John- 
ston. 

Overture  No.  12.  An  overture  from  the  Presbytery  of  Mississippi,  re- 
questing the  General  Assembly  to  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Publicatit^n  to 
issue  suitable  books  of  sermons  and  helps  for  devotion,  to  be  used  by  vacant 
congregations;  and  to  inquire  whether  ruling  elders  representing  such  con- 
gregations should  be  interrogated  concerning  the  observance  of  the  recom- 
mendations contained  in  chap.  xxi.  of  the  Form  of  Government.  The  recom- 
mendation of  the  committee  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  the  former  part  of  this  overture  relating  to  the  publication 
of  books  be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Publication ;  and  that  the  latter  part  be 
answered  in  the  affirmative. 

Overture  No.  13.  An  overture  from  the  Synods  of  Philadelphia  and  New 
Jersey,  the  one  requesting,  and  the  other  objecting  to  a  proposed  alteration  of 
their  boundary  line.  The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  adopted, 
viz. 

Resolved,  That  as  the  two  Synods  interested  in  the  question  ai-e  not  agreed 
in  relation  to  it,  it  is  inexpedient  for  the  Assembly  to  make  the  alteration  pro- 
posed by  the  Synod  of  Philadelphia. 

Overture  No.  14.  An  overture  from  the  Presbytery  of  Oxford,  in  refer- 
ence to  an  alleged  inaccuracy  in  the  printed  Minutes  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  1844.     The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  adopted,  viz. 

Resolved,  That  this  overture  be  referred  to  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  Assem- 


402  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

bly  with  the  request  that  he  would  report  to  this  house  the  facts  in  reference 
to  the  case  referred  to. 

Overture  No.  15.  An  overture  from  the  Presbytery  of  Louisiana,  pre- 
senting several  constitutional  questions  for  the  decision  of  the  Assembly,  was 
referred  to  the  same  special  committee  to  whom  was  referred  overture  No.  11, 
to  report  to  the  next  Assembly. 

The  tellers  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  votes  for  Directors  of  the 
Board  of  Publication  reported  the  following  persons  as  duly  elected,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  LAYMEN. 

A.  Alexander,  D.D.  W.  Auchincloss, 

J.  VV.  McDowell,  D.  D.  J.  B.  Ross, 

W.  D.  Snodgrass,  D.  D.  Hon.  Harmar  Denny, 

N.  H.  Hardin,  D.  D.  J.  Dunlap, 

C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.  D.  Wm.  S.  Martien, 

W.  S.  Plumer,  D.  D.  H.  McKeen, 

C.  C.  Jones,  D.  D.  J.  P.  Engles, 

C.  C.  Beatty,  D.  D.  Hon.  Joel  Jones, 

R.  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D.  E.  Vaill, 

J.  N.  Campbell,  D.  D.  D.  C.  Campbell, 

Thomas  Smythe,  D.  D.  S.  Franklin, 

Reuben  Smith,  Hon.  N.  Ewing. 

R.  S.  Berry, 
Rev.  S.  Ramsay  Wilson  in  the  room  of  Rev.  J.  L.  Wilson,  D.  D.;  Rev.  J. 
W.  Alexander  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Loughridge ;   W.  Chester,  D.  D.,  in  the 
room  of  Rev.  J.  Culbertson ;  ministers.     Mr.  Foster  in  the  room  of  Mr. 
Bayless;  and  Mr.  Walker  in  the  room  of  Mr.  Morris,  laymen. 
And  then  the  Assembly  adjourned.    Concluded  with  prayer. 

MONDAY  Afternoon,  4  o'clock. 
The  Assembly  met,  and  was  opened  with  prayer. 
The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  tellers  appointed  to  collect  and  count  the  ballots  for  Directors  of  the 
Board  of  Education,  reported  the  following  persons  as  elected,  viz. 

For  Four  Years. 

MINISTERS.  LAYMEN. 

Philip  Lindsley,  D.  D.  M.  L.  Bevan, 

David  Magie,  D.  D.  Hon.  N.  Ewing, 

George  Potfs,  D.  D.  Thomas  McKeen, 

R.  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D.  H.  H.  Leverett, 

A.Tudehope,  F.N.King, 

M.  B.  Hope,  M.D.  James  Patterson, 

Wm.  Chester,  D.  D.  Wm.  S.  Ridgley,  M.  D. 

W.  W.  Phillips,  D.  D.  James  H.  Fitzgerald, 

John  I.  White. 
And  the  Hon.  Eugenius  A.  Nisbit  for  three  years  to  fill  the  vacancy  caused 
by  the  death  of  Mr.  A.  G.  Miller. 
On  motion, 

Resolved,  1.  That  the  thanks  of  this  General  Assembly  be  respectfully 
tendered  to  the  citizens  of  Richmond  and  its  vicinity,  for  their  polite  and  hos- 
pitable attentions  during  the  sittings  of  the  Assembly  ;  and  also  to  the  direc- 
tors of  the  steamboat  and  railroad  companies  for  the  generous  facilities  granted 
the  members  in  going  to  and  from  the  city  of  Richmond. 

Resolved,  2.  That  the  thanks  of  the  Assembly  be  returned  to  the  session 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  403 

of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  for  the  use  of  their  house  of  worship  ;  and 
that  these  resolutions  be  published  in  the  daily  papers  of  the  city. 

On  motion, 

Resolved,  1.  That  this  Assembly  has  heard  with  satisfaction  the  sermon 
preached  by  the  Rev.  C.  C.  Jones,  D.  D.,  of  Georgia,  according  to  their  ap- 
pointment, on  the  subject  of  the  religious  instruction  of  the  coloured  popula- 
tion. 

Resolved,  2.  That  the  Assembly  regard  this  subject  as  one  of  very  great 
interest  and  importance,  and  recognize  the  goodness  of  God  in  opening  this 
field  to  our  ministers  and  missionaries  to  so  large  an  extent,  and  with  such 
cordial  approbation  from  the  community. 

Resolved,  3.  That  the  Board  of  Missions  be  directed,  if  it  appears  to  them 
advisable,  to  appoint  a  secretary  or  general  agent  from  and  for  the  South  and 
South-west,  who  shall  superintend  the  collection  of  funds  and  the  location  of 
missionaries,  and  attend  to  the  other  duties  of  this  department,  in  co-operation 
with  the  Presbyteries  and  churches  in  that  section  of  country. 

The  Stated  Clerk,  to  whom  was  referred  the  Memorial  of  the  Presbytery  of 
Oxford  relating  to  an  inaccuracy  in  the  Minutes  of  1844,  as  to  the  boundary 
line  between  the  Synods  of  Cincinnati  and  Indiana,  made  a  statement  on  the 
subject ;  whereupon  it  was 

Resolved,  That  the  word  "  Northern"  should  be  inserted  before  the  word 
"  Indiana,"  on  page  369  of  the  Minutes  referred  to. 

It  was  moved,  that  in  order  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  Church,  this  General 
Assembly  recommend  to  the  Board  of  Publication  to  prepare  and  publish  as 
soon  as  practicable,  a  system  of  doctrinal  and  scriptural  questions  adapted  to 
the  use  of  Bible-classes  and  Sabbath-schools.  The  resolution  was  laid  on  the 
table. 

It  was  moved,  1.  That  the  various  Boards  of  the  Church  be,  and  they  here- 
by are,  authorized  to  establish  a  paper  to  be  published  weekly,  in  which  such 
communications  as  said  Boards  may  consider  valuable,  may  be  placed  before 
the  churches.  2.  That  it  be  recommended  to  the  members  of  the  Church  to 
sustain  and  patronize  such  paper.  3.  That  the  price  of  said  paper  be  made 
as  cheap  as  may  be  consistent  with  its  healthy  existence.  The  resolutions 
were  laid  on  the  table. 

On  motion, 

Resolved,  That  in  view  of  the  continuance  of  the  war  in  which  we  are  en- 
gaged, and  of  the  great  and  dreadful  evils  of  war,  it  be  earnestly  recommended 
to  all  our  churches  to  humble  themselves  before  Almighty  God,  with  confes- 
sion of  their  own  sins  and  of  the  people,  and  to  engage  in  fervent  and  con- 
tinued prayer  that  as  individuals  and  as  a  nation  we  may  be  forgiven ;  that 
there  may  be  a  speedy,  righteous,  and  amicable  adjustment  of  all  existing 
difficulties  with  other  nations;  and  that  we  may  be  permitted  to  enjoy  without 
interruption  the  blessings  of  peace. 

Resolved,  That  all  pastors,  and  all  others  preaching  statedly,  be  requested 
to  bring  this  subject  before  the  several  churches  in  which  they  minister,  on  the 
second  Sabbath  of  July,  or  as  soon  after  as  it  may  be  convenient,  and  to  urge 
upon  our  people,  the  duty  pointed  out  in  the  foregoing  resolution. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Berry  offered  a  protest  on  behalf  of  himself  and  others, 
against  the  decision  of  the  Assembly  in  judicial  case,  No.  1,  which  was  read 
and  admitted  to  record. 

On  motion,  Messrs.  Hoge,  Hoyt,  and  Simril  were  appointed  a  committee 
to  answer  the  protest. 

The  Committee  on  Leave  of  Absence  reported  that  they  had  granted 
leave  to  Messrs.  Hume  and  Jackson. 

The  Committee  on  the  Narrative  of  the  State  of  Religion  presented  a  re- 


404  MINUTES  OF  THE  [A.  D.  1847. 

port,  which  was  read,  adopted,  and  ordered  to  be  printed  in  the  Appendix  to 
the  Minutes. 

On  motion, 

Resolved,  That  the  Trustees  of  the  General  Assembly  be  directed  to  pay 
to  the  Stated  Clerk,  the  bills  for  the  incidental  expenses. 

The  Committee  appointed  to  answer  the  Protest  of  W.  T.  Berry  and 
others,  presented  a  report,  which  was  read  and  adopted,  and,  together  with 
the  protest,  ordered  to  be  entered  on  the  Minutes,  as  follows,  viz. 

PROTEST. 

The  undersigned  protest  against  the  decision  of  this  Assembly  on  dismis- 
sing the  complaint  of  Colin  Mclver  and  others  against  the  Synod  of  North 
Carolina  for  the  following  reasons.  1.  The  action  of  the  Assembly  of  1845 
on  the  ground  of  which  the  complaint  is  dismissed  by  this  Assembly,  was  not 
a  judicial  determination  of  the  case.  2.  If  it  had  been  a  judicial  determina- 
tion of  the  case,  it  was  unconstitutional,  and  therefore  void,  because  (1.)  it 
thereby  restored  to  the  ministry  and  the  privileges  of  the  Church,  one  who 
had  been  convicted  of  an  act  which  the  Confession  of  Faith,  chap.  24,  sect.  4, 
declares,  "  that  no  law  of  man  or  consent  of  parties  can  ever  make  valid." 
(2.)  It  was  not  competent  for  the  Assembly  of  1845  to  give  the  advice  and 
recommendation  which  they  did  in  this  case.  (3.)  According  to  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Assembly  itself,  the  action  of  the  Presbytery  was  discretion- 
ary, and  they  were  responsible  for  the  exercise  of  that  discretion  to  the  higher 
courts. 

R.  T.  Berry,  James  Kerr,  W.  H.  Mitchell,  A.  O.  Patterson,  G.  T.  Snow- 
den,  A.  G.  Mcllwaine,  W.  W.  White,  Loyal  Young,  P.  J.  Sparrow,  W.  T. 
Adams,  J.  L.  Belville,  Sayrs  Gazlay,  Wm.  Cooper,  John  P.  Kerr,  Edward 
W.  Wright,  James  Johnston. 

ANSWER. 

The  Protestants  have  respectfully  and  honestly  stated  their  views;  but,  we 
apprehend,  have  mistaken  the  true  nature  of  the  case;  for, 

1.  The  Assembly  of  1845  declare  in  their  records  that  they  did  act 
Judicially  on  the  complaint  and  memorial  of  Rev.  A.  McQueen;   and  did 

decide  that  the  ends  of  discipline  were  answered  in  his  case;  and  it  is  not 
competent  for  the  Protestants  or  for  this  Assembly  to  declare  the  contrary. 

2.  As  this  case  was  before  them  in  a  regular  manner,  it  is,  therefore,  not 
correct  to  affirm  that  their  act  was  unconstitutional  in  this  respect;  or  on  ac- 
count of  the  nature  of  their  decision. 

3.  The  constitution,  in  the  place  adduced,  is  to  be  interpreted  by  the  Word 
of  God,  which,  we  apprehend,  does  not  sustain  the  interpretation  of  the  Pro- 
testants in  that  sense  of  it  which  they  make  the  basis  of  their  protest. 

Further  answer  we  conceive  is  made  unnecessary  by  the  terms  of  the  re- 
solution adopted. 

The  Clerks  made  a  report  upon  the  papers  suitable  to  be  published  in  the 
Appendix;  whereupon  the  Stated  Clerk  was  instructed  to  publish  in  the  Ap- 
pendix as  follows,  viz.  Reports  of  Delegates  to  Corresponding  Bodies;  Re- 
ports of  Trustees  and  Directors  of  the  different  Theological  Seminaries;  Re- 
port and  accompanying  documents  of  the  Treasurer  of  Trustees  of  General 
Assembly;  Abstracts  of  Reports  of  Boards  of  Domestic  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sions, Education,  and  Publication;  Narrative  of  the  State  of  Religion;  and 
Reports  of  Committees  on  such  subjects  of  interest  and  importance  as  the 
Assembly  directs. 

On  motion,  Dr.  Snodgrass  was  added  to  the  Special  Committee  to  whom 
were  referred  overtures  Nos.  11  and  15. 


A.  D.  1847.]  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY.  405 

Whereas  it  is  of  great  importance,  for  many  reasons,  that  all  the  benevo- 
lent operations  of  the  Church  should  be  managed  with  the  most  thorough 
and  careful  economy  that  is  consistent  with  the  highest  degree  of  success; 
therefore, 

Resolved,  That  the  following  persons,  viz.  Dr.  Plumer,  Mr.  Brown,  Mr. 
Hunt,  Mr.  Russell,  and  Mr.  Walker,  be  appointed  to  examine  the  pecuniary 
management  of  the  Boards  of  the  General  Assembly;  that  they  confer  with 
the  Boards  respectively,  and  suggest  such  improvements  as  they  may  be  able 
to  devise;  and  that  they  report  fully  to  the  next  General  Assembly. 

The  roll  was  called,  and  on  motion,  no  record  made  of  absentees. . 

The  minutes  were  read  and  approved. 

The  Assembly  having  completed  their  business,  it  was 

Resolved,  That  this  General  Assembly  be  dissolved,  and  that  another 
General  Assembly,  chosen  in  like  manner,  be  required  to  meet  in  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  on  the  third  Thursday  of  May, 
A.  D.  1848,  at  eleven  o'clock,  A.  M. 

Accordingly,  the  Moderator  dissolved  the  Assembly  with  singing,  prayer, 
and  the  apostolical  benediction. 

ROBERT  DAVIDSON,  Permanent  Clerk. 

Richmond,  May  31st,  1847. 


Vol.  XI.— 42 


(     406    ) 


APPENDIX. 


NARRATIVE  OF  THE  STATE  OF  RELIGION 

ADOPTED  BY  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES, 
AND  ADDRESSED  TO  THE  CHURCHES  UNDER  THEIR  CARE. 

Christian  Brethren — While  occupied  with  matters  pertaining  to  the  govern- 
ment and  discipline  of  the  Church  in  her  external  and  visible  relations,  we  do  not 
forget  that  her  vital  interests  are  those  which  are  internal  and  spiritual.  "  As  the 
body  without  the  spirit  is  dead,"  so  faith  and  government  in  the  house  of  God  are 
nothing  without  the  presence  and  agency  of  that  divine  Spirit,  who  is  the  sole 
efficient  agent  in  edifying  the  body  of  Christ,  as  well  as  in  quickening  those  who 
are  dead  in  trespasses  and  sins.  The  Assembly  therefore  turn  with  interest,  in 
the  course  of  their  sessions,  to  the  Reports  of  the  Presbyteries  on  the  State  of  Re- 
ligion within  their  respective  bounds;  expecting  that  these  communications  will 
reveal  the  internal  condition  of  the  Church  in  some  measure  as  it  is,  and  serve  as 
a  guide  to  right  sentiments  and  feelings  in  the  review  of  the  past,  as  well  as  to 
proper  resolutions  and  purposes  in  reference  to  the  future. 

Narratives  have  been  received  during  the  sessions  of  this  Assembly  from  eighty- 
four  Presbyteries ;  and  these,  when  collated  and  compared,  exhibit  almost  all  the 
varieties  of  light  and  shade  which  a  moral  picture  could  be  supposed  to  present. 
They  bring  before  our  minds  alternate  views  of  dearth  and  fruitful  showers,  of 
barrenness  and  of  fruitfulness,  of  lukewarmness  and  zeal,  of  decline  and  improve- 
ment. And,  while  this  is  true  of  Presbyteries  as  compared  with  each  other,  the 
remark  is  often  applicable  to  congregations  within  the  limits  of  the  same  Pres- 
bytery. 

There  is  a  remarkable  agreement  among  the  reports  in  what  they  communicate 
respecting  the  attendance  of  our  people  upon  the  public  worship  of  God  on  the 
Sabbath.  Most  of  the  Presbyteries  refer  to  this;  and,  with  few  exceptions, speak 
of  the  attendance,  not  only  as  equal  to  what  it  has  been  in  former  years,  but  as 
better  to  a  degree  which  is  highly  encouraging.  As  faith  cometh  by  hearing,  we 
cannot  but  regard  this  as  a  token  for  good.  It  may  be  that  we  are  thus  furnished 
with  a  providential  sign  that  the  Lord  is  preparing  his  own  way,  and  that  the  time 
is  near  when  a  rich  harvest  is  to  be  reaped  as  the  fruit  of  the  seed  which  is  thus 
extensively  sown. 

We  notice  also  with  pleasure,  lhat  a  large  number  of  the  Presbyteries  refer  with 
evident  satisfaction  to  the  peace  and  harmony  which  prevail  in  the  churches  under 
their  care.  For,  although  the  absence  of  disunion  and  contention  is  no  certain 
proof  that  the  cause  of  truth  and  piety  is  advancing  upon  the  surrounding  world, 
it  is  yet  a  good  and  pleasant  thing  for  brethren  to  dwell  together  in  unity.  The 
Spirit  of  theXord  is  the  spirit  of  peace ;  and  to  keep  the  unity  of  the  spirit  in  the 


A.  D.  1947.]         NARRATIVE    OF    THE    STATE    OF    RELIGION.  407 

bond  of  peace  is  one  of  the  great  duties  devolved  upon  professing  Christians.  You 
will  rejoice  therefore  in  the  intelligence,  that  the  churches  have  been  so  exten- 
sively preserved  during  the  past  year  from  all  occasions  of  alienation  and  strife, 
and  have  walked  together  with  so  much  agreement  and  good- will  in  the  faith  and 
fellowship  of  the  gospel. 

We  are  not  aware  that  any  previous  Assembly  has  received  intelligence  from 
so  many  quarters,  of  efforts  made  for  the  liquidation  of  debts  upon  houses  of  wor- 
ship. The  evils  resulting  from  the  pressure  of  pecuniary  claims  of  this  descrip- 
tion are  so  multiform  and  serious,  that  we  cannot  but  rejoice  in  every  successful 
effort  either  to  remove  or  lighten  the  burden  which  they  impose.  A  new  interest 
has  evidently  been  awakened  in  many  of  the  churches  on  this  subject.  And,  in 
cases  not  a  few,  the  immediate  practical  result  has  been,  the  payment  in  full  of 
pecuniary  liabilities  which  had  long  interfered  with  their  prosperity,  and  restrained 
their  liberality  towards  other  objects  of  benevolence. 

Although  the  Assembly  do  not  perceive  any  marked  difference  between  the  re- 
ports of  this  and  several  previous  years  in  respect  to  the  religious  training  of  the 
young,  they  still  regard  the  subject  as  too  important  to  be  dismissed  without  no- 
tice. The  children  and  youth  of  any  one  generation  are  to  form  the  character 
and  give  shape  to  the  destinies  of  the  generation  which  is  to  follow.  And,  for  this 
reason,  there  are  no  efforts  so  full  of  promise  to  the  Church  and  the  world  as  those 
which  bear  upon  the  education  of  the  rising  race  in  the  pure  principles  of  the 
gospel  of  Christ.  Jt  is  with  reference  to  this  end  that  our  Sabbath-schools  are 
collected  and  organized,  that  our  Bible  classes  are  formed,  and  that  measures  are 
taken  to  instruct  the  children  of  our  congregations  in  the  catechisms  of  the  Church. 
These  modes  of  education,  although  they  are  not  intended,  and  cannot  with  safety 
be  allowed,  to  take  the  place  of  parental  instruction,  are  nevertheless  to  be  re- 
garded as  important  auxiliaries.  And  we  are  enabled  to  state,  that  during  the 
past  year,  the  interest  of  the  churches  in  them  has  suffered  no  decline.  They  have 
been  employed  quite  as  extensively,  and  in  many  cases  with  more  vigour  and  effi- 
ciency than  heretofore.  We  also  notice  with  pleasure  that  one  of  the  Presby- 
teries (West  Jersey)  remarks,  "  We  are  beginning  to  inquire  into  the  practica- 
bility of  organizing  Parochial  Schools,  in  which  the  children  of  our  churches  may 
receive  a  Christian  education ;  and  it  is  expected  that  three  or  four  of  these  will 
be  opened  in  the  course  of  the  summer ;"  and  that  in  the  report  of  another  Pres- 
bytery (Western  District)  we  find  it  stated:  "In  the  first  church  in  Memphis  a 
Parochial  School  has  been  established,  and  other  churches  have  that  subject  under 
consideration."  These  are  examples  which  we  trust  will  be  followed  by  the  other 
Presbyteries  in  quick  and  rapid  succession.  It  is  high  time  that  all  evangelical 
churches  were  awake  to  the  importance  of  securing  an  education  on  Christian 
principles  to  those  who  are  to  occupy  the  posts  of  influence  when  the  fathers  have 
fallen  asleep. 

It  is  our  privilege  to  say,  in  view  of  the  sources  of  information  which  have  been 
opened  to  us  by  the  Presbyteries,  that  our  congregations  have  done  more  than  in 
any  former  year,  to  advance  the  cause  of  Christ  by  their  pecuniary  contributions. 
To  say  nothing  of  the  sums  which  have  been  expended  in  erecting  new  houses  of 
worship,  in  supplying  the  famishing  of  other  lands  with  the  means  of  subsistence, 
and  in  sustaining  benevolent  enterprises  which  are  not  immediately  under  the  Care 
of  our  own  church,  we  find  that  the  Boards  of  Domestic  and  Foreign  Missions,  and 
the  Board  of  Education,  all  report  an  increase  in  the  amount  of  their  funds,  and 
speak  of  their  fields  of  labour  respectively,  as  becoming  wider  and  more  white 
unto  the  harvest.  We  cannot  enter  into  particulars  here  ;  nor  is  it  needful,  as  the 
reports  of  these  Boards  at  length,  will  be  spread  before  the  church  for  their  perusal 
and  consideration.  But  you  will  allow  us  to  say,  affectionately  and  earnestly,  that 
we  have  only  begun  to  do  our  duty  in  the  great  work  of  raising  up  a  learned, 
pious,  and  faithful  ministry,  and  in  sending  them  forth  to  supply  the  waste  places 
both  at  home  and  abroad.  The  age  and  country  in  which  we  live,  the  number  and 
resources  of  our  church,  the  love  of  Christ,  the  wants  of  the  world,  and  the  hope 
of  heaven,  call  upon  us  for  still  greater  things  in  this  department  than  we  have 
yet  accomplished. 

We  are  notified  by  the  Board  of  Publication,  that,  during  the  past  year,  they 
have  taken  a  step  in  advance  of  their  previous  action.  They  have  resolved  on 
availing  themselves  of  the  colporteur  system  in  circulating  their  issues  among  the 


409  NARRATIVE    OF    THE    STATE    OF    RELIGION.  [Appendix. 

churches,  and  in  destitute  neighbourhoods.  The  value  of  this  agency  has  been  so 
far  exemplified  in  the  experience  of  other  associations,  as  fully  to  justify  the  ex- 
pectation that  if  they  should  be  enabled  to  employ  it  extensively,  the  results  would 
be  most  happy.  This  however,  they  cannot  do  unless  funds  are  placed  at  their 
disposal  for  this  purpose.  The  income  from  the  sale  of  books  would  not  justify 
them  in  going  forward  to  any  considerable  extent;  but,  having  received  generous 
donations  from  a  few  individuals,  and  trusting  that  the  plan  will  find  increasing 
favour,  they  have  entered  upon  the  work.  A  few  agents  have  been  appointed, 
who  have  already  entered  upon  their  respective  fields,  and  their  purpose  is  to  in- 
crease the  number  as  fast  as  the  means  which  they  may  receive  will  warrant. 

In  reviewing  the  past,  we  find  that  notice  has  been  taken  by  several  previous 
Assemblies  of  the  interest  manifested  in  the  religious  instruction  of  the  coloured 
population  of  our  country.  The  reports  received  this  year,  justify  the  belief  that 
this  interest  has  greatly  increased  since  the  meeting  of  the  last  Assembly.  Almost 
all  the  Presbyteries  covering  the  ground  where  this  portion  of  our  population  are 
found  in  the  greatest  numbers,  refer  to  the  subject,  and  speak  of  efforts  to  supply 
them  with  the  means  of  grace,  as  being  decidedly  on  the  advance.  The  following 
are  specimens  of  the  communications  we  have  received  on  this  subject.  The  Pres- 
bytery of  South  Alabama  say:  "Perhaps  without  a  solitary  exception,  our  minis- 
ters are  devoting  a  considerable  part  of  their  labours  to  the  benefit  of  the  coloured 
population.  It  is  a  field  which  we  all  love  to  cultivate;  and  to  some,  the  great 
Head  of  the  Church  is  intimating  an  abundant  harvest."  "  Most  of  our  pastors," 
say  the  Presbytery  of  Charleston,  "devote  a  part  of  their  time  to  the  exclusive 
service  of  the  blacks,  and  in  some  instances  with  the  most  pleasing  success.  A 
scheme  is  now  in  agitation,  with  the  full  consent  of  the  Presbytery,  for  establish- 
ing; an  African  church  in  the  city  of  Charleston."  The  Presbytery  of  Georgia 
remark,  in  relation  to  one  of  their  number  who  devotes  his  whole  time  to  this 
work:  "  During  the  year  he  has  been  blessed  with  a  revival  in  one  part  of  his  field 
of  labour.  Fourteen  professed  conversion,  and  were  added  to  the  church.  An- 
other brother,  in  another  part  of  our  bounds,  reports  the  conversion  and  reception 
into  the  church  to  which  he  ministers  of  eight  coloured  persons."  And  the  Presbytery 
of  Hopewell  speakof  their  churches  generally,  as  cheerfully  yielding  the  half  of 
their  pastor's  services  to  this  department  of  labour.  They  also  express  the  belief 
that  several  churches  will  soon  be  erected  for  the  exclusive  accommodation  of  the 
coloured  people,  and  that  the  field  will  be  occupied  as  missionary  ground  by  at 
least  one  of  their  number,  who  is  deeply  interested  in  the  work.  Many  other 
Presbyteries  have  addressed  us  in  substantially  the  same  language;  and  we  record 
these  facts  as  going  to  encourage  the  hope  that  a  better  day  is  about  to  dawn  upon 
the  interests  of  this  long  neglected  class  of  our  people. 

On  the  subject  of  Temperance  the  reports  of  this  year  are  exceedingly  various, 
and,  on  the  whole,  less  encouraging  than  we  were  prepared  to  expect.  Seventeen  of 
the  Presbyteries  speak  of  the  cause  either  as  stationary,  or  retrograde  in  some  parts 
of  their  bounds,  while  the  number  is  much  fewer  that  represent  it  as  exhibiting 
tokens  of  decided  advancement.  It  is  true,  indeed,  as  one  of  the  Presbyteries  re- 
marks, that  we  are  to  distinguish  between  the  temperance  cause  and  temperance 
societies.  The  latter  may  sometimes  suffer  a  temporary  decline  in  numbers  and 
efficiency,  for  other  reasons  than  because  the  great  principles  of  the  temperance 
reformation  are  losing  their  hold  upon  the  public  mind.  And  this,  we  would  hope, 
is  in  some  measure  true  of  the  present  position  of  things,  in  reference  to  this  in- 
terest. But,  however  this  may  be,  it  is  plain  enough  that  intemperance  is  still  a 
giant  evil  among  the  others,  which  are  spreading  desolation  through  the  land,  and 
one  which,  in  many  places,  is  increasing  instead  of  declining  in  strength.  Let 
the  members  of  our  churches  and  congregations  be  assured  of  this;  but,  instead  of 
filling  them  with  alarm  or  discouragement,  let  this  assurance  awaken  them  to  new 
and  more  faithful  exertions  in  endeavouring  to  stem  the  tide  of  this  evil,  and  de- 
liver the  nation  from  its  unrelenting  and  cruel  bondage. 

We  learn  from  the  Reports  of  twenty-one  of  our  Presbyteries,  that  special 
awakenings,  more  or  less  extensive,  have  occurred  within  their  bounds  during  the 
progress  of  the  year.  In  some  cases,  the  churches  are  mentioned  by  name,  while 
in  others,  the  statements  are  without  reference  to  particular  localities.  The  Pres- 
bytery of  Charleston  speak  of  their  largest  church  as  having  received  an  addition 
during  the  year,  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  converts,  who  give  good  reasons 


A.  D.  1847.]  REFORTS  OF  DELEGATES.  409 

for  believing  that  they  have  been  born  again  ;  and  also  of  the  presence  of  the 
Spirit  as  having  been  felt  in  other  churches.  The  Presbytery  of  Hopewell  say: 
"Reviving  showers  of  Divine  grace  have  descended  on  nine  churches."  And  they 
refer  to  Franklin  College,  at  Athens,  Georgia,  the  University  at  Midway,  and  two 
schools  under  the  care  of  two  members  of  Presbytery,  as  participating  in  this  spi- 
ritual bounty.  The  Presbytery  of  Flint  River  report  jive  churches  in  which  the 
work  of  God  has  been  attended  with  much  power  and  grace,  and  the  Presbyteries 
of  Louisville,  West  Hanover,  and  Transylvania  about  an  equal  number;  the  latter 
referring  especially  to  the  College  at  Danville,  as  having  shared  in  the  converting 
influences  of  the  Spirit.  One  or  more  churches  have  received  refreshing  visita- 
tions within  the  bounds  of  the  Presbyteries  of  Tuscaloosa,  Columbia,  Harmony, 
East  Alabama,  Missouri,  East  Hanover,  Iowa,  Schuyler,  Brazos,  Palestine,  Miami, 
Ohio,  Raritan,  Newton,  Elizabethtown,  and  New  York;  and, after  these,  there  are 
several  others  which  speak  of  an  awakened  state  of  feeling  among  professing 
Christians,  where  no  considerable  accessions  have  occurred  from  the  world. 

But  while  we  record  ihese  tokens  of  the  Divine  presence  and  favour,  with  gra- 
titude to  the  Head  of  the  Church  and  as  an  encouragement  to  believe  that  God  is 
still  waiting  to  be  gracious,  we  are  compelled  in  truth  and  faithfulness  to  say  that 
a  large  majority  of  the  Presbyteries  speak  of  the  piety  of  the  churches  generally 
as  in  a  low  state.  They  mourn  over  the  lukewarmness  of  professing  Christians, 
their  worldly  conformity,  their  want  of  interest  in  meetings  for  prayer  and  Chris- 
tian communion,  and  the  consequent  inefficiency  of  their  example  and  influence 
for  good.  There  is  great  reason  for  humiliation,  repentance,  and  turning  to  the 
Lord  on  this  behalf.  The  Spirit  of  the  Lord  is  not  among  us  as  in  former  times; 
and  we  trust,  brethren,  that  you  will  be  disposed,  with  us,  to  cry  aloud  and  spare 
not,  until  God  shall  return  and  make  our  Jerusalem  a  praise  in  the  earth. 

We  are  admonished  by  the  reports  which  we  have  received  of  the  death  of 
both  ministers  and  elders,  that  our  time  for  prayer  and  labour  is  short,  and  that 
whatsoever  our  hands  rind  to  do,  it  becomes  us  to  do  with  our  might.  One  Pres- 
bytery records  the  death  of  no  less  than  three  of  their  number,  as  occurring  in  the 
short  period  of  six  months ;  and  this  list,  if  we  were  in  possession  of  all  the  facts, 
might  be  greatly  extended.  We,  as  individuals,  are  to  be  followers  of  them  who 
through  faith  and  patience  have  inherited  the  promises  in  death  as  well  as  in  life. 
The  Master  in  whose  vineyard  we  labour,  will  soon  convey  to  us  the  message: 
"Give  an  account  of  thy  stewardship;  thou  mayest  be  no  longer  steward." 
Wherefore,  beloved  brethren,  let  us  arise  and  work  while  it  is  called  to-day.  Let 
us  forget  the  things  which  are  behind,  and  reach  forth  to  those  things  which  are 
before.  Let  us  be  steadfast  and  unmovable,  always  abounding  in  the  work  of  the 
Lord,  forasmuch  as  we  know  that  our  labour  is  not  in  vain  in  the  Lord." 

J.  H.  Thornwell,  Moderator. 
Richmond,  June,  1847. 


REPORTS  OF  DELEGATES. 


REPORT  OF    THE   DELEGATE   TO   THE  GENERAL  CONFERENCE  OF  MAINE. 
To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir, — The  undersigned  being  commissioned  by  the  last  Assem- 
bly as  a  delegate  to  the  General  Conference  of  Maine,  reports  that  in  accord- 
ance with  that  appointment,  he  attended,  in  June  last,  the  sessions  of  said  Con- 
ference in  Augusta,  the  capital  of  the  State,  and  was  received  and  treated  with 
the  kindness  due  to  their  character  as  Christian  gentlemen,  as  well  as  the  con- 
sideration due  to  the  body  by  which  he  was  commissioned. 

Your  commissioner  was  not  only  gratified,  as  a  man,  by  the  considerations  of 
respect  paid  to  him  personally,  but  as  a  minister  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  with 
the  evidences  of  piety,  talents,  and  orthodoxy  there  exhibited.  In  all  their  exer- 
cises there  was  a  uniform  and  unfailing  character  of  devotedness  to  their  Master 
evinced  both  in  their  personal  intercourse  and  the  high  tone  of  their  doctrinal  truth. 

42* 


410  REroRTs  or  delegates.  [Appendix. 

Your  delegate  was  permitted  to  recount  what  God  was  doing  for  and  by  the 
venerable  body  from  which  he  came,  and  as  of  old,  in  Phenice  and  Samaria,  it 
appeared  to  cause  "  great  joy  unto  all  the  brethren." 

Your  Commissioner  would  further  remark  the  great  pleasure  which  he  enjoyed 
in  the  many  evidences  which  appeared  to  him,  on  his  journey  and  intercourse  with 
the  brethren,  of  the  reflex,  if  not  direct  influence  in  favour  of  the  truth  as  it  is  in 
Christ,  which  has  resulted  to  our  American  Zion  in  all  its  orthodox  branches  from 
the  recent  struggle  and  testimony  of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

J.  Gray. 

Easton,  Pa.,  May  15th,  1847. 

REPORT  OF  THE  DELEGATE  TO  THE  GENERAL  CONVENTION  OF  VERMONT. 

To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir, — The  undersigned  having  been  appointed  by  the  General 
Assembly  of  1846,  a  delegate  to  the  General  Convention  of  Vermont,  respectfully 
reports  that  he  attended  to  the  duties  of  his  appointment,  and  met  the  Convention 
in  Middlebury,  in  June  last. 

Your  delegate  was  received  with  Christian  courtesy  and  kindness,  and  had  his 
spirits  refreshed  by  the  fellowship  of  those  worthy  brethren. 

They  evinced  much  interest  in  the  statements  he  had  the  privilege  of  making 
concerning  the  efforts  making  in  the  Southern  portion  of  country,  to  give  the  gos- 
pel to  the  slave  by  our  own  and  sister  churches — and  the  wide  and  increasing 
field  of  usefulness  opened  to  the  American  Church  in  this  interesting  department 
of  Christian  enterprise.  The  Convention,  in  a  spirit  of  reciprocal  courtesy,  ap- 
pointed a  delegate  to  represent  them  in  the  General  Assembly  for  the  present 
year.     All  which  is  respectfully  submitted, 

Robert  S.  Finley. 

Memphis,  Tennessee,  6th  May,  1847. 


REPORT  OF  THE  DELEGATE  TO  THE  GENERAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  MASSA- 
CHUSETTS. 

To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Dear  Sir, — It  is  my  duty  to  report  to  the  Assembly,  that  I  attended  the  Gene- 
ral Association  of  the  Congregational  Churches  of  Massachusetts,  which  met 
in  the  town  of  Pepperel,  in  the  month  of  June  last.  Dr.  P.  Lindsley  was  principal, 
and  I  attended  as  alternate. 

There  was  a  full  and  harmonious  meeting  of  delegates,  and  a  fraternal  and  con- 
servative spirit  seemed  to  prevail  amongst  them. 

They  gave  me  a  very  cordial  reception,  and  manifested  a  disposition  to  maintain 
friendly  relations  with  this  body.  A  delegate  was  appointed  to  attend  this  Assem- 
bly as  their  representative.     With  respect  and  affection,  yours, 

B.  H.  Rice. 

Richmond,  30th  May,  1847. 

P.  S.  This  report  should  have  been  made  at  an  earlier  day,  but  for  my  peculiar 
circumstances. 


REPORT  OF  THE  DELEGATE  TO  THE  EVANGELICAL  CONSOCIATION  OF 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

Salem,  N.  J.,  May  18,  1847. 

To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir — The  undersigned  respectfully  reports  that  he  attended 
according  to  appointment,  the  Evangelical  Consociation  of  Rhode  Island,  at  Wes- 
terly, in  June  last;  that  be  received  a  kind  and  fraternal  welcome  in  the  capacity 
of  delegate  from  the  Assembly  ;  and  was  much  gratified  by  his  intercourse  with 
the  members  of  the  Consociation.  It  is  a  small  body,  but  pervaded  by  an  excel- 
lent spirit,  and  evidently  'contributes  materially  to  the  cause  of  truth  and  godli- 


A.  D.  1847.]  REPORTS  OF  DELEGATES.  411 

ness  in  that  small  bat  interesting-  State.     A  delegate  was  appointed  to  meet  the 
Assembly  in  1847;  and  the  body  itself  convenes  again  at  Newport,  in  June  next, 
where  a  delegate  from  the  Assembly  will  doubtless  meet  a  cordial  reception. 
Respectfully,  your  servant  in  Christ, 

James  J.  Helm. 


REPORT  OF  THE  DELEGATE  TO  THE  GENERAL  ASSOCIATION  OF  CONNECTICUT. 

Lawrenceville,  N.  J.,  May  15,  1847. 

To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir — The  undersigned,  appointed  by  the  General  Assembly  of 
1846,  to  attend  the  General  Association  of  Connecticut,  reports  that  he  fulfilled 
his  appointment. 

The  Association  met  in  Somers,  Tolland  county,  on  the  19th  of  June,  and  re- 
mained in  session  about  two  days. 

In  performing  the  duties  of  his  mission,  it  was  the  object  of  your  delegate,  after 
tendering  to  the  brethren  of  the  Association  an  expression  of  your  good  wishes, 
to  give  a  brief  statement  of  the  condition  and  prospects  of  our  branch  of  the 
church. 

And  in  doing  this  he  did  not  forget  to  turn  their  attention  particularly  to  the 
interest  we  have  taken  in  the  coloured  population.  The  views  of  many  of  those 
brethren  in  relation  to  us,  as  connected  with  this  subject,  I  am  happy  to  say,  are 
greatly  modified.  Being  requested  by  one  of  the  District  Associations  to  "  remon- 
strate" with  us,  touching  our  duty  to  this  part  of  our  people,  the  General  Associa- 
tion appointed  a  committee  whose  report  referred  to  our  action  on  this  subject  in 
the  kindest  terms,  and  was  unanimously  adopted. 

Whilst  there  did  not  appear  to  have  been  so  many  added  to  their  churches  as  in 
some  previous  years,  there  was,  manifestly,  indicated  a  growing  attachment  to 
gospel  truth. 

Delegates  were  appointed  to  attend  your  present  meeting. 

More  than  ever  sensible  of  the  importance  of  kind,  fraternal  intercourse,  the 
undersigned  respectfully  submits  the  above,  expressing  the  hope  that  this  disposi- 
tion to  a  friendly  correspondence  on  their  part  will  continue  to  be  reciprocated 
by  us. 

Yours,  &c. 

Joseph  Mahon. 


REPORT  OF  THE  DELEGATE  TO  THE  REFORMED  DUTCH  CHURCH. 

To  the  Moderator  of  the  General  Assembly. 

Rev.  and  Dear  Sir — It  was  my  privilege  to  be  appointed  by  the  General  As- 
sembly of  1846,  as  a  delegate  to  the  General  Synod  of  the  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church. 

That  venerable  body  held  its  session  in  the  city  of  Albany,  and  continued  from 
the  3d  to  the  11th  day  of  June. 

Your  delegate  was  received  with  marked  kindness  and  Christian  courtesy,  and 
with  no  small  degree  of  gratification  witnessed  the  proceedings  of  that  orthodox 
and  Christian  Synod.  The  highest  degree  of  parliamentary  order  and  Christian 
kindness  prevailed,  even  in  their  most  earnest  discussions,  and  uniformly  marked 
their  deliberations. 

The  respected  president  of  that  body  took  occasion  during  the  session,  to  assure 
your  delegate  on  behalf  of  the  Synod,  that  they  feel  bound  to  the  Presbyterian 
Church  by  a  close  affinity,  a  special  regard  and  a  peculiar  affection,  inasmuch  as 
we  stand  on  the  same  basis  of  Christian  faith,  are  animated  by  the  same  earnest 
zeal  for  the  peculiar  and  distinguishing  doctrines  of  grace,  and  contend  with  one 
accord  against  all  the  shades  of  error  involved  in  the  great  apostacy. 

He  also  expressed  the  deep  interest  felt  by  that  Synod  in  maintaining  a  friendly 
correspondence  with  the  General  Assembly. 

The  Synod  is  a  delegated  body  composed  of  an  equal  representation  of  minis- 


412  theological  seminaries.  [Appendix. 

ters  and  elders  from  the  twenty-four  classes  composing  the  two  particular  Synods 
of  Albany  and  New  York.  They  are  prosecuting  the  work  of  Education  to  some 
extent,  and  that  of  Domestic  and  Foreign  Missions  with  efficiency.  They  look 
with  no  ordinary  degree  of  interest  upon  the  example  and  operations  of  the  Gene- 
ral Assembly  in  ihese  different  departments  of  Christian  enterprise.  Their  Col- 
lege and  Theological  Seminary  appear  to  be  in  a  prosperous  condition. 
The  summary  of  their  statistics  in  1846,  is  as  follows: 

Whole  number  churches,  271 

"  ministers,  280 

"  candidates,  3 

"  students,  27 

"  of  families,   23,301 

Total  of  the  congregations,  104,098 
Received  on  confession,  841 

"  certificate,  961 

Total  of  communicants,  32,209 
Infants  baptized,  132 

Adults,  150 

Catechumens,  6,138 

Number  of  Sabbath  schools,  356 
Number  of  scholars,  18,303 

The  Synod  appointed  the  Rev.  Jacob  Schoonmaker,  D.D.,  primarius,  and  the 
Rev.  Samuel  A.  Van  Vranken,D.D.,  secundus,  to  attend  the  General  Assembly  of 
1S47.  The  next  meeting  of  the  Synod  will  be  held  in  the  city  of  New  York,  on 
the  3d  day  of  June,  1847. 

Yours,  most  respectfully, 

Henry  G.  Comingo. 
Steubenville,  Ohio,  May  1,  1847. 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES. 

ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE    DIRECTORS  OF  UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY, 
IN  PRINCE  EDWARD  COUNTY,  VIRGINIA,  MAY  1,  1847. 

The  undersigned,  in  behalf  of  the  Directors  of  Union  Seminary,  under  the  care 
of  the  Synods  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  respectfully  reports  to  the  General 
Assembly,  that,  during  the  Seminary  year,  terminating  the  10th  day  of  June, 
1846,  there  were  eighteen  students  in  connexion  with  the  Institution,  of  whom 
the  following  have  been  matriculated  during  the  year,  viz. 

Wm.  H.  Ruffner,  a  graduate  of  Washington  College,  Va. 
J.  E.  Hughes,  do.  Hampden  Sidney  College,  Va. 

John  S.  Grasty,  do.  do.  do.        do. 

Thomas  H.  Morehead,  do.  Centre  College,  Ky. 

Henry  Sturges,  do.  College  of  New  Jersey. 

The  following  gentlemen  received  certificates  of  their  having  completed  the 
course  of  studies  required  by  the  plan  of  the  Seminary  in  June,  1846,  viz. 

R.  L.  Dabney,  of  Louisa  county,  Va. 
A.  L.  Hogshead,  of  Monroe  county,  Va. 
J.  M.  Humphreys,  of  Augusta  county,  Va. 
D.  C.  Humphreys,  do.  do. 

C.  K.  Caldwell,  of  Mecklenburg,  N.  C. 
.1.  H.  Smith,  of  Lexington,  Va. 
J.  M.  Rice,  of  Franklin  county,  Va. 

The  current  session  closes  on  the  9th  day  of  June,  1847,  and  the  next  term 
commences  on  the  18th  day  of  August,  1847. 


A.  D.  1847.]  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARIES.  413 

The  confidence  of  the  Board  in  the  faithfulness  of  the  instructors  is  undimin- 
ished ;  and  the  annual  contribution,  by  Union  Seminary,  of  ministers  well  pre- 
pared for  efficient  service  in  their  holy  work,  yields  ample  testimony  of  the  ability 
of  Professors  and  Associate  Instructor. 

The  following  ministers  and  ruling  elders  compose  the  Board  of  Directors,  viz. 

OF    THE    SYNOD    OF   NORTH    CAROLINA. 
MINISTERS.  RULING    ELDERS. 

John  A.  Gretter,  William  W.  Carrington,  M.  D. 

E.  McNair,  Richard  V.  Watkins, 

Henry  N.  Pharr,  James  Garland. 

A.  G.  Hughes, 
Drury  Lacy, 
Archibald  Baker, 
Robert  Burwell, 
A.  L.  Watts. 

OF    THE    SYNOD    OF    VIRGINIA. 
MINISTERS.  RULING    ELDERS. 

Andrew  Hart,  C.  C.  Read, 

WilliamS.  White,  A.  G.  Mcllwaine, 

Benjamin  M.  Smith,  William  A.  Bell, 

William  H.  Foote,  William  S.  Morton,  M.  D. 

John  Leyburn, 
John  D.  Ewing, 
George  W.  McPhail. 

The  term  of  office  of  the  following  Directors  expires  with  the  sessions  of  their 
respective  Synods,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  RULING   ELDERS. 

J.  D.  Ewing,  W.  S.  Morton,  M.  D. 

G.  W.  McPhail,  James  Garland. 

R.  Burwell, 
A.  L.  Watts. 

There  are  two  vacancies  in  the  Directory,  occasioned  by  a  removal  from  the 
bounds  of  their  respective  Synods,  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  William  S.  Plumer,  and  N.  C. 
Read,  Esq. 

THE    OFFICERS    OF    THE    BOARD    ARE 
,  President. 


Rev.  Robert  Burwell,  of  North  Carolina,  1st.  Vice  President. 
Rev.  W.  Henry  Foote,  of  Virginia,  2d  Vice  President. 

C.  C.  Read,  Farmville,  Virginia,  Secretary  pro  tern. 

F.  N.  Watkins,  Farmville,  Virginia,  Treasurer. 

THE    PROFESSORS    OF    THE    SEMINARY   ARE 

Rev.  Samuel  B.  Wilson,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Theology. 

Rev.  Samuel  L.  Graham,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Oriental  and  Biblical  Literature. 
Rev.  Francis  S.  Sampson,  A.  M.  Assistant  Instructor. 
Respectfully  submitted. 

C.  C.  Read,  Secretary  pro  tern,  to  the  Board. 

The  Post-office  address  of  the  Professors  and  Students  of  Union  Seminary,  is 
Prince  Edward  Court  House,  Virginia. 


414 


THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES. 


[Appendix, 


TWENTIETH    ANNUAL    REPORT    OF    THE    BOARD    OF    DIRECTORS    OF    THE 
WESTERN  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  ALLEGHENY  CITY,  PA. 

The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  respectfully 
report  to  the  General  Assembly,  that  since  the  last  annual  report,  the  following 
sixteen  students  have  been  regularly  matriculated,  viz. 

James  H.  Callen,  a  graduate  of  La  Fayette  College,  Pennsylvania. 


D.  Elliott  Campbell,  do. 
R.  S.  Dinsmore, 

S.  M.  Eaton,  do. 

George  Elliott,  do. 

James  P.  Fulton,  do. 

William  F.  Hamilton,  do. 
Silas  Johnston, 

O.  J.  King,  do. 

John  J.  Neal,  do. 

Michael  Parkinson,  do. 

Joseph  S.  Pomroy,  do. 

W.  G.  Taylor,  do. 

John  W.  Walker,  do. 
R.  E.  Williams, 


Marshall  College,  Pa. 
West  Alexander  Academy,  Pa. 
Jefferson  College,  Pa. 
Duquesne  College,  Pa. 
Washington  College,  Pa. 
do.  do. 

Martinsburgh  Academy,  Ohio. 
Washington  College,  Pa. 
do.  do. 

Jefferson  College,  Pa. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 

do.  do. 

Nassau  Hall,  New  Jersey. 


William  Wilson,  Muskingum  College,  Ohio. 

The  highest  number  of  students  in  attendance  during  the  year  has  been  forty- 
eight.  The  students  have  been  examined  in  the  presence  of  a  committee,  who 
report  that  the  examinations  were  satisfactory. 

Certificates  of  having  finished  the  whole  course  prescribed  in  the  plan  were 
conferred  by  the  Board  on  the  following  seven  students,  viz.  William  Edgar, 
William  R.  Fulton,  Thomas  S.  Leason,  Andrew  McElwain,  Ephraim  Ogden, 
David  C.  Reed,  and  George  W.  Shaiffer. 

The  Board  further  report,  that  the  Rev.  Lewis  W.  Green,  D.  D.  tendered  to  the 
Board  on  the  third  day  of  October  last,  his  resignation  of  the  Professorship  to 
which  he  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly,  and  which  he  has  occupied  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  Board  for  several  years  past,  having  been  called  to  take 
charge  of  a  church  in  Baltimore.  Professor  Green  retired  from  his  duties  in  the 
Seminary  in  February  last,  since  which  time  his  department  has  been  filled  by 
the  joint  labours  of  the  other  Professors. 

The  term  of  office  of  the  following  members  of  the  Board  expires  during  the 
sessions  of  the  Assembly  : 


MINISTERS. 


RULING  ELDERS. 


Robert  Johnston,  Harmar  Denny, 

William  Jeffery,  Alexander  Semple, 

Charles  C.  Beatty,  D.  D.  Malcolm  Leech. 

Samuel  McFarren,  D.  D. 
Loyal  Young, 
Richard  Lea, 
Henry  G.  Comingo. 
One  vacancy  for  two  years  in  place  of  the  Rev.  R.  Dunlap,  deceased. 


THE  PROFESSORS  IN  THE   SEMINARY   ARE 

Rev.  David  Elliott,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology. 
Rev.  Alexander  T.  McGill,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church 
Government. 


A.  D.  1847.]  THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES.  415 


THE  DIRECTORS  OF  THE  SEMINARV  ARE 
MINISTERS.  RULING  ELDERS. 

David  McConaughy,  D.  D.  Alexander  Laughlin, 

A.  O.  Patterson,  D.  D.  Francis  G.  Bailey, 

R.  J.  Breckenridge,  D.  D.  Thomas  Kiddoo, 

A.  D.  Campbell,  D.  D. 
Samuel  Wilson, 
Absalom  McCready. 

Francis  Hprron,  D.  D.  Luke  Loomis, 

Elisha  P.  Swift,  D.  D.  Henry  Manner), 

William  B.  Mcllvaine,  Benjamin  Williams, 

Matthew  Brown,  D.  D. 
John  Stockton, 
John  Kerr, 
James  Alexander. 

Robert  Johnston,  Harmar  Denny, 

William  Jeffery,  Alexander  Semple, 

Charles  C.  Beatty,  D.  D.  Malcolm  Leech. 

Samuel  McFarren,  D.  D. 
Loyal  Young, 
Richard  Lea, 
Henry  G.  Comingo. 

The  Rev.  Robert  Dunlap,  a  member,  and  Secretary  of  the  Board,  elected  by  the 
last  Assembly,  is  deceased. 

THE  OFFICERS  OF  THE  BOARD  ARE 

Francis  Herron,  D.  D.,  President. 
Elisha  P.  Swift,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 
William  B.  Mcllvaine,  Secretary. 

The  following  Scholarships  have  been  established  in  the  Seminary,  viz. 

The  Patterson  Scholarship,  founded  by  Mr.  Thomas  Patterson,  of  Allegheny 
county,  Pennsylvania. 

The  Smith  Scholarship,  founded  by  Mr.  Robert  Smith,  of county,  Pa. 

The  McNeely  Scholarship,  founded  by  Miss  Nancy  McNeely,  of  Washington 
county,  Pa. 

The  O'Hara  Scholarship,  founded  by  Mrs.  Mary  O'Hara,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

The   Donan    Scholarship,    founded    by    Mr.   James   Donan,    of    Washington 
county,  Pa. 

Francis  Herron,  President. 
William  B.  McIlvaine,  Secretary. 

May  VMh,  1847. 


SECOND  ANNUAL  REPORT  OF  THE  BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES  OF  THE  WESTERN 
THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  ALLEGHENY  CITY,  PA. 

The  Trustees  in  presenting  their  Report  to  the  General  Assembly,  respectfully 
state,  that  while  the  past  year  was  not  exempt  from  difficulties  and  embarrass- 
ments, still  we  fondly  hope,  that  under  the  fostering  care  of  the  Head  of  the 
Church,  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  the  existence  of  the  Institution  will  be 
no  longer  problematical.  The  Trustees  respectfully,  but  earnestly  request  the 
friendly  co-operation  of  the  General  Assembly. 

The  committee  appointed  to  audit  the  accounts  of  the  Treasurer,  reported  as 
follows:  viz. 

"  The  Committee  appointed  to  examine  the  accounts  of  the  Treasurer,  report 
that  they  have  attended  to  the  same,  with  the  vouchers  from  the  6th  of  May,  1846, 


416  theological  seminaries.  [Appendix. 

to  May  12th,  1847,  and  found  them  correct,  that  there  is  in  his  hands  a  balance  of 
one  hundred  and  thirteen  dollars  and  eighty  cents. 

Charles  C.  Beatty,  )   .    ,.,.       „ 
Robert  Wray,  \  Aud^ng  Committee. 

May  12th,  1847." 

The  receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  year  are  as  follows: 
May  6th,  1846,  balance  in  Treasury,  ....  $172  60 

Receipts  during  the  year,  ......      5670  26 

Total,  $5842  86 

Paid  out  for  various  purposes,  .....  5729  06 


Balance  in  Treasury,      .......      $113  80 

The  subscriptions  to  the  Endowment  Fund  amount  to  about  $40,000,  of  which 
between  $13,000  and  $14,000  are  paid,  and  carefully  invested,  at  six  per  cent, 
interest. 

The  Professors'  salaries  are  paid  up  to  the  1st  of  April,  1846. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  would  respectfully  recommend  the  following  changes  in 
their  number: 

Omit  the  names  of—  A.  S.  McMaster,  James  Culbertson,  M.  Brown,  E.  Gra- 
ham, Robert  Johnson,  A.  McCready,  J.  Alexander,  J.  Stockton,  S.  McFarren, 
D.  McConaughy,  Robert  Dunlap, 

And  substitute  the  names  of—M.  Allen,  Samuel  Bailey,  H.  Childs,  J.  T.  Logan, 
P.  McCormick,  John  Irwin,  Sr.,  William  Robinson,  Jr.,  J.  R.  Speer,  James  Laugh- 
lin,  Richard  Lee,  J.  D.  Williams. 

The  Board  have  to  record  the  deaths  of  the  Rev.  R.  Dunlap,  and  James  Cul- 
bertson. Respectfully  submitted. 

Signed  by  order  of  the  Board, 

May  15, 1847.  R.  Wray,  Secretary. 


CHARTER  OF  WESTERN  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY. 

OF  THE  SESSION  OF  1844. 
No.  116. 

An  Act  incorporating  the  Trustees  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  of  America,  at  the  city  of  Allegheny, 
in  the  Stale  of  Pennsylvania. 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is  hereby  enact- 
ed by  the  authority  of  the  same,  that  David  McConaughy,  A.  O.  Patterson,  Robert 
Dunlap,  A.  D.  Campbell,  N.  Gillet,  James  Culbertson,  Absalom  McCready,  Robert 
Johnson,  William  JefFery,  C.  C.  Beatty,  Samuel  McFarren,  Loyal  Young,  George 
Marshall,  Algernon  S.  McMaster,  Alexander  Laughlin,  Francis  G.  Bailey,  Thomas 
Kiddoo,  Harmar  Denny,  Alexander  Semple,  Malcolm  Leech,  Francis  Herron,  E.  P. 
Swift,  Matthew  Brown,  W.  B.  Mcllvain,  John  Stockton,  Ebenezer  Graham,  James 
.  Alexander,  Robert  Wray,  Benjamin  Williams,  and  Frederick  Lorenzy,  and  their 
successors  duly  elected  and  appointed  in  the  manner  as  is  hereafter  directed,  be 
and  they  are  hereby  made,  declared,  and  constituted  a  corporation  and  body  politic 
and  corporate  in  law  and  in  fact,  to  have  continuance  for  ever  by  the  name,  style, 
and  title  of  "  The  Trustees  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Presby- 
terian Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,"  and  by  the  name,  style,  and  title 
aforesaid,  shall  for  ever  hereafter,  be  persons  able  and  capable  in  law  as  well  to 
take,  receive,  and  hold  all,  and  all  manner  of  lands,  tenements,  rents,  annuities,  re- 
versions, franchises,  and  other  hereditaments  whatsoever,  which  at  any  time  or 
times  hereafter  have  been  granted,  bargained,  sold,  enfeoffed,  released,  devised,  or 
otherwise,  conveyed  or  vested  for  the  use  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  located  at  the  city  of 


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A.  D.   1847.]  CHARTER  OF  WESTERN  THEOLOGICAL  SE3IINARY.  417 

Allegheny,  state  of  Pennsylvania,  in  or  to  any  other  person  or  persons,  to  the  use 
jf  said  Seminary,  or  in  trust  for  the  same  by  this  Commonwealth,  or  by  any  person 
C  ir  persons  whomsoever  ;  and  the  same  lands,  tenements,  rents,  annuities,  rever- 
sions, liberties,  franchises,  and  other  hereditaments  are  hereby  vested  and  estab- 
lished in  said  corporation  for  ever,  according  to  the  original  use  and  interest  for 
which  sucli  devices,  gifts,  grants,  releases  or  other  conveyances  were  respectively 
made,  and  the  said  corporation,  and  their  successors,  are  hereby  declared  to  be 
seized  and  possessed  of  such  estate  and  estates  therein,  as  in  and  by  their  respective 
grants,  bargains,  sales,  enfeoffments,  gifts,  devises,  releases,  and  other  conveyances 
thereof,  is  or  are  declared,  limited,  or  expressed;  also,  that  the  said  corporation  and 
their  successors,  at  all  times  hereafter,  shall  and  be  capable  and  able  to  purchase, 
have  and  receive,  take,  hold  and  enjoy,  in  fee  simple  or  of  lesser  estate  or  estates, 
all,  and  all  manner  of  lauds,  tenements,  rents,  annuities,  franchises,  and  heredita- 
ments, by  the  gift,  grant,  bargain,  sale,  alienation,  enfeoffment,  release,  confirma- 
tion, or  devise,  to  any  person  or  persons,  bodies  politic  and  corporate  capable  and 
able  to  make  the  same;  and  further,  that  the  said  corporation  and  their  successors 
may  take  and  receive  any  sum  or  sums  of  money,  and  any  portion  of  goods  and  chat- 
tels that  have  been  given  or  bequeathed  to  and  for  the  use  of  the  Western  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  of  America,  at  the  city 
of  Allegheny,  or  to  the  directors  thereof,  or  to  any  other  person  or  persons,  body 
politic  or  corporate  in  trust  for  the  use  of  said  Seminary,  or  that  shall  hereafter  be 
given,  sold,  leased,  or  bequeathed  to  the  said  corporation,  by  any  person  or  persons, 
bodies  politic  or  corporate,  that  is  able  or  capable  to  make,  sale,  lease,  bequest  or 
other  disposal  of  the  same,  such  money,  goods,  or  chattels,  to  be  laid  out  and  dis- 
posed of  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the  aforesaid  corporation,  agreeably  to  the  will 
and  intention  of  the  donors,  and  according  to  the  objects,  and  articles,  and  by-laws 
of  the  said  corporation:  Provided,  That  this  act  shall  not  be  so  construed  to  impair 
or  affect  the  right  of  other  persons  or  corporations,  or  to  vest  in  said  corporation, 
any  other  or  greater  estate,  right,  or  title  in  the  lands  and  tenements  heretofore 
held  by  any  person  or  persons,  for  the  use  of  said  Western  Theological  Seminary, 
by  grant  from  the  Commonwealth,  or  conveyance  from  any  person  or  persons,  than 
were  held  and  enjoyed  by  such  person  or  persons  at,  or  before  the  passage  of  this 
act,  and  that  in  all  suits  now  pending  or  hereafter  brought  concerning  the  real 
estate  held  or  claimed  by  any  person  or  persons,  for  the  use  of  said  Seminary 
prior  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  right  and  title  to  the  same  shall  be  tried  and 
determined,  as  if  this  act  had  not  been  passed. 

Section  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  no  mis- 
nomer of  the  said  corporation  and  their  successors,  shall  defeat  or  annul  any  gift, 
grant,  devise  or  bequest,  to  or  for  the  said  corporation. 

Provided,  the  interest  of  the  party  or  parties  shall  sufficiently  appear  upon  the 
face  of  the  gift,  grant,  will  or  other  writing,  whereby  any  estate  or  interest  was 
intended  to  pass  to  or  for  the  said  corporation. 

Section  3.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  and  their  successors,  shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  make, 
have  and  use  one  common  seal  with  such  device  and  inscription,  as  they  shall  deem 
proper,  and  the  same  to  break,  alter  and  renew  at  their  pleasure. 

Section  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  and  their  successors,  by  the  name,  style  and  title  aforesaid,  shall  be 
able  and  capable  in  law,  to  sue  and  be  sued,  plead  and  be  impleaded  in  any  court 
or  courts,  before  any  judge  or  judges,  justice  or  justices,  in  all,  and  all  manner  of 
suits,  complaints,  pleas,  causes,  matters  and  demands  of  whatsoever  nature,  kind 
and  form  they  may  be:  and  all  and  every  matter  and  thing  to  do  in  as  full  and 
effectual  a  manner  as  any  other  person  or  persons,  bodies  politic  and  corporate 
within  this  commonwealth  may  or  can  do. 

Section  5.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  and  their  successors,  shall  be  and  hereby  are  authorized  and  empow- 
ered to  make,  ordain,  and  establish  rules,  by-laws,  and  ordinances,  and  do  every 
thing  needful  and  incident  for  the  due  and  good  government  and  support  of  the 
affairs  of  the  said  corporation,  and  managing  the  funds  and  revenues  thereof — 
Provided,  That  the  said  rules,  by-laws  and  ordinances  be  not  repugnant  to  the 
constitution  and  laws  of  the  United  States,  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this 
common  wealth,  or  to  this  act. 
Vol.  XI— 43 


418  CHARTER  OF  WESTERN  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY.  [Appendix. 

Section  6.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  shall  not  consist  at  any  time  of  more  than  thirty  persons,  nine  of  whom 
shall  at  all  times  be  laymen  and  citizens  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  whereof  the 
General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
may  at  their  annual  meeting  change  one-third,  in  such  manner  as  to  the  said  Gene- 
ral Assembly  shall  seem  proper;  and  the  corporation  aforesaid  shall  have  power 
and  authority  to  manage  and  dispose  of  all  moneys,  goods,  chattels,  lands,  tene- 
ments and  hereditaments,  and  all  other  estates  whatsoever  committed  to  their 
care  and  trust  by  the  said  General  Assembly,  in  writing  under  the  hand  of  their 
clerk,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  said  corporation  to  act  according  to  such  instruc- 
tions.— Provided,  That  the  instructions  shall  not  be  repugnant  lo  the  constitution 
and  laws  of  the  United  States,  or  to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  State,  or  to 
this  act. 

Section  7.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  seven 
members  of  this  corporation,  whereof  the  president,  or  in  his  absence  the  vice- 
president,  to  be  one,  shall  be  a  sufficient  number  to  transact  the  business  thereof, 
and  to  make  by-laws,  rules  and  regulations — Provided,  That  previous  to  any  meet- 
ing of  the  board  or  corporation  for  such  purposes,  not  appointed  by  adjournment, 
ten  days  notice  shall  be  previously  given  thereof  by  the  secretary  or  clerk  of  the 
said  corporation  to  each  of  the  members  of  the  same,  and  the  said  corporation  shall 
as  often  as  they  see  proper,  and  according  to  the  rules  by  them  to  be  prescribed, 
choose  out  of  their  number  a  president,  vice-president  and  secretary,  and  shall 
have  authority  to  appoint  a  treasurer  and  such  other  officers  and  servants  as  shall 
by  them  the  said  corporation  be  deemed  necessary — to  which  officers  the  said  cor- 
poration may  assign  such  a  compensation  for  their  services,  and  such  duties  to  be 
performed  by  them,  to  continue  in  office  for  such  a  time  and  be  succeeded  by  others 
in  sueh  a  way  and  manner  as  the  said  corporation  may  direct. 

Section  8.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  all  ques- 
tions before  said  corporation  shall  be  decided  by  a  plurality  of  votes,  whereof  each 
member  present  shall  have  one,  except  the  president,  or  vice-president  when  act- 
ing as  president,  who  shall  have  only  the  casting  voice  or  vote,  in  case  of  an 
equality  in  the  votes  of  the  other  members. 

Section  9.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  shall  keep  fair  and  regular  entries  of  their  proceedings,  and  a  just  ac- 
count of  their  receipts  and  disbursements,  in  a  book  provided  for  that  purpose,  and 
shall  once  in  a  year  exhibit  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
in  the  United  States  of  America,  an  exact  state  of  the  accounts  and  funds  of  the 
said  corporation. 

Section  10.  And  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  aforesaid,  That  the  said 
corporation  may  take,  receive,  purchase,  possess  and  enjoy  messuages,  houses,  lands, 
tenements,  rents,  annuities,  and  other  hereditaments,  real  and  personal  estate  of 
any  amount. — Provided,  That  the  clear  yearly  value  and  income  shall  not  exceed 
the  sum  of  fifteen  thousand  dollars. 

Section  11.  That  the  legislature  expressly  reserves  the  right  at  any  time  here- 
after to  construe,  alter,  amend  or  repeal  all  or  any  of  the  provisions  of  this  act. 
Signed,  James  Ross  Snowden, 

Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
William  Bigler. 

Speaker  of  the  Senate. 

Approved — the  twenty-ninth  day  of  March,  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
forty-tour.  David  R.  Porter. 

"  I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  foregoing  is  a  correct  copy  of  an  act  relating  to 
the  incorporation  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  which  passed  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature  at  the  session  of  1844,  and  which  received  the  sig- 
nature of  the  Governor. 

Witness  this  15th  day  of  May,  1844,  William  Jack, 

Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives." 


A.  D.  1847.]  TITEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES.  419 

A  Supplement  to  "an  Act  incorporating  the  Trustees  of  the  Western  Theolo- 
gical Seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United  States  of  America,  at 
the  city  of  Allegheny  in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania." 

Whereas,  by  the  eleventh  section  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  the 
legislature  of  this  State  has  reserved  the  right  at  any  time  hereafter  to  construe, 
alter,  annul  or  repeal  all  or  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  act  to  which  this  is  a  sup- 
plement. 

And  whereas  the  exercise  of  that  right  may  leave  the  property  which  may  be 
vested  in  the  said  corpoiation,  without  proper  trustees  to  manage  and  dispose  of 
the  same.     Therefore, 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly,  and  it  is  hereby  enacted  by 
the  authority  of  the  same,  That  in  case  the  legislature  of  this  State  shall  at  any 
time  hereafter  construe,  alter  or  repeal  all  or  any  of  the  provisions  of  the  said  act 
to  which  this  is  a  supplement,  the  trustees  of  the  said  Seminary  for  the  time  being 
shall  be  and  they  are  hereby  authorized  and  empowered  at  any  time  within  one 
year  after  any  such  construction,  alteration,  amendment  or  repeal,  to  convey  all 
the  property  belonging  to  them  as  trustees  as  aforesaid,  to  any  number  of  citizens 
of  this  State,  not  less  than  three  nor  more  than  five,  whom  they  may  select,  their 
heirs  and  assigns,  who  shall  hold  the  said  property  thus  conveyed  to  them,  their 
heirs  and  assigns,  for  the  sole  use  of  the  said  Seminary,  any  thing  in  the  said  act 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 
Certificate. 

"  I  do  hereby  certify  that  the  above  is  a  copy  of  a  Bill  which  passed  both 
branches  of  the  legislature,  and  has  been  signed  by  the  Governor. 

E.  S.  Goodvili.e,  Clerk  of  Senate. 

Harrisburgh,  April  12,  1845." 


THIRTY-FIFTH   ANNUAL   REPORT   OF    THE   BOARD   OF   DIRECTORS    OF   THE 
THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  PRINCETON,  NEW  JERSEY. 

The  Directors  report  to  the  General  Assembly,  that  at  the  date  of  the  last  Re- 
port, the  number  of  students  in  the  Seminary  was  one  hundred  and  thirty-five. 
Since  that  time  there  have  been  received  the  following  seventy  new  students,  viz. 
Uriah  Marvin,  licentiate  of  the  Presbytery  of  Troy. 
George  W.  Burroughs,  licentiate  of  the  Presbytery  of  Raritan. 
Adolphus  K.  Martin,  do.  do.  Nashville. 

Robert  L.  Breek,  on  certificate  from  the  Western  Theological  Seminary. 
Joseph  R.  Wilson,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Samuel  B.  Cheek,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

William  H.  RufTner,       do.  Union  do.  do.  Virginia. 

George  J.  Reed,  do.  New  Albany  do.  Indiana. 

David  Barr,  do.  Auburn  do.  N.  Y. 

Henry  P.  Coon,  do.  Union  do.    do. 

George  F.  Goodhue,  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College,  New  Hampshire. 
Rowland  Ayres,  do.  Amherst  do.       Massachusetts. 

John  E.  Emerson,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Samuel  Huntting,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Hugh  B.  Gardiner,         do.  Yale  do.        Connecticut. 

Thomas  K.  Davis,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Hollis  Russell,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Pearl  S.  Cossitt,  do.  Trinity  do.  do. 

George  Darling,  do.  Union  do.        New  York. 

Alexander  Dickson,       do.  do.  do.  do. 

Samuel  Glen,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

William  H.  Kirk,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Bradley  Phillips,  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Charles  N.  Waldron,     do.  do.  do.  do. 

John  T.  Wentworth,      do.  do.  do.  do. 

Reuben  P.  Lowrie,         do.  University  of  New  York  city. 

Thomas  S.  Bradner,       do.  New  Jersey  College,  New  Jersey. 


420 


THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES. 


[Appendix. 


Jesse  B.  Davis, 

Samuel  T.  Duffell,         do, 

William  S.  Garth waite,  do 


graduate  of  New  Jersey  College,  New  Jersey. 


do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Lafayette  College,  Pennsylvania. 


do, 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
Jefferson 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


University  of  Ohio, 

do. 

do. 
Centre 


do. 
do. 

do. 

do. 
Georgetown 
Davison 


Miami. 
do. 
do.  Kentucky. 


Frederick  L.  King, 

John  P.  Lundy, 

Joseph  McConnell, 

William  W.  McNair, 

Ambrose  Y.  Moore, 

Joseph  P.  Moore, 

Henry  Reeve, 

Robert  H.  Reeve, 

Obadiah  M.  Conover, 

Andrew  S.  Jameson, 

David  D.  Sanderson, 

Albertus  Vandewater, 

James  R.  Young, 

Joseph  Donaldson, 

Charles  J.  Jones, 

Thomas  Kennedy, 

Thomas  H.  Newton, 

Ephraim  Simonton, 

George  W.  Simpson, 

George  D.  Stewart, 

John  Stewart, 

Charles  Wood, 

Andrew  S.  Beveridge, 

James  R.  Ramsay, 

Henry  VV.  Taylor, 

Henry  A.  Booth, 

Henry  L.  McGuire, 

George  P.  Bergen, 

Thomas  C.  Boston, 

Richard  R.  Evans, 

A.  B.  Knight, 

Joel  K.  Lyle, 

Thomas  Smith, 

John  R.  Shine, 

George  W.  Grant, 

Thomas  W.  Wardlaw,   do. 

Thomas  S.  C.  Smith,  of  Nova  Scotia 

James  L.  Mackey,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Edward  Yeomans,  do. 

John  T.  Stirling,  of  Mississippi. 

The  whole  number  of  students  connected  with  the  Seminary  during  the  year, 
has  been  one  hundred  and  sixty-five.  The  number  still  remaining  on  the  roll  is 
one  hundred  and  forty-nine. 

At  the  close  of  the  year,  the  students  were  examined  in  presence  of  a  Com- 
mittee of  the  Board,  who  reported  their  satisfaction  with  the  examination. 

Certificates  of  having  finished  the  whole  course  prescribed  in  the  plan,  were 
conferred  on  the  following  thirty-three  young  men,  viz.  Messrs.  Samuel  D.  Alex- 
ander, Winthrop  Bailey,  C.  C.  Baldwin,  William  Bannard,  Benjamin  F.  Bittinger, 
William  P.  Breed.  Philander  M.  Custer,  John  C.  De  Peu,  T.  H.  Dinsmore,  Wil- 
liam A.  Dod,  David  W.  Eakins,  Edward  Eells,  D.  Niles  Freeland,  Abraham  Gos- 
man,  James  H.  Harbison,  Geo.  J.  Harrison,  A.  Alexander  Hodge,  Levi  Hughes, 
Cornelius  R.  Lane,  Basil  Manly.  Joseph  R.  Mann,  (Baptist)  George  F.  Miller, 
(Lutheran)  Andrew  D.  Mitchell,  Henry  V.  Rankin,  Henry  R.  Rees,  A.  Alexander 
Rice,  Richard  H.  Richardson,  Thomson  Rowell,  Charles  VV.  Shields,  James  G. 
Shinn,  Jeremiah  Taylor,  Robert  G.  Williams,  and  William  H.  Woods. 

A  modified  certificate  was  conferred  on  John  A.  Bagle,  and  Henry  P.  Johnson, 
who  were  prevented  from  standing  their  final  examination  on  account  of  sickness. 

The  Professors  reported  that  they  have  selected  as  resident  Fellows,  for  the 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 


do.  North  Carolina. 
Hampden  and  Sidney  College,  Virginia. 
Belfast  College,  Ireland. 


A.  D.  1847.]  THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES.  421 

next  year,  Messrs.  Abraham  Gosman,  and  Joseph  R.  Mann,  of  the  graduating 
class. 

Tne  Professors  also  reported,  that  they  have  received  through  the  year,  the  fol- 
lowing articles  for  the  use  of  indigent  students,  viz. 

A  large  bundle  of  clothing  from  the  Female  Association  of  Morris  Plain,  N.  J. 

Do.  do.  do.        from  some  ladies  in  the  Duane  street  church,  N.  Y. 

A  second  do.  do.        from  the  Female  Association  of  Morris  Plain,  X.  J. 

A  bundle  of  clothing  from  some  ladies  of  Dr.  Potts's  church,  New  York. 

Do.  do.  do.  do.  do.  do.  do. 

Do.  do.  from  some  ladies  of  the  Duane  street  church,  N.  Y. 

The  Board  have  only  further  to  report,  that  the  term  of  office  of  the  following 
Directors  expires  during  the  sessions  of  the  Assembly,  viz. 

MINISTERS.  RULING  ELDERS. 

Ashbel  Green,  D.  D.  James  Lennox. 

John  M.  Krebs,  D.  D.  Moses  Allen. 

Jacob  J.  Janevvay,  D.  D.  James  N.  Dickson. 

Henry  A.  Boardman,  D.  D. 

Nicholas  Murray,  D.  D. 

John  C.  Backus. 

William  W.  Phillips,  D.  D. 

And  that  the  Rev.  William  Latta,  D.  D.  departed  this  life  on  the  19th  of  Febru- 
ary last.     Two  years  of  Dr.  Latta's  term  of  office  remain  unexpired. 
Signed  by  order  of  the  Board, 

John  McDowell,  Secretary. 
Princeton,  May  17,  1847. 


TWENTY-SECOND    ANNUAL    REPORT    OF  .  THE    TRUSTEES    OF    THE    THEO- 
LOGICAL SEMINARY  AT  PRINCETON,  N.  J. 

The  Trustees  report  to  the  General  Assembly,  that  the  following  is  the  Report 
of  their  Treasurer,  as  audited  by  their  Committee  of  Audit. 

TM  comjjJittee».'on  the  Treasurer's  accounts  report  that  they  have  examined 
and  compared  Them  With  the  vouchers,  and  find  them  correct,  leaving  in  his  hands 
a  balance  on  general  account,  of  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-four  dol- 
lars and  eight  cents. 

The  Treasurer  has  received  since  the  last  settlement  in  May,  1846,  on  Educa- 
tion Fund,  the  sum  of  two  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty-five  dollars  and 
seventy-five  cents,  which  added  to  the  sum  of  one  thousand  and  eighty-one  dollars 
and  fifteen  and  a  half  cents,  makes  the  sum  of  four  thousand  and  six  dollars  and 
ninety  and  a  half  cents.  And  he  has  paid  out  of  this  fund,  to  students,  on  the 
order  of  Professors,  the  sum  of  two  thousand  nine  hundred  and  forty-eight  dollars 
and  sixty  cents;  leaving  a  balance  in  his  hands,  due  this  fund,  of  one  thousand 
and  fifty-eight  dollars  and  thirty  and  a  half  cents. 

The  Treasurer  has  received,  since  the  last  settlement,  on  the  Expense  Fund, 
one  thousand  and  six  dollars,  which,  added  to  the  sum  of  three  hundred  and  sixty- 
three  dollars  and  seventy-four  and  a  half  cents,  makes  the  sum  of  one  thousand 
three  hundred  and  sixty-nine  dollars  and  seventy-four  and  a  half  cents.  And  he 
has  paid  out  of  this  fund,  for  Secretary's  salary,  Treasurer's  commissions,  library, 
servants'  wages,  and  contingent  expenses,  one  thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty 
dollars  and  forty-eight  cents,  leaving  a  balance  due  this  fund,  of  one  hundred  and 
thirty-nine  dollars  and  twenty-six  and  a  half  cents. 

The  Treasurer  has  received  since  the  last  settlement,  on  the  Contingent  Fund, 
eleven  thousand  and  forty-six  dollars,  and  ten  cents,  which,  added  to  the  sum  of 
six  hundred  and  forty-four  dollars  and  twelve  cents,  makes  the  sum  of  eleven 
thousand  six  hundred  and  ninety  dollars  and  twenty-two  cents ;  and  he  has  paid 
out  of  this  fund  to  Dr.  Van  Rensselaer,  to  reimburse  him  for  money  advanced  by 
him  for  Professors'  salaries,  to  Mr.  Donaldson,  for  investment,  and  for  Professors' 

43* 


422  theological  seminariep.  [Appendix. 

salaries,  ten  thousand  six  hundred  and  fifty-three  dollars  and  seventy-one  cents; 
leaving  a  balance  of  ten  hundred  and  thirty-six  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents. 

Recapitulation. 

Balance  on  general  accounts,      -  $  2234.08 

Which  consists  of  a  balance 

1.  On  Education  Fund,        -  -  $  1058.30£ 

2.  On  Expense  Fund,  .  -  139.26| 

3.  On  Contingent  Fund,     -  -  •      1036.51 

Total,  $2234.08 


May  18th,  1847. 


Reuben  Van  Pelt,   )  „ 
Nicholas  Murray,    \  Committee. 


The  following  Report  was  received  from  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cortlandt  Van  Renssalaer, 
on  the  subject  of  his  agency,  viz. 

The  undersigned,  Agent  for  the  Theological  Seminary,  respectfully  submits  to 
the  Trustees  the  following  brief  account  of  the  state  of  the  funds  belonging  to 
his  agency,  and  of  his  operations  during  the  year. 

Cash  received  from  all  sources,  since  date  of  last  report,  $14,670  14,  viz. 

Through  Dr.  McElroy,                 .....  $245000 

From  Subscribers,  .....  8524  79 

Refunded  by  Trustees,                   .....  1853  71 

Balance  in  May,  1846, 1841  64 


Total,  $14,670  14 

The  above  sum  is  accounted  for  as  follows: 

Paid  James  Donaldson  for  permanent  investments,  -            -        $11,000  00 

In  hands  of  James  S.  Green,  (Dr.  McElroy's,)          -  -                    2,450  00 

do.                     do.               (from  subscribers,)  -            •                 214  54 

Balance  in  the  hands  of  Agent  at  this  date,             -  •  '0Ci,-^O     1,0JJ5  00 

Total,  $14,670  14 

Accompanying  this  Report,  are  the  vouchers  for  the  money  paid  to  Mr.  Donald- 
son. Mr.  Green's  vouchers  will  include  what  has  passed  through  his  hands, 
according  to  the  above  statement. 

The  total  amount  of  cash  received  from  the  beginning  of  the  agency,  including 
three  notes,  which  may  be  regarded  as  temporary  investments,  is  $47,891  88. 
Of  this  sum,  $41,100  permanently  invested;  $5786  28  used  for  contingent  ex- 
penses; 81005  60  balance  at  this  date.     Total,  $47,  891  88. 

It  ought  to  be  mentioned  that  James  S.  Green,  the  Treasurer,  has  invested  during 
the  year,  $1500,  which  may  be  regarded,  as  in  part,  reimbursing  the  above 
$5786  28.  And  inasmuch  as  $2500  of  this  last  sum  was  given  for  contingent 
purposes,  it  leaves  only  $1786  28,  as  the  entire  sum  thus  far  appropriated  for 
contingent  expenses  from  the  agency  fund.  It  will  be  rememberpd  that  the  Con- 
vention, under  which  I  act,  authorized  the  use,  for  the  contingent  fund,  of  as  much 
of  the  amount  subscribed,  as  was  necessary,  during  the  interval  of  the  complete 
endowment.  It  is  gratifying  to  find  that  the  amount  thus  used  is  thus  far  so 
small. 

The  total  amount  of  agency  funds  now  invested,  including  the  above  $1500,  by 
Mr.  Green,  is  $42,600,  the  interest  of  which  is  about  $2500  per  annum.  In  addi- 
tion to  this  sum,  however,  the  subscriptions,  in  the  hands  of  subscribers,  amounting 
to  about  $7000  or  $3000,  will  yield  about  $400  more.  A  number  of  other  sub- 
scribers will  probably  pay  during  the  year,  which  will  increase  the  amount 
invested,  and  of  course  the  interest.  It  may  be  safely  estimated  that  the  income 
from  the  agency  funds  for  the  next  year  will  be  at  least  $3000. 


A.  D.  1847.]  THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARIES.  423 

The  amount  of  new  subscriptions  received  during  the  year  has  been  about 
$7000.  The  Agent,  in  consequence  of  receiving  an  appointment  in  the  Poard  of 
Education,  which  it  was  thought  his  duty  to  accept,  has  not  been  able  to  prosecute 
the  agency  during  the  year  past,  to  the  extent  he  anticipated.  He  expects,  how- 
ever, with  the  blessing  of  God,  to  bring  it  to  a  close,  before  another  year.  If  too 
sanguine  in  this  expectation,  he  will  resign  the  agency  into  other  hands. 

Cortlandt  Van  Rensselaer. 
Princeton,  May  17th,  1847. 

The  Librarian  has  reported  the  following  additions  made  to  the  Library  through 
the  year,  viz. 

Purchased  one  hundred  and  eighty-two  volumes;  presented  by  George  W. 
Perkins,  one  volume;  by  the  author  of  Bible  Manual,  one  volume;  by  the  Rev. 
Colin  Mclver,  ten  volumes;  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Hodge,  thirty-nine  volumes;  by  a 
Student,  one  volume;  by  Mrs.  Susannah  Armstrong,  four  volumes;  by  James 
Lenox,  fourteen  volumes;  by  Walter  Lowrie,  nine  volumes;  by  Abraham  Gos- 
man,  one  volume;  by  the  Rev.  R.  K.  Rodgers,  one  volume;  by  Samuel  Agnew, 
Philadelphia,  ten  volumes;  by  Enoch  Fithian,  one  volume;  by  the  Rev.  G.  C. 
Beck  with,  four  volumes;  Board  of  Publication,  works  in  continuation:  by  the 
Rev.  John  Cross,  three  volumes;  by  the  Society  of  Inquiry,  six  volumes;  by  the 
Rev.  George  Burrows,  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  Chrysostom's  Orations,  Greek  and  Latin ; 
and  the  works  of  Augustine,  and  of  Chrysostom,  bound  in  Russia  leather,  in  twen- 
ty-eight volumes,  royal  octavo,  a  peculiarly  valuable  present.  Ten  other  volumes 
have  been  received  on  exchange  for  duplicates. 
Signed  by  order  of  the  Board, 

John  McDowell,  Secretary. 

Princeton,  May  18th,  1847. 

TRUSTEES  OF  THE  SEMINARY. 

Rev.  James  Carnahan,  D.  D.  President. 
Lewis  W.  R.  Phillips,  Esq.  Vice  President. 
Rev.  John  McDowell,  D.  D.  Secretary. 

Robert  L.  Stuart,  Benjamin  McDowell, 

Hon.  Dudley  S.  Gregory,  Stephen  Colwell, 

James  Lenox,  Reuben  Van  Pelt, 

H.  W.  Green,  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  LL.  D. 

John  J.  Bryant,  William  Shippen,  M.  D. 

Rev.  Wm.  W.  Phillips,  D.  D.  Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  D.  D.  LL.  D. 

Rev.  David  Comfort,  Rev.  Joseph  McElroy,  D.  D. 

Rev.  Isaac  V.  Brown,  Rev.  Eli  F.  Cooley, 

James  Nelson,  Rev.  Nicholas  Murray,  D.  D. 

Treasurer,  James  S.  Green,  Esq.,  Princeton. 


PROFESSORS  IN  THE  SEMINARY. 

Rev.  Archibald  Alexander,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Pastoral  and  Polemic  Theology. 

Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Govern- 
ment. 

Rev.  Charles  Hodge,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Exegetical  and  Didactic  Theology. 

Rev.  Joseph  Addison  Alexander,  D.  D.  Professor  of  Oriental  and  Biblical  Literature. 


(         424         )  [Appendix. 


REPORT  OF  THE   TREASURER  OF   THE   TRUSTEES   OF  THE  GENERAL 

ASSEMBLY. 

The  whole  amount  received  by  the  Treasurer  from  May  1st,  1846,  to  May  1st, 
1847,  was  $10,380.80,  making  together  with  $3867.40,  the  balance  in  the  hands 
of  the  Treasurer  from  the  last  year  the  sum  of  $14,248.29.  The  expenditures 
during  the  year  have  amounted  to  $13,113.58,  leaving  a  balance  in  the  hands  of 
the  Treasurer  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  of  eleven  hundred  and  thirty-four  dol- 
lars seventy-one  cents. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  the  several  heads  of  Receipts  and  Expenditures  : 

Balance  from  last  year,  ..... 

Contingent  Funds,  contributions  from  churches,  &c. 
Commissioners'  Fund,  ..... 

Dividends  on  bank  stocks  and  interest  on  mortgages,  &c. 

Rev.  Joseph  Eastbuin's  Bequest,  dividends,  rents,  &c. 

Board  of  Education,  ...... 

Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,     .... 

Board  of  Missions,  ...... 

Boudinot  Fund  for  Pastors'  Libraries, 


The  Expenditures  are  as  follows: 

Scholarships,  interest  on  principal,      .....  2,183  28 

Students'  Fund,     do.            do.                    ....  232  69 

Missionary  Fund,  paid  Board  of  Missions,        ....  887  55 

Contingent  Funds,  paid  sundries,                ....  1,502  43 

Commissioners'  Fund,  paid  Commissioners,       ....  857  81 

Professors'  salaries,             ......  2,803  15 

Rev.  Joseph  Eastburn's  Bequest,  paid  sundries,            -            -            -  490  00 

Board  of  Education,            ......  214  29 

Boudinot  Missionary  Fund,      ---.--  600  00 

Boudinot  Fund  for  Pastors'  Libraries,          ....  143  00 

Permanent  Funds  invested,      ......  1,000  00 

Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton,           ....  2,199  38 

Balance  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  May  1st,  1847,            -            -  1,134  71 


3,867  49 

S95  95 

642  19 

6,998  08 

661  25 

214  29 

298  51 

299  50 

17103 

$14,248  29 

— 

$14,248  29 


M.  Newkirk,  Treasurer. 
Philadelphia,  May  1st,  1847. 


The  Committee  on  Accounts  have  examined  the  stocks,  bonds,  and  mortgages  in 
the  hands  of  Matthew  Newkirk,  Treasurer,  and  vouchers  for  moneys  paid  by  him, 
and  believe  the  same  to  be  correct,  leaving  a  cash  balance  of  eleven  hundred  and 
thirty-four  dollars  and  seventy-one  cents  in  his  hands. 


Matthew  L.  Bevan,  }  Committee 
James  N.  Diceson,     >         on 
Stephen  Colwell,    )  Accounts. 


A.  D.  1847.] 


425 


CASH  BALANCE. 

The  following    items  make  the  cash  balance   in  the   hands   of  the 

May  1st,  1847. 

Rev.  Joseph  Eastburn's  Bequest, 
Commissioners'  Fund,  ... 

Contingent  Fund  General  Assembly, 
Contingent  Expenses  Board  of  Trustees,     - 
Boudinot  Missionary  Fund, 
Fund  for  Books  for  Pastors'  Libraries, 
Pennsylvania  Insurance  Company, 
Fund  for  the  Conversion  of  the  Jews, 
Fund  for  the  Indians  of  North  America, 
Theological  Seminary  at  Princeton, 
Board  of  Missions,  . 


Treasurer, 


149  66 

14 

41  21 

32  95 

67  60 

165  99 

20  00 

31  64 

27  51 

298  51 

299  50 

$1134  71 

REPORT  OF  THE  INCOME 


As  derived  from  each  of  the  Stocks  owned  by  the  General  Assembly  during 

the  last  fiscal  year. 


Merchants'  and  Manufacturers'  Bank  of  Pittsburgh, 

Merchants'  and  Mechanics'  Bank  of  Wheeling, 

Union  Bank  of  Tennessee,  ... 

Planters' Bank  of  Tennessee,  - 

Bank  of  Louisville,        - 

Bank  of  Mobile,       ..... 

Mechanics' Bank  of  Philadelphia, 

Planters' Bank  of  Mississippi,         - 

Agricultural  Bank  of  Mississippi, 

Grand  Gulf  Rail  Road  and  Banking  Company, 

Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  and  Baltimore  Rail  Road 

United  States'  5  per  cent.  Loan, 

Pennsylvania  State  5  per  cent.  Loan, 

Bond  of  the  Tenth  Presbyterian  Church,  (bal.) 

Bond  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  Church, 

Bond  of  Solomon  Allen,         ... 

Bond  of  Josiah  Hall,        .... 

Promissory  Note  of  John  Colt, 

Interest  on  Funds  now  permanently  invested,    - 


Co, 


Cost. 

$14,302  92 

15,025  00 

15,262  50 

22,106  25 

10,526  25 

11,027  50 

4,828  81 

11,077  62 

23,701  76 

992  47 

Loan,    940  74 

4,185  34 

3,510  62 

6,592  03 

5,000  00 

6.000  00 

5,000  00 

2,500  00 

1,000  00 


Income. 


$  875  00 

900  00 

600  00 

1000  00 

700  00 

501  25 

230  00 

61  20 

200  00 

225  06 

385  57 

300  00 

360  00 

600  00 

60  00 


$6998  08 


Bequest  of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Eastburn. 

Philadelphia  Bank  Stock,  ....         $2000  00 

Pennsylvania  Bank  Stock,                   -            -            -  400  00 

Bank  of  North  America  Stock,                    -            -            -  800  00 

Bank  of  the  United  States  Stock,                     -            -  1100  00 

North  America  Insurance  Company,                       -            -  450  00 

Pennsylvania  Insurance  Company,                   -             -  760  00 

Cheltenham  and  Willow  Grove  Turnpike  Company,         -  1000  00 
House  No.  86  Vine  Street,  Philadelphia, 


$220  00 
19  50 
64  00 

33  75 

36  00 

90  00 

150  00 


$613  25 


Philadelphia,  May  1st,  1847. 


M.  Newkirk,   Treasurer. 


426 


Appendix. 


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(         428         )  [Appendix. 


NAMES  OF  THE  MODERATORS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

A.  D.  1789.*  Rev.  John  Rodgers,  D.  D.,  of  New  York. 
1790,*  Rev.  Robert  Smith.  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1791,*  Rev.  John  Woodhull,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 
1792,*  Rev.  John  King,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1793,*  Rev.  James  Latta,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1794,*  Rev.  Alexander  McWhorter,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 
1795,*  Rev.  John  McKnight,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
1796,*  Rev.  Robert  Davidson,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1797,*  Rev.  William  M.  Tennent,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1798,*  Rev.  John  Blair  Smith,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1799,*  Rev.  Samuel  Stanhope  Smith,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  New  Jersey. 
1800,*  Rev.  Joseph  Clark,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 
1801,*  Rev.  Nathaniel  Irwin,  Pennsylvania. 
1802,*  Rev.  Azel  Roe,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 
1803*  Rev.  James  Hall,  D.  D.,  North  Carolina. 
1804,*  Rev.  James  F.  Armstrong,  New  Jersey. 
1805,*  Rev.  James  Richards,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 

1806,  Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1807,  Rev.  Archibald  Alexander,  D.D.,  Pennsylvania. 

1808,  Rev.  Philip  Milledoler,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1809,*  Rev.  Drury  Lacy,  Virginia. 

1810,*  Rev.  John  Brodhead  Romeyn,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
1811,    Rev.  Eliphalet  Nott,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
1812,*  Rev.  Andrew  Flinn,  D.  D.,  South  Carolina. 
1813,*  Rev.  Samuel  Blatchford,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
1914,*  Rev.  James  Inglis,  D.  D.,  Maryland. 
1815,    Rev.  William  Neill,  D.  D.,  New  York. 
1816,*  Rev.  James  Blythe,  D.  D.,  Kentucky. 
1817,*  Rev.  Jonas  Coe,  D.D.,  New  York. 
1818,    Rev.  Jacob  Jones  Janeway,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1819,*  Rev.  John  Holt  Rice,  D.  D.,  Virginia. 

1820,  Rev.  John  McDowell,  D.D.,  New  Jersey. 

1821,  Rev.  William  Hill,  D.  D.,  Virginia. 
1822,*  Rev.  Obadiah  Jennings,  D.  D ,  Ohio. 
1823,*  Rev.  John  Chester,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1S24,    Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 
1825,*  Rev.  Stephen  N.  Rowan,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1826,  Rev.  Thomas  McAuley,  D.  D.,  LL.  D  ,  New  York. 

1827,  Rev.  Francis  Herron,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 

1828,  Rev.  Ezra  Styles  Ely,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 

1829,  Rev.  Benjamin  Holt  Ricp,  D.  D.,  Virginia. 
1830  *  Rev.  Ezra  Fisk,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1831,  Rev.  Nathan  S.  S.  Beman,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1832,  Rev.  James  Hoge,  D.  D.,  Ohio. 

1833,  Rev.  William  A.  McDowell,  D.  D.,  South  Carolina. 

1834,  Rev.  Philip  Lindslev,  D.  D.,  Tennessee. 
1935,  Rev.  William  W.  Philips,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1836,  Rev.  John  Witherspoon,  D.  D.,  South  Carolina. 

1837,  Rev.  David  Elliott,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 

1838,  Rev.  Wiliam  S.  Plumer,  D.  D.,  Virginia. 
1839,*  Rev.  Joshua  L.  Wilson,  D.  D.,  Ohio. 

1840,  Rev.  William  M.  Engles,  D.  D.,  Pennsylvania. 

1841,  Rev.  Robert  J.  Breckinridge,  D.  D.,  Maryland. 

1842,  Rev.  John  T.  Edgar,  D.  D.,  Tennessee. 

1843,  Rev.  Gardiner  Spring,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1844,  Rev.  George  Junkin,  D.  D.,  Ohio. 

1845,  Rev.  John  M.  Krebs,  D.  D.,  New  York. 

1846,  Rev.  Charles  Hodge,  D.  D.,  New  Jersey. 

1847,  Rev.  James  H.  Thornwell,  D.  D.,  South  Carolina. 

*  Deceased. 


A.  D.  1847.]  (         429 


STATED  CLERKS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

A.  D.  1788,*  Rev.  George  Duffield,  D.  D. 

1790,    Rev.  Aslibel  Green,  D.  D.  LL.D. 
1803,    Rev.  Philip  Milledolcr,  D.D. 
1806,*  Rev.  Nathaniel  Irwin. 
1807,    Rev.  Jacob  Jones  Janewny,  D.D. 
1817,    Rev.  William  Neill,  D.D. 
1825,    Rev.  Ezra  Styles  Ely,  D.  D. 
1836,    Rev.  John  McDowell,  D.  D. 
1840,    Rev.  William  M.  Engles,  D.  D. 
1846,    Rev.  Willis  Lord. 


PERMANENT  CLERKS  OF  THE  GENERAL  ASSEMBLY. 

A.  D.  1802,*  Rev.  Nathaniel  Irwin. 
1807,*  Rev.  John  Ewing  Latta. 
1825,   Rev.  John  McDowell,  D.  D. 
1837,    Rev.  John  M.  Krebs,  D.  D. 
1845,    Rev.  Robert  Davidson,  D.  D. 

*  Deceased. 


• 


17 


7 


<7 


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/  /  17 


V  YT        a  A 

Vol.  XI — 44 


430 


GENERAL    VIEW    OF    SYNODS. 


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[Appendix. 


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POST-OFFICE. 

Litchfield,  N.  H. 
Greenfield,  N.  H. 

Antrim,  N.  H. 
Dcrry,  N.  II. 
Bedford,  N.  II. 
Peterborough,  N.  H. 
Londonderry,  N.  H. 
Greenfield,  N.  H. 
Litchfield,  N.  H. 
Windham,  N.  H. 

Brighton,  Mass. 

Hampstead,  N.  II. 
Franklin,  Mass. 

CHURCHES. 

New  Boston, 
Antrim, 
Derry, 
Bedford, 
Peterborough, 
Londonderry, 
Greenfield, 
Litchfield, 
Windham, 

2nd    Church,  Newbury 
Port,  Mass.— 10. 

MINISTERS, 
LICENTIATES, 

AND 

CANDIDATES. 

SYNOD  OF  ALBANY. 

1.  Presb.  of  Londonderry. 
William  Miltimore,  W.  C. 
Peter  Holt,  W.  C. 
Erastus  M.  Kellogg,  P. 
John  M.  Whiton,  P. 
Edward  L.  Parker,  P. 
Thomas  Savage,  P. 
James  R.  French,  P. 
Timothy  G.  Brainerd,  P. 
David  P.  Smith,  P. 
William  H.  Porter,  P. 
Loran  Thayer,  P. 
William  W.  Eells,  P. 

John  R.  Adams,  W.  C. 
Charles  D.  Pigeon,  W.  C. 
Ezra  Jones,  P.  C. 
David  Root,  P.  C. 
J.  M.  C.  Bartley,  P.  C. 
David  Kimball,  W.  0. 
T.  D.  South  worth,  P.  C. 
Stephen  Morse,  P.  C. 

A.  D.  1847.] 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


433 


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434 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


435 


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436 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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A.  D.  1847.] 


STATISTICAL   TABLES. 


437 


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454 


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[Appendix. 


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A.  D.  1847.] 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


471 


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472 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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A  D.  1847.] 


STATISTICAL   TABLES. 


473 


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474 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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A.  D.  1847.] 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


475 


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476 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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477 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


479 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


481 


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482 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


433 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


497 


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STATISTICAL   TABLES. 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


499 


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STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


501 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


503 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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A.  D.  1847.]  STATISTICAL   TABLES.  505 


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506 


STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


507 


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525 


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STATISTICAL    TABLES. 


[Appendix. 


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528 


SUMMARY   VIEW. 


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530 


SUMMARY    VIEW. 


[Appendix. 


STATED  CLERKS 

OF 

PRESBYTERIES. 

John  T.  Edgar,  D.  D. 
Henry  M.  Kerr. 
R.  B.  McMullen. 
Samuel  B.  Lewers. 

William  Brearley. 

B.  M.  Palmer,  Jr. 

Francis  Bowman. 

Charles  C.  Jones,  D.  D. 

J.  C.  Patterson. 

Joshua  Phelps. 

J.  M.  M.  Caldwell. 

J.  B.  King. 

Charles  A.  Stillman. 

Fi.  C.  Smith. 

Jer.  Chamberlain,  D.  D. 

Berry  Chase. 

S.  M.  Montgomery. 

FI.  J.  I5ardwell. 

James  Weatherby. 

('.  J\iugsbury. 

J.  W.  Miller. 

A.  R.  Banks. 

John  Newton. 

J.  F,.  Scott. 

J.  Owen. 

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A.  D.  1847.] 


531 


GENERAL  VIEW. 

During  the  year  closing  May,  1847,  the  Presbytery  of  Wisconsin  has  reported 
its  organization,  according  to  the  resolution  of  the  last  Assembly.  The  Synod  of 
Illinois,  also,  has  organized  the  Presbytery  of  Rock  River,  and  the  Synod  of  West 
Tennessee,  the  Presbytery  of  Knoxville.  The  following  statistics  are,  as  will  be 
observed,  for  two  years: 

1847. 


Synods,  in  connexion  with  General  Assembly, 
Presbyteries,        .... 
Candidates  for  the  Ministry, 
Licentiates,  .... 

Ministers,      ..... 
Churches,  .... 

During  these  years,  there  were 
Licensures,  .  .  .  . 

Ordinations,  .... 

Installations,  .... 

Pastoral  relations  dissolved, 
Churches  organized,  and  received  from  other  bodies, 
Ministers  received  from  other  denominations, 
Ministers  gone  to  other  denominations, 
Members  added  to  the  Church  on  examination, 
Members  added  to  the  Church  on  certificate, 
Adults  baptized,  .... 

Children  baptized,     ..... 
Whole  number  of  communicants  reported, 
Amount  contributed  for  religious  purposes, 

The  following  ministers  have  died  during  the  year: 


1846. 

22 

115 

339 

218 

1647 

2297 

72 
78 
87 
52 
45 
14 
6 
7792 
5733 
2036 
9677 
174,714 
$254,856.70 


22 

118 

343 

231 

1713 

2376 

82 

64 

72 

52 

*44 

15 

7 

7602 

5672 

1794 

9342 

179,453 

$310,164.91 


Reuben  Sears, 

Methusaleh  Baldwin, 

Jacob  Bryant, 

Thomas  Wilson,  missionary  in 

William  Loughridge,     . 

Thomas  Hoge, 

William  Latta,  D.D. 

John  D.  Perkins, 

Robert  Dunlap, 

Robert  Semple, 

John  F.  Kean,  . 

James  Robinson,      .  . 

James  Culbertson, 

John  A.  Dunlap, 

Joshua  L.  Wilson,  D.D., 

James  Hummer, 

Samuel  G.  Weeks, 

John  Lyle, 

A.  A.  Campbell,  . 

Samuel  M.  Williamson, 

John  B.  Kennedy,  . 

John  Harrison,        .  . 

Samuel  Hurd,    . 

Total,  23. 


Africa, 


PEESBYTERIES. 

Albany. 

Hudson. 

Elizabethtown. 

Newton. 

Philadelphia. 

Do. 

Do. 
New  Castle. 
Ohio. 
Beaver. 
Erie. 
Marion. 
Zanesville. 
Miami. 
Cincinnati. 
Crawfordsville. 
Fort  Wayne. 
West  Lexington. 
Western  District. 

Do. 
South  Carolina. 
Hopewell. 
Chickasaw. 


Last  year,  19. 


The  incompleteness  of  many  of  our  Presbyterial  Reports,  still  furnishes  reason 
for  regret.  It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  aggregates,  that  there  has  been  a  gra- 
tifying increase  during  the  year,  in  the  number  of  our  Presbyteries,  Candidates, 
Licentiates,  Ministers,  Churches,  and  Communicants.  The  increase,  also,  of  the 
amount  raised  for  religious  purposes,  it  will  be  observed,  is  over  Fifty-five  Thou- 
sand Dollars.  In  reference  to  several  of  these  items,  complete  returns  would  have 
shown  still  larger  results. 

WILLIS  LORD, 

Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly. 


*  Seventy  newly  organized  churches  were  reported  to  the  Board  of  Missions;  p.  538. 


(532    )  [Appendix. 


BOARDS  OF  THE  PRESBYTERIAN  CHURCH. 

BOARD  OF  PUBLICATION. 

OFFICERS   OF    THE    BOARD. 

President — A.  Alexander,  D.D. 

Vice-President — A.  Symington. 

Treasurer — A.  W.  Mitchell,  M.D. 
Corresponding  Secretary — Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.D. 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

H.  A.  Boardman,  D.D.,  Chairman.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  Wm.  M.  Engles,  D.D., 
J.  H.Jones,  D.D.  ex  off.,  Rev.  Thomas  L.  Janeway,  Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  James 
Dunlap,  A.  Symington,  James  N.  Dickson,  Joel  Jones,  A.  VV.  Mitchell,  M.D.  ex  ojf. 
Joseph  P.  Engles. 

Editor—  William  M.  Engles,  D.D.     Publishing  Agent— 3.  P.  Engles. 

trustees  of  the  board. — Incorporated  February  13,  1847. 
A.  W.  Mitchell,  President. 
Matthew  New  kirk,  Vice-President. 
Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Secretary. 
James  Dunlap,  Treasurer. 
James  N.  Dickson,  William  S.  Martien, 

James  B.  Ross,  Archibald  Mclntyre. 

Robert  Soutter,  Jr., 
Office  corner  of  Seventh  and  George  Streets,  Philadelphia. 

Abstract  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Publication,  May,  1847. 

During  the  year  ending  March  31,  1847,  the  Presbyterian  Board  of  Publication 
have  added  to  their  catalogue  twenty-one  new  books,  amounting  to  23,500  copies; 
two  new  tracts,  amounting  to  2000  copies;  and  three  occasional  tracts,  amounting 
to  10,500  copies.  Whole  number  of  new  publications,  36,000  copies.  They  have 
also  printed  new  editions  from  stereotype  plates,  amounting  to  110,500  copies. 
Total  number  of  books  and  tracts  issued  during  the  year,  146,500. 

The  books  issued  during  the  year  have  been  chiefly  of  the  smaller  and  less 
expensive  kind.  As  the  catalogue  at  the  close  of  the  last  year,  had  extended  to 
more  than  two  hundred  works  of  different  descriptions,  the  Board  were  admonished 
of  the  danger  of  so  increasing  the  number  as  to  make  the  Congregational  Library 
too  expensive.  They  have  also  been  aware,  that  a  main  object  of  the  Institution 
is  not  to  multiply  good  books  indiscriminately,  but  to  publish  such  as  are  adapted 
specially  to  the  wants  of  the  Church.  A  good  proportion  of  those  added  to  the  list 
given  in  the  last  Report  will  answer  the  call,  so  often  repeated,  for  books  suited  to 
children  and  youth. 

Among  the  more  important  publications  of  the  year,  may  be  mentioned, 

"  Christ  and  Antichrist ;  or  Jesus  of  Nazareth  proved  to  be  the  Messiah,  and  the 
Papacy  proved  to  be  the  Antichrist  predicted  in  the  Holy  Scriptures;  by  the  Rev. 
S.  J.  Cassels,  of  Virginia. — An  ably  written  treatise,  on  a  topic  of  increasing  im- 
portance to  the  Protestant  Churches  of  our  land,  among  which  there  is  an  alarming 
apathy  to  the  moral  influence  of  the  errors  which  the  author  so  thoroughly  exposes. 

"  An  Exposition  of  the  Confession  of  Faith,  of  the  Westminster  Assembly  of 
Divines,"  by  the  Rev.  Robert  Shaw. — A  book  of  moderate  size,  that  displays  much 
theological  research,  and  comprises  within  a  small  space  the  substance  of  many 
volumes.  To  those  who  desire  an  instructive  and  luminous  explanation  of  the 
Westminster  summary  of  doctrinal  truths,  this  work  will  be  a  most  acceptable 
offering. 

•'Obligations  of  the  World  to  the  Bible." — A  mature  and  carefully  written  book, 
of  more  than  three  hundred  pages,  by  Dr.  Spring,  of  New  York;  exhibiting  at 
once  the  strength  and  the  polish  of  his  gifted  and  instructive  pen. 

"  Minutes  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  United 
States  of  America,  from  its  organization,  A.  D.  1789  to  A.  D.  1820,  inclusive." — 
A  second  volume  of  records,  replete  with  details  that  are  of  common  interest  to  the 
friends  of  evangelical  religion,  and  especially  to  ourselves. 

The  Board  have  also  in  hand,  among  other  books,  the  following  standard  practical 


A.  D.  1847.]  board  or  publication.  533 

works — Alleine's  Alarm,  Baxter's  Call  to  the  Unconverted,  Baxter's  Saint's  Rest, 
McLaurin's  Essays,  in  the  stereotyping  of  which  they  are  promised  the  aid  of  some 
liberal  friends,  to  whom  they  have  been  indebted  for  similar  favours  before. 

They  are  also  preparing  for  publication  a  splendid  pictorial  edition  of  Bunyan's 
Holy  War,  (with  Burder's  notes,)  the  engravings  of  which  are  to  be  on  wood,  and 
and  executed  in  the  first  style  of  the  art.  The  means  for  producing  this  valuable 
work,  will  be  a  sequel  to  the  liberality  which  has  enabled  the  Board  to  put  the 
Church  in  possession  of  the  Pilgrim's  Progress,  in  so  splendid  a  style,  and  at  so 
moderate  a  price. 

They  have  in  press  "  Thoughts  on  Family  Worship,"  by  the  Rev.  J.  W.  Alex- 
ander, D.D.,  a  work  of  which  it  will  not  be  too  much  to  say,  that  it  is  worthy  of 
the  author  and  the  subject. 

They  also  have  in  press  "A  Manual  of  Devotions  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors,"  a 
work  of  the  highest  importance  to  those  whose  spiritual  privileges  are  so  few,  and 
who  so  peculiarly  need  the  instructions  and  consolations  of  religion. 

The  amount  of  moneys  received  during  the  last  year,  including  a  balance  in  the 
treasury  at  the  date  of  the  last  report,  is  $36,840  50. 

The  condition  of  the  treasury,  as  represented  in  the  above  account,  furnishes 
evidence  of  the  faithfulness  with  which  the  financial  department  of  our  concerns 
has  been  conducted.  Acting  as  the  Board  do,  under  restrictions  prescribed  at  once 
by  their  limited  resources  and  the  instructions  of  the  General  Assembly,  they  feel 
the  necessity  of  running  no  unnecessary  risks  in  business,  which  would  expose 
them  to  losses  which  they  could  ill  sustain.  While  they  have  deemed  it  true 
economy  in  the  manufacturing  of  their  books,  to  employ  the  best  mechanics  and 
the  best  materials,  as  their  publications  will  show,  yet  their  contracts  have  been 
uniformly  on  cash  principles,  and  therefore  on  the  most  advantageous  terms. 

For  the  purpose  of  furnishing  the  churches  with  a  succinct  and  comprehensive 
account  of  their  plans  and  operations,  they  have  recently  published  a  short  tract, 
containing  a  statement  not  only  of  their  doings  as  a  Board  from  their  organiza- 
tion, but  of  the  results.  From  this  document  it  will  be  seen,  that  within  less 
than  seven  years,  since  they  began  to  publish,  they  have  issued  more  than  575,000 
volumes,  or  more  than  80,000  yearly.  .  In  the  same  period  they  have  published 
177,000  catechisms,  37,500  almanacs,  5500  occasional  tracts,  16,000  tracts  on  Po- 
pery, and  111,000  tracts  on  doctrinal  subjects.  Some  of  these  tracts  contain  the 
matter  of  a  small  volume,  and  are  many  times  the  size  of  ordinary  tracts.  They 
have  had  executed  by  the  best  artists,  on  steel,  copper,  and  wood,  337  distinct  en- 
gravings, many  of  them  of  the  mcst  beautiful  and  costly  kind.  And  although  com- 
mencing their  operations  in  1840,  with  an  available  capital  not  exceeding  $48,000, 
they  have  made  sales  to  the  amount  of  $145,477. 

The  Board  have  also  been  made  the  almoners  of  private  donations,  placed  at 
their  disposal  by  a  few  generous  persons,  to  be  distributed  according  to  their  judg- 
ment, by  means  of  which  $4300  have  been  expended,  and  about  10,000  volumes 
given  to  furnish  libraries  to  Presbyterian  clergymen  of  limited  pecuniary  means, 
to  feeble  churches,  Sabbath-schools,  benevolent  and  charitable  institutions,  and 
ships  of  war.  Many  thousand  volumes  have  thus  gone  through  the  Church  from 
their  depository,  of  a  sterling  character,  distinctively  Presbyterian  in  doctrine, 
and  eminently  practical  in  tendency,  to  convince,  instruct,  and  comfort  its  widely 
extended  community. 

Within  a  6hort  period  the  Board  have  presumed  60  far  upon  the  support  of  the 
churches,  as  to  take  some  incipient  steps  in  a  system  of  Colportage.  The  value 
of  such  an  agency  in  diffusing  the  books  of  the  Board,  as  well  as  its  efficiency,  have 
been  signally  exemplified  in  the  experience  of  other  associations;  but  it  has  not 
been  adopted  by  this  Board  for  the  want  of  means  to  sustain  it.  After  mature  and 
enlightened  inquiry  on  the  subject,  they  were  convinced  that  the  income  from  the 
sales  would  not  justify  the  large  outlay  which  would  be  required  to  carry  on  this 
mode  of  distribution  to  any  considerable  extent.  The  generous  donations  of  a  few 
individuals,  however,  have  enabled  the  Board  to  commence  the  work. 

Agents  for  circulating  and  colporteurs  have  been  appointed,  who  have  already 
entered  their  respective  fields,  and  it  is  the  purpose  of  the  Board  to  increase  their 
number  just  as  fast  as  the  means  put  by  the  Church  at  their  disposal  will  warrant. 

The  Board  would  also  inform  the  Assembly,  that  they  have  procured  from  the 
Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  an  act  of  incorporation  as  authorized  by  a  previous 
Assembly. 


534  board  op  education.  [Appendix. 

In  conclusion,  they  would  repeat  the  sentiments  expressed  in  a  former  Report, 
that,  let  the  Church  become  aroused  to  the  importance  of  this  institution,  and  to 
its  power  when  fully  put  forth  and  properly  directed;  let  them  carry  out  the 
repeated  recommendation  of  former  Assemblies  on  the  subject  of  cooperation,  and 
then  will  its  influence  be  felt,  in  giving  strength  as  well  as  enlargement  to  our 
Zion. 

And  while  the  Board  thus  solicit  the  assistance  and  counsel  of  the  Assembly, 
they  would,  more  than  all,  desire  and  ask  an  unceasing  interest  in  their  prayers. 


BOARD    OF   EDUCATION. 


officers  of  the  board. 


President. — Alexander  Henry. 

Vice  Presidents. — Matthew  L.  Bevan,  John   McDowell,  D.  D.,  Thomas  Brad- 
ford, Esq. 
C  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.,  Corresponding  Secretary. 
William  Chester,  D.  D.,  Associate  Secretary  and  General  Agent. 
W.  M.  Atkinson,  I).  D.,  Agent  for  the  South  and  South  west. 
R.  Soutter,  Jr.,  Recording  Secretary. 
Joseph  B.  Mitchell,  Treasurer. 
Frederick  V.  Krug,  )    .     , 
James  N.  Dickson,   \  Audltors- 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

Matthew  L.  Bevan,  Chairman  ;  Joseph  H.  Jones,  D.  D.,  H.  A.  Boardman,  D.  D.» 
A.  Tudehope,  William  Chester,  D.  D.,  C.  Van  Rensselaer,  D.  D.,  James  N.  Dick- 
son, Matthew  IMewkirk,  James  Dunlap,  Thomas  Bradford,  Esq.,  R.  Soutter,  Jr.» 
Alexander  Symington,  J.  B.  Mitchell. 

Abstract  of  the  Annual  Report,  presented  tt>  the  General  Assembly, 

May  T847. 

The  Board  of  Education  respectfully  submit  to  the  General  Assembly  an  account 
of  their  operations  during  the  year,  accompanied  by  a  statement  of  some  general 
views  connected  with  the  advancement  of  the  cause  of  ministerial  education. 

The  number  of  new  candidates  received  during  the  year  has  been  96 

Making  in  all,  from  the  beginning,  (in  1819,)        ... 

The  whole  number  on  the  list  during  the  year  has  been 
Of  this  number  there  have  been 

In  their  Theological  course  - 

"         Collegiate       do.  ... 

"         Academical     do.      - 
Stage  of  study  not  reported       ... 
Teaching  to  procure  funds    .... 

PASTORAL    SUPERVISION. 

During  the  year,  the  Corresponding  Secretary  and  the  Associate  Secretary  and 
General  Agent  have  attempted  to  carry  out  a  plan  of  pastoral  visitation.  They 
have  visited  almost  all  the  institutions  where  the  candidates  are  collected  in  any 
number;  have  prayed  with  the  young  men,  conversed  with  them, and  endeavoured 
publicly  and  privately  to  stir  up  their  minds  to  the  remembrance  of  the  high  and 
holy  duties  of  the  ministry.     Dr.  Atkinson  has  also  discharged  the  same  duty  in 


- 

1663 

- 

403 

140 

187 

43 

5 

28 — 

403 

A.  D.  1847.]             BOARD  OF  EDUCATION.  535 

various  sections  of  the  Church.    So  that  few  of  the  candidates  are  personally 
unknown  to  us. 

STATE    OF    THE    TREASURY. 

The  Treasurer's  Report  of  moneys  received  and  expended  from  May  1st,  1846, 
to  May  1st,  1847,  is  as  follows: 

Balance  on  hand  May  1st,  1846,          ....  $  3,918  48 

Cash  received  during  the  year,            ....  35,627  14 

Total  amount  of  available  funds,          ....  39,545  62 

Amount  paid  on  orders  of  Executive  Committee,        -            -  32,327  08 

Balance  May  1st,  1848, 7  218  54 

Of  which  applicable  to  parochial  schools,        ...  3,000  00 

$4,218  54 


GENERAL    PRINCIPLES. 

The  Board  embrace  this  opportunity  to  re-affirm  before  the  Assembly  and  the 
Church,  some  of  the  leading  facts  and  principles  which  are  indissolubly  connected 
with  the  advancement  of  the  interests  of  ministerial  education. 

I.  The  basis  of  all  the  operations  of  the  Board  of  Education  is,  that  a  pious  and 
well  qualified  ministry  is  the  great  instrumentality  appointed  by  the  Head  of  the 
Church  for  the  conversion  of  the  world. 

The  work  of  training  up  ministers  is  therefore  fundamental  work  in  the  Church 
of  Christ. 

II.  The  providence  of  God  calls  loudly  for  more  men  to  preach  the  gospel.  The 
commission  to  "  preach  the  gospel"  at  all,  requires  that  it  should  be  preached  "  to 
every  creature."     The  gospel  is  Christ's  gospel  for  all  the  earth. 

The  number  of  ordained  ministers  which  the  Presbyterian  Church  sends  out  to 
teach  the  heathen  nations  is  exceedingly  small  in  comparison  with  the  extent  of 
the  field.  The  Judaism  of  the  apostolic  church,  displayed  in  an  unwillingness  to 
send  the  gospel  to  the  Gentiles,  still  shows  itself  at  the  present  day.  The  Church 
should  send  forth  hundreds  of  Christian  missionaries  to  relieve  the  cry  of  perishing 
millions,  and  to  answer  the  importunity  of  an  awakening  world.  But  wheie  are 
the  men?     "  The  labourers  are  few." 

Within  the  bounds  of  our  own  denomination,  in  this  favoured  land,  there  are 
nearly  five  hundred  vacant  churches.  If  some  of  these  have  been  supplied  during 
the  year,  others  have  become  destitute  of  the  means  of  grace;  and  if  many  of 
these  congregations  be  small,  yet  in  the  aggregate  they  embrace  many  thousands 
of  church  members. 

Besides  this  large  number  of  vacancies,  there  are  hundreds  of  destitute  places 
east,  south,  and  west,  where  the  gospel  ought  to  be  proclaimed  from  sanctuaries 
built  up  through  the  labours  of  Presbyterian  missionaries. 

In  addition  to  our  vacancies  and  actual  destitutions,  we  must  include  the  almost 
confounding  element  of  the  increase  of  our  population.  The  developments  of 
American  statistics  are  the  romance  of  political  economy.  It  has  been  computed, 
in  popular  language,  that  the  wave  of  population  rolls  westward  at  the  rale  of  eigh- 
teen miles  a  year,  sweeping  away  the  wilderness  by  a  living  title  of  active  and 
increasing  encroachment. 

With  an  adequate  supply  of  right-minded,  devoted  ministers,  the  number  of 
Presbyterian  churches  might,  in  the  providence  of  God,  be  speedily  doubled. 

III.  In  the  midst  of  these  enlarged  demands  for  more  men,  the  fact  stands  out  upon 
our  records  that  for  the  last  three  vears  the  number  of  candidates  in  the  Presby- 
terian Church  has  been  diminishing.  The  watchman,  in  telling  us  of  the  night, 
could  scarcely  have  alarmed  Zion  with  a  more  fearful  report. 

The  small  increase  of  candidates  this  year — which  is  eighteen  in  the  aggregate 


536  board  of  education.  [Appendix. 

above  the  number  of  last  year — should  by  no  means  diminish  the  solicitude  of  the 
Church  on  this  vital  topic.  The  number  of  candidates  is  far  behind  the  wants  of 
the  Church  and  the  age.  The  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  with  about  seven  hundred 
ministers  and  congregations,  has  nearly  the  same  number  of  theological  students 
as  our  own  branch  of  the  Presbyterian  Church,  with  seventeen  hundred  ministers 
and  twenty-four  hundred  congregations.  According  to  "  the  rule  of  three,"  which 
is  a  fearful  test  for  us  when  we  cypher  with  Scotland,  our  Church  should  have  at 
least  five  hundred  theological  students,  and  one  thousand  candidates  under  the  care 
of  the  Board  of  Education,  in  all  stages  of  their  studies.  At  our  present  rate  of 
increase,  it  would  take  a  generation  to  reach  the  relative  numbers  of  Scotland, 
even  if  Scotland  remained  stationary  during  the  interval.  Small  as  our  increase 
has  been,  during  the  year,  there  is  danger  that  it  will  backslide  again  into  a  dimi- 
nution. No  subject  should  more  anxiously  engage  the  attention,  the  prayers,  and 
the  efforts  of  the  Church  than  the  adequate  supply  of  her  ministerial  ranks. 

IV.  God  alone  can  furnish  the  Church  with  ministers. 

The  ministerial  office,  which  requires  in  the  first  place  the  regeneration  of  the 
soul,  is  entirely  dependent  upon  the  will  of  God.  The  grace  of  regeneration  and 
sanctification  is  bestowed,  through  the  cross  of  Christ,  upon  his  own  elect. 

In  addition  to  a  saving  call,  the  ministerial  office  requires  the  intimations  of 
God's  will  by  the  Spirit  in  regard  to  this  particular  vocation.  The  soul  is  called 
not  only  to  the  knowledge  of  Christ,  but  to  the  ministry  of  Christ.  "No  man 
taketb  this  honour  to  himself,  but  he  that  is  called  of  God  as  was  Aaron." 

The  Presbyterian  Church  is  clear  and  explicit  in  her  standards  and  in  her  prac- 
tice as  to  the  necessity  of  a  holy  and  divinely  called  ministry.  This  is  a  funda- 
mental principle  in  all  her  operations. 

V.  The  Church  must  use  means  to  raise  up  ministers. 

The  command  of  Christ  to  pray  to  him  as  the  "  Lord  of  the  harvest,"  implies 
the  faithful  efforts  of  his  Church,  with  a  reliance  upon  his  blessing,  to  secure  the 
object  of  their  supplications. 

The  analogies  ot  religion  confirm  the  same  idea.  The  conversion  of  the  soul 
as  well  as  its  sanctification,  consolation  and  providential  guidance,  is  connected 
with  means  of  every  kind  and  degree.  Christian  character  and  hope,  in  the  end- 
less variety  of  gracious  experience,  depend  upon  the  employment  of  divinely 
ordained  instrumentalities.  Why  then  should  the  single  subject  of  furnishing  the 
Church  with  ministers  be  selected  as  requiring  no  Christian  effort,  no  anxious  toil, 
no  holy  zeal,  no  persevering  care? 

The  authority  of  the  Church  is  concerned  in  this  great  topic.  If  the  Church 
cannot  use  means  to  call  the  attention  of  her  children  to  the  ministry,  what  voice 
can  she  have  in  their  ordination?  The  topics  she  propounds  in  the  examination 
of  candidates  as  to  personal  qualification  for  the  ministry,  embrace  the  substance 
of  the  inquiries  which  the  use  of  means  furnishes  for  private  consideration.  If  the 
Head  of  the  Church  exclude  the  preliminary  agency  of  his  saints,  much  less  have 
they  any  right  to  sit  in  judgment  on  the  irreversible  decision  of  His  will. 

Apostolic  practice  confirms  the  practice  of  the  Church  at  the  present  time. 
Paul's  injunctions  to  Timothy,  such  as  "the  same  commit  thou  to  faithful  men, 
who  shall  be  able  to  teach  others  also;"  "  lay  hands  suddenly  on  no  man;"  "  ordain 
elders  in  every  church  ;"  these  injunctions  demanded  that  Timothy  should  employ 
all  suitable  methods  of  testing  character.  It  was  necessary  for  him  to  use  all  the 
means  which  Christian  prudence  suggested  in  regard  to  so  important  a  work. 

The  use  of  appropriate  means  for  the  increase  of  the  ministry  is  the  safest  plan. 
To  leave  this  great  subject  undiscussed  and  unattended  to  in  the  Church,  is  to 
hand  it  over  to  the  impulses  of  fanaticism,  and  to  all  the  misconceptions  of  igno- 
rance. 

This  is  the  surest  way  to  obtain  ministers.  Experience  proves  that  when  the 
Church  uses  the  means  of  God's  appointment,  her  candidates  increase;  and  that 
when  religion  languishes  and  her  efforts  grow  faint,  their  number  diminishes.  Pro- 
vidence teaches  a  lesson  as  impressive  as  revelation. 

VI.  Means  to  be  used. 

1.  Prayer  to  "  the  Lord  of  the  harvest,^  is  among  the  precious,  personal  instruc- 
tions of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  The  Church,  whose  prayers  ascend  to  "  the  Lord 
of  the  harvest,"  will  receive  the  first  fruits  of  his  blessing  in  a  spiritual  and 
numerous  ministry. 


A.  D.  1847.]  BOARD    OF    EDUCATION.  537 

The  Board  solemnly  and  anxiously  reiterate  their  convictions  that  the  education 
operations  of  the  Church  eannot  be  successfully  carried  on  without  much  prayer. 
The  number  of  candidates  will  decrease,  and  their  training  will  not  be  such  as  the 
Church  and  the  age  require,  unless  the  grace  of  God,  invoked  by  his  people,  shines 
around  our  tabernacle  by  day  and  by  night. 

2.  Pastoral  instruction  is  necessary  for  the  increase  of  the  ministry.  Our  young 
men  need  encouragement,  counsel,  watchfulness,  sympathy,  warning,  exhortation. 
They  need  pastoral  supervision  with  all  its  kindly,  persuasive,  authoritative  instruc- 
tions. They  need  to  be  appealed  to  from  the  cross,  and  from  the  throne.  Every 
young  man  of  piety  and  promise  should  realize  that  the  Lord  his  God  has  bought 
him  with  a  price,  and  that  he  must  render  an  account  of  his  profession — of  the 
motives  which  led  to  its  choice,  as  well  as  of  the  manner  of  pursuing  it.  Worldly 
influences  are  besetting  our  youth  with  a  power  that  often  tempts  them  to  disho- 
nour their  religion.  Their  hearts  become  pre-engaged  by  merchandize  and  the 
law  and  the  farm  and  medicine,  and  corrupting  idleness  and  the  pride  of  life. 
What  shall  save  our  youth  to  the  Church,  if  our  ministers  slumber? 

3.  The  parental  consecration  of  children  to  Christ  is  an  important  element  in 
increasing  the  supply  of  ministers.  The  children  belong  to  God  as  the  creations 
of  his  power,  the  "  gracious  gifts"  of  his  Providence.  Having  been  also  dedicated 
to  him  by  baptismal  vows,  why  should  parents  desire  to  lead  them  off  from  the 
sanctuary  path,  from  the  most  honourable,  useful,  and  glorious  employment  among 
the  occupations  of  men  1 

Scripture  example  stimulates  parental  devotion  in  the  early  dedication  and 
training  of  children.  Hannah,  having  prevailed  with  God  to  create  her  child, 
solemnly  "lent  him  unto  the  Lord  all  the  days  of  his  life." 

In  all  ages  parental  consecration  has  had  much  to  do  with  the  supplies  of  the 
ministerial  ranks.  The  lives  of  Augustine,  and  Doddridge,  and  Edwards,  and 
Davies,  and  Cecil,  and  Newton,  and  Mills  and  Payson  are  illustrations  of  the  pow- 
er of  parental  tears  and  prayers.  The  Board  of  Education  have  observed  in  the 
correspondence  of  their  candidates  a  remarkable  testimony  to  this  fact.  Many  of 
them  particularly  mention  the  respect  for  the  ministry  taught  and  felt  in  child- 
hood as  having  had  an  influence  after  their  conversion  in  turning  their  attention 
lo  the  sacred  office.  The  redemption  of  the  world  and  all  the  measures  to  secure 
it,  are  closely  connected  with  infant  training. 

4.  Education  wider  the  supervision  of  the  Church  at  the  school,  at  the  academy, 
and  at  the  college,  as  well  as  at  the  seminary  is  of  supreme  importance  to  the 
interests  of  the  ministerial  profession. 

The  neglect  on  the  part  of  the  Church  of  her  baptized  children  and  of  her  youth 
in  general,  at  the  very  forming  period  of  their  character,  is  one  of  the  anomalies 
which  it  is  earnestly  hoped  will  no  longer  tarnish  our  annals. 

5.  The  increase  of  our  ministers  depends  upon  a  system  of  Church  co-operation, 
through  which  pecuniary  aid  can  be  rendered  to  the  pious  and  indigent  who  feel 
called  by  the  Spirit  and  by  the  voice  of  the  Church  to  prosecute  their  studies  with 
a  view  to  the  ministry.  The  duty  of  assisting  our  indigent  candidates  cannot  be 
consistently  denied,  as  long  as  our  standards  make  high  literary  attainments  an  in- 
dispensable qualification  for  the  sacred  office.  Evil  will  be  the  day  in  the  Presby- 
terian Church  when  the  rich  can  obtain  an  education  for  the  ministry  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  the  poor ! 

It  has  been  computed  that  at  least  one  half  of  all  the  ministers  of  our  Church 
have  been  aided  in  receiving  their  theological  education.  God  has  in  all  ages  sup- 
plied his  faithful  ministers  chiefly  from  the  ranks  of  the  humble  and  the  poor.  The 
Church,  therefore,  is  acting  in  the  line  both  of  God's  Providence  and  grace.  And 
she  has  been  blessed  in  doing  so.  Her  candidates  are  to  be  found  in  every  Synod, 
rewarding  her  benevolence  by  arduous  labours  in  the  Redeemer's  cause.  A  large 
proportion  of  our  foreign  and  domestic  missionaries  have  been  both  trained  up  and 
sent  forth  by  the  funds  of  the  Church.  Africa,  India,  and  China  testify  that  there 
is  a  blessing  in  the  Board  of  Education.  Many  a  wilderness  and  solitary  place  in 
our  own  and  in  heathen  lands  have  been  renewed  in  their  long-lost  hopes  through 
devoted  ministers,  offered  in  baptism  and  nursed  by  the  pious  poor.  The  vast  re- 
sults of  our  education  operations  in  multiplying  the  number  of  ministers  and  in  ad- 
vancing all  the  interests  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Son  of  God,  will  be  known  only 
in  the  day  when  he  himself  shall  appear  in  his  glory  ! 
Vol.  XI.— 53 


(         538         )  [Appendix. 

BOARD  OF  DOMESTIC  MISSIONS. 

OFFICERS    OF    THE    BOARD. 

Rev.  Ashbel  Green,  D.D.,  L.L.D.,  President. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 

Rev.  William  A.  McDowell,  D.D.,  Corresponding  Secretary  and  General  Agent. 

Alexander  Symington,  Recording  Secretary. 

William  D.  Snyder,  Treasurer. 

William  Nassau,  Senr.,  Auditor. 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

Rev.  John  McDowell,  D.D.,  Chairman.  Rev.  William  A.  McDowell,  D.  D., 
Rev.  Willis  Lord,  Rev.  Thomas  L.  Janeway,  A.  W.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Alexander 
Symington,  William  Nassau,  Sen.,  Matthew  Newkirk,  William  Dulty. 

COMMITTEE   ON    CHURCH   EXTENSION. 

Rev.  C.  C.  Cuyler,  D.D.,  Chairman.  Rev.  William  A.  McDowell,  D.  D.,  Alex- 
ander Symington,  A.  W.  Mitchell,  M.D.,  Robert  Soutter,  Jun. 

EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE,   AT   LOUISVILLE,    KY. 

Rev.  William  L.  Breckinridge,  D.D.,  Chairman.  Rev.  James  Woods,  D.D., 
Rev.  E.  P.  Humphrey,  Rev.  W.  W.  Hill,  Rev.  J.  J.  Bullock,  Rev.  Daniel  Stewart, 
William  Garvin,  Samuel  Casseday,  William  Richardson,  Henry  E.  Turnstall. 

Abstract  of  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  for  1847. 

The  past  year  has  been  marked  with  the  special  favour  of  God  to  the  cause  of 
Domestic  Missions.  This  cause,  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  has  silently,  but 
steadily  and  surely,  advanced.  The  whole  number  of  missionaries  in  commission 
during  the  year,  has  been  431.  Of  these,  235  were  in  commission  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  year,  and  196  have  been  new  appointments  during  the  year. 
The  whole  number  of  feeble  congregations,  and  missionary  stations  supplied,  has 
exceeded  1200.  This  is  a  large  increase,  both  in  the  number  of  missionaries,  and 
in  the  number  of  stations  occupied,  over  any  former  period.  The  number  of  itine- 
rant missionaries  has  been  considerably  increased,  and  most  of  the  missionaries 
have  spent  a  portion  of  their  time  in  itinerant  labours. 

So  far  as  reported,  there  have  been  added  to  the  churches,  on  examination,  1900 
members;  by  certificate,  1400;  lotal,  3300.  Not  less  than  70  new  churches  have 
been  organized,  and  nearly  100  houses  for  worship  have  been  erected. 

The  interest  in  Sabbath  Schools  and  Bible  Classes  has  greatly  increased ;  also  in 
catechetical  instruction.  This  is  a  fact  of  deep  interest.  There  is  an  increasing 
attention  to  the  instruction  of  the  young  on  the  part  of  our  missionaries,  and  a 
growing  desire  for  such  instruction  on  the  part  of  the  people. 

The  missionaries  have  engaged  extensively  in  the  distribution  of  the  Bible,  and 
in  the  circulation  of  religious  tracts  and  standard  religious  books.  The  works  of 
our  own  Board  of  Publication  have  been  extensively  circulated,  and  we  trust  are 
doing  much  good. 

The  pastoral  visitation  of  families  has  been  attended  to  with  much  care,  and 
with  happy  effects.  A  few  of  the  missionaries  have  made  laudable  efforts  to  intro- 
duce and  circulate  among  their  people,  The  Missionary  Chronicle,  and  with  good 
success.     Their  example  is  worthy  of  imitation  by  all  our  missionaries. 

The  monthly  concert  for  prayer,  and  weekly  prayer  meetings,  have  been  attended 
with  increasing  interest.  There  is  evidently  a  growing  interest  in  the  benevolent 
operations  of  the  day,  and  an  increasing  liberality  in  our  mission  churches.  We 
have  reported  as  collected  for  missions,  Foreign  and  Domestic,  between  ftGOOO  and 
«)j>7000,  and  an  amount,  much  larger  than  usual,  has  been  raised  for  other  objects. 

The  cause  of  temperance,  we  fear,  has  not  advanced  during  the  past  year.  In 
many  portions  of  the  missionary  field,  and  especially  in  some  parts  of  the  west, 
there  is  fearful  evidence  of  increasing  intemperance.  There  is  also  reason  to  fear, 
that  the  alarming  sin  of  Sabbath  desecration  has  increased. 


A.  D.  1847.]  BOARD    OF   DOMESTIC    MISSIONS.  539 

The  obstacles  to  the  progress  of  the  gospel,  in  all  portions  of  our  country,  during 
the  past  year,  have  been  both  numerous  and  powerful,  and  these  opposing  influences 
are  felt  in  all  their  strength  on  missionary  ground,  especially  in  our  new  settle- 
ments. But  notwithstanding  these  opposing  difficulties,  the  progress  of  this  work 
has  been  decided.  The  immediate,  visible  results,  as  we  have  seen,  are  great,  and 
most  encouraging.  But  in  the  great  missionary  work,  we  look  to  future  and  dis' 
taut  results. 

Funds. — The  whole  amount  of  funds  at  the  disposal  of  the  Board  during  the  year, 
has  been  $63,522.59.  The  balance  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  year,  is  about  $6000. 
The  whole  amount  exceeds  that  of  the  preceding  year  by  about  $8000.  The  in- 
crease in  the  receipts  of  the  year  has  not  been  large,  still  there  has  been  an 
increase,  which  is  in  itself  encouraging;  and  this  increase  has  been  principally 
in  collections  from  the  churches.  This  also  promises  well ;  as  the  cause  for  per- 
manent resources  must  depend  not  on  legacies,  nor  so  much  on  the  large  dona- 
tions of  the  few,  as  on  the  smaller  contributions  of  the  many. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  the  Board  have  received  in  valuable  clothing,  to  the 
amount  of  not  less  than  from  $3000  to  $4000.  This  clothing  has  been  distributed 
gratuitously  among  the  missionaries  most  in  want,  and  has  been  of  great  import- 
ance to  them  and  their  families.  The  Board  have  also  received  during  the  year, 
several  hundred  dollars'  worth  of  valuable  books  and  tracts  for  the  missionaries, 
and  for  the  people  among  whom  they  labour. 

They  are  able  to  close  the  year  well,  and  to  commence  a  new  year  under  propi- 
tious circumstances.  For  these  manifest  tokens  of  Divine  favour,  they  desire  to  be 
sincerely  and  devoutly  thankful;  and  would  view  the  goodness  and  faithfulness  of 
God  as  a  call  upon  them,  for  greater  diligence  and  zeal  in  this  work.  The  present 
liabilities  of  the  Board  are  very  large.  These  are  daily  becoming  due,  and  will 
require  immediate  efforts  to  meet.  Present  liabilities  will  of  necessity  be  greatly 
increased;  very  large  demands,  for  both  men  and  means,  will  be  made  on  your 
Board  the  coming  year.  The  missionary  field  is  not  only  increasing  in  population, 
it  is  also  widening  and  extending  on  all  sides.  Our  new  territory  will  make 
heavy  demands  on  your  Board  of  Missions,  and  we  are  certainly  not  at  liberty  to 
disregard  these  claims.  If  we  would  be  faithful  to  our  solemn  trust,  they  must  be 
met,  and  met  promptly.  This  will  require  a  large  increase  of  funds,  and  for  these 
the  Board  must  depend  on  the  churches.  They  have  no  other  resources.  The 
work  of  Domestic  Missions,  it  should  never  be  forgotten,  is  a  constantly  increas- 
ing work.  It  will  be  much  greater  this  year  than  it  was  the  last,  and  it  will  there- 
fore require  larger  resources,  greater  effort,  and  more  sacrifice. 

Agencies. — The  Rev.  Mr.  Happersett  has  continued  in  the  service  of  the  Board 
during  the  year.  He  has  visited  the  churches  extensively  in  several  of  the  Atlan- 
tic and  middle  States,  and  during  the  latter  part  of  the  winter  and  spring,  he  visi- 
ted several  of  the  southern  States. 

In  the  month  of  August,  the  Board  appointed  the  Rev;  Joseph  M.  Smith,  D.D., 
of  the  Baltimore  Presbytery,  an  agent  for  the  Synods  of  Pittsburgh,  Wheeling, 
and  Ohio. 

The  Rev.  S.  Scovel,  D.D.,  who  has  so  long  and  so  faithfully  served  the  Board  as 
their  agent  in  the  West,  continued  in  this  service  until  the  first  of  November, 
when  he  retired  from  the  agency,  and  accepted  the  presidency  of  the  college  of. 
South  Hanover,  Indiana,  to  which  he  had  been  elected. 

On  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Scovel,  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Bullock,  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  West  Lexington,  and  at  that  time  pastor  of  the  church  at  Frankfort, 
Kentucky,  was  appointed  Corresponding  Secretary  for  the  Western  Committee, 
and  General  Agent  for  the  West.  The  Rev.  Charles  Sturdevant  was  also  appointed 
an  agent.     Both  these  brethren  accepted  their  appointments. 

CHURCH    EXTENSION. 

During  the  year,  appropriations  have  been  made  to  aid  in  the  building  and 
finishing  of  forty-one  houses  of  worship;  and  in  addition  to  these,  aid  has  been 
given  to  thirteen  congregations  to  relieve  them  from  pressing  debts,  and  save  them 
from  absolute  ruin.  The  whole  number  of  churches  aided  has  been  fifly-four,  in 
sixteen  of  our  States,  and  one  church  in  Africa.  In  all  the  cases  where  the  appro- 
priations have  been  paid,  the  houses  have  been  finished,  and  the  congregations 


540  board  of  foreign  missions.  [Appendix. 

entirely  relieved  from  debt.  It  is  on  this  principle  the  Committee  make  their 
appropriations:  that  with  the  aid  granted,  the  people  will  pledge  themselves  to 
finish  the  building  and  leave  no  debt.  The  result  thus  far  has  been  most  happy. 
The  whole  amount  of  funds  received  for  this  object  during  the  year,  has  been 
$4596.85.     Of  this  amount,  was  received — 

From  one  individual,     ....  $3,000  00 

From  other  individual  donors,         .  .  .  551  40 

From  the  churches,      ....  1,045  45 


Total,  $4,596  85 

The  whole  amount  received  the  present  year  has  been  somewhat  less  than  was 
received  the  last  year,  while  the  number  of  churches  aided  has  been  considerably 
increased.  The  Board  have  repeatedly  expressed  their  conviction  of  the  importance 
of  this  object.  Another  year's  experience  has  not  weakened,  but  strengthened  that 
conviction. 


BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

OFFICERS    OF    THE    BOARD. 

President. — Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  D.  D. 

Vice-Presidents.  —  Messrs.  Charles  Chauncey,  John  Johnston,  Silas  Holmes, 
Harmar  Denny,  Alexander  Henry,  Matthew  L.  Bevan,  Sidney  A.  Baxter,  Natha- 
niel Ewing,  Alex.  C.  Henderson,  James  Blake,  John  T.  McCoun,  John  M. 
McCalla. 

EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE. 

Rev.  William  W.  Phillips.  D.  D.,  Jacob  J.  Janeway,  D.  D.,  William  D.  Snod- 
grass,  D.  D.,  James  W;  Alexander,  D.  D.,  Daniel  Wells,  ex  off".,  Messrs.  James 
Lenox,  Hugh  Auchincloss,  David  W.  C.  Olyphant,  James  T.  Soutter,  Robert 
Carter,  Walter  Lowrie,  ex  off. 

Corresponding  Secretary,  Walter  Lowrie,  Esq. 
Recording  Secretary,  Rev.  Jacob  Green. 
Assistant  Secretary,  Rev.  John  C.  Lowrie. 
Treasurer,  Rev.  Daniel  Wells. 
Auditors,  Messrs.  Thomas  Pr ingle,  Ebenezer  Piatt. 

Abstract  of  the  Tenth  Annual  Report,  for  1847. 

In  the  work  of  Missions,  the  Church  is  altogether  dependant  on  the  blessing  of 
God.  It  is  not  by  might,  nor  by  power,  but  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  that 
the  spiritual  kingdom  of  our  Lord  is  to  be  set  up  in  the  hearts  of  men.  The  Church 
may  expect  the  Divine  blessing  in  the  use  of  lawful  means;  and  through  her 
benevolence,  crowned  with  favour  from  on  high,  multitudes  that  are  ready  to 
perish  shall  rejoice  in  the  life  and  immortality  which  are  brought  to  light  in  the 
Gospel.  The  Report  commences  with  a  devout  acknowledgment  of  these  truths, 
and  then  proceeds  to  give  a  detailed  statement  of  the  condition  and  progress  of  the 
Foreign  Missions  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  during  the  last  year.  It  is  the 
design  of  this  paper  to  present  a  brief  Abstract  of  the  Report. 

Finances. — The  Receipts  from  all  sources  have  been  $95,628,  less  $1,949,  bal- 
ance on  hand  from  last  year.  It  is  peculiarly  gratifying  that  the  donations  of  the 
churches,  which  must  ever  be  the  main  pecuniary  support  of  the  work,  have  been 
considerably  larger  than  during  any  preceding  year.  From  the  Bible  and  Tract 
Societies,  and  from  legacies,  on  the  other  hand,  smaller  sums  have  been  received  ; 
but  the  whole  amount  is  larger  than  the  receipts  of  any  former  year.  The  expend- 
itures of  the  year  have  been  $95,458. 

Publications. — Of  the  Missionary  Chronicle  upwards  of  8000  copies  are  pub- 
lished, and  of  the  P\>reign  Missionary  nearly  13,000  copies.  Besides  these,  3500 
copies  of  the  Annual  Report  of  1S46   were  published,  7000  copies  of  Letters  to 


A.  D.  1847.]  BOARD    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS.  541 

Children,  by  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Rogers,  and  2000  copies  of  an  Address  before  the 
Synod  of  New  York,  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Phillips,  D.  D. 

Agencies. —  In  the  Western  and  South-western  Synods,  the  Rev.  W.  S.  Rogers, 
and  the  Rev.  I.  N.  Candee,  have  continued  to  act  as  agents  of  the  Board  during 
the  year — Mr.  Candee's  agency  ceasing  at  the  end  of  the  year  now  reported.  In 
the  Eastern  and  some  of  the  Southern  Synods,  the  Rev.  H.  R.  Wilson,  Jr.,  since 
his  return  from  India,  has  presented  the  cause  of  missions  to  many  of  the  churches. 

New  Missionaries. — Ten  ministers,  two  licentiate  preachers — one  of  whom  is 
a  physician,  a  teacher,  a  steward,  a  carpenter,  and  ten  females,  the  wives  of  mis- 
sionaries, have  been  set  to  different  fields  of  labour.  Their  names  will  appear  in 
connexion  with  their  missions. 

Choctaw  Mission. — The  Rev.  J.  B.  Ramsey  and  his  wife,  Mr.  O.  P.  Stark, 
principal  teacher,  Mr.  H.  C.  Gardner,  teacher,  and  his  wife,  Mr.  L.  Bissel,  teacher, 
Miss  E.  J.  Morrison,  assistant,  Mr.  J.  Lathrop,  mechanic,  and  his  wife,  Mr.  J. 
McLure,  steward,  and  his  wife,  and  Mr.  J.  S.  Betz,  carpenter,  are  now  connected 
with  Spencer  Academy,  a  Manual  Labour  Boarding  School,  which  is  supported 
chiefly  by  the  Choctaw  nation.  A  serious  sickness  attacked  many  of  the  scholars 
in  November  last,  proving  fatal  to  three  of  them;  and  the  superintendent,  Mr. 
Ramsey,  was  also  dangerously  ill.  It  became  necessary  to  suspend  the  duties  of 
the  institution  for  a  season.  In  January,  the  school  was  re-opened,  and  the  full 
number  of  pupils,  which  is  limited  to  one  hundred,  has  been  probably  completed 
before  this  time.  Their  conduct  and  improvement  have  been  highly  gratifying  to 
the  Superintendent  and  Trustees  of  the  Academy.  These  boys,  who  are  spoken 
of  as  highly  promising,  are  now  in  training  for  the  duties  of  this  life  and  for  the 
world  to  come,  under  very  favourable  religious  influences.  This  fact  will  encour- 
age the  people  of  God  to  offer  fervent  prayers  on  their  behalf. 

Creek  and  Seminole  Mission. — The  Rev.  R.  M.  Loughridge,  Mr.  J.  Lilley, 
teacher,  and  their  wives,  are  still  connected  with  this  mission.  The  school  con- 
tains eighteen  boys  and  twenty-four  girls,  of  whom  twenty-one  board  in  the  mis- 
sion family.  The  Creeks  are  now  so  impressed  with  the  importance  of  having 
their  children  educated,  that  the  applications  for  admission  into  the  school  are  more 
numerous  than  at  any  former  period.  Arrangements  are  in  progress  for  establish- 
ing a  Manual  Labour  Boarding  School  among  them.  The  church  contains  four- 
teen native  members,  and  more  than  two  hundred  have  joined  a  Temperance 
Society. 

Iowa  and  Sac  Mission. — The  Rev.  Messrs.  W.  Hamilton  and  S.  M.  Irvin,  and 
Mr.  F.  Irvin,  farmer,  with  their  wives,  are  connected  with  this  mission,  the  health 
of  Mrs.  Hamilton  having  become  so  much  better  as  to  permit  their  return  to  this 
field  of  labour.  The  Boarding  School  was  opened  early  in  the  summer,  and  thirty 
Iowa  children  admitted  as1  scholars.  The  Sacs  refuse  to  send  any  of  their  children 
to  the  school.  The  missionaries  coniinue  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  these  Indians, 
but  meet  with  great  discouragement  from  the  prevalence  of  intemperance  amongst 
them.  The  hope  of  saving  these  tribes  from  extinction,  seems  to  be  centred  in 
their  children,  who  are  now  for  the  first  time  placed  fully  under  Christian  influence. 

Omahaw  and  Otoe  Mission. — This  is  a  new  mission  commenced  during  the 
year  by  the  Rev.  E.  McKinney  and  wife,  and  Mr.  P.  Bloohm,  formerly  of  the  Iowa 
mission.  Their  station  is  at  Bellevue,  on  the  Missouri,  near  Council  Bluffs.  The 
number  of  the  Otoes  is  116G;  of  the  Omahaws,  1050.  The  latter  people,  particu- 
larly, are  in  circumstances  of  great  destitution,  which  strongly  appeal  to  the  bene- 
volence of  the  charitable.  They  are  also  inclined  to  receive  with  favour  the 
instructions  of  the  missionary.  Seldom  has  any  effort  for  the  conversion  of  the 
Indians  been  undertaken,  where  there  was  a  louder  call  for  it.  The  Gospel  alone 
can  save  these  Indians,  and  should  this  mission  be  withdrawn,  or  not  sufficiently 
supported,  they  will  soon  disappear,  and  their  cry  for  help  be  heard  no  more. 

Chippewa  and  Ottawa  Mission. — The  Rev.  P.  Dougherty  and  his  wife  are  now 
the  only  missionaries  at  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  Mr.  H.  Bradley  having,  with  the 
consent  of  the  Committee,  given  up  his  post  as  teacher.  The  school  has  an  average 
attendance  of  about  thirty  scholars.  The  church  numbers  twenty  native  mem- 
bers; the  general  prospects  of  the  mission  continue  to  be  encouraging. 

53* 


542  board  of  foreign  Missions.  [Appendix. 

Western  Africa. — There  are  two  missions  on  the  western  coast  of  this  dark 
land,  one  amongst  the  Kroo  people,  the  other  in  the  American  colony.  The  Kroo 
Mission  has  three  stations,  at  which  are  settled  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Connelly  and  his 
wife,  the  Rev.  J.  M.  Priest  and  his  wife,  Mr.  VV.  JYIcDonough,  teacher,  and  R.  \V. 
Sawyer,  native  teacher.  In  the  early  part  of  the  year,  some  opposition  to  the 
missionaries  was  manifested  at  Settra  Kroo,  but  afterwards  a  better  state  of  feeling 
was  evinced.  The  pupils  in  the  Boarding  School,  after  having  been  reduced  to 
eight  scholars,  were  again  increased  to  thirty.  Small  schools  are  also  conducted 
at  the  other  stations.  Mr.  Connelly  has  in  view  a  journey  into  the  interior,  hoping 
to  find  an  eligible  place  for  missionary  labour  among  the  inland  tribes. 

In  the  Liberia  Mission,  there  are  two  stations,  one  at  Monrovia,  where  the  Rev. 
J.  Eden  is  settled,  and  the  other  at  Sinoe,  now  left  unoccupied  by  the  death  of  the 
Rev.  T.  Wilson,  who  was  called  to  his  rest.  The  school  at  Monrovia  has  been 
suspended  for  the  present,  and  no  late  accounts  have  been  received  concerning  the 
state  of  the  church  at  that  place.  The  Rev.  H.  W.  Ellis  and  family,  embarked  for 
Monrovia  in  January.  His  attainments  in  learning  under  unfavourable  circum- 
stances, and  his  steady  and  consistent  piety,  secured  for  him  the  confidence  of  the 
churches  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  by  whose  liberality  he  and  his  family  were 
redeemed  from  slavery.  He  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Tuscaloosa,  and 
it  is  hoped  that  a  life  of  more  than  ordinary  influence  and  usefulness  is  before  him 
in  the  land  of  his  forefathers.     He  is  commended  to  the  prayers  of  the  churches. 

India:  Lodiana  Mission. — The  stations  of  this  mission  are,  Lodiana,  Saharun- 
pur,  and  Sabathu, —  Merat  having  been  relinquished  ;  and  the  missionaries  are  the 
Rev.  Messrs.  J.  Newton,  J.  R.  Campbell,  J.  M.  Jamieson,  J.  Porter,  L.  Janvier,  J.  Cald- 
well, J.  H.  Morrison,  and  Golok  Nath  ;  and  Mr.  A.  Rudolph,  a  licentiate  preacher ; 
besides  several  native  assistants.  Mr.  Jamieson  is  at  present  in  this  country, 
having  returned  to  provide  for  the  education  of  his  children,  but  is  expecting  to  go 
back  to  his  field  of  labour  during  this  summer.  Mr.  Campbell  has  been  compelled 
by  the  failure  of  Mrs.  Campbell's  health,  to  leave  India  for  a  season,  and  is  now  on 
his  return  home.  Mr.  Morrison  was  formerly  of  the  Allahabad  Mission,  from 
which  he  was  obliged  to  withdraw  by  ill  health,  but  he  is  permitted  aoain  to  labour 
in  India.  Mr.  Rudolph  was  formerly  connected  with  a  local  Missionary  Society 
in  Upper  India,  from  which  he  brought  satisfactory  recommendations.  He  was 
licensed,  and  Golok  Nath  was  ordained  by  the  Presbytery  of  Lodiana.  Most  of 
these  missionaries  are  married  men. 

India:  Fvrrukhabad  Mission. — The  stations  of  this  mission  are  Futtehgurh, 
Mynpoory  and  Agra;  and  the  missionaries  are  the  Rev.  Messrs.  J.  Wilson,  H.  R. 
Wilson,  Jr.,  M.  D.,  J.  L.  Scott,  J.  C.  Rankin,  W.  H.  McAuley,  J.  J.  Walsh,  and 
Gopee  Nath  Nundy,  and  their  wives;  and  also  the  Rev.  Messrs.  D.  Irving,  and  A. 
H.  Seeley  and  their  wives,  and  Mr.  R.  M.  Munnis.a  licentiate  preacher,  who  have 
probably  reached  their  field  of  labour,  having  left  Calcutta  in  February  last ; 
besides  four  native  assistants.  The  Rev.  H.  R.  Wilson,  Jr.,  and  family  have  re- 
turned to  this  country  for  a  season,  on  account  of  the  continued  ill' health  of  Mrs. 
Wilson.  Mrs.  J.  Wilson,  whose  return  was  mentioned  in  the  last  Report,  expects 
to  go  back  to  India  during  this  summer. 

India:  Allahabad  Mission. — The  only  station  of  this  mission  is  the  city  of  Alla- 
habad, and  the  missionaries  are  the  Rev.  Messrs.  J.  Warren,  J.  E.  Freeman, 
J.  Owen,  and  J.  Wray,  and  their  wives;  besides  two  native  assistants. 

The  labours  of  the  brethren  atone  of  the  stations  of  the  Lodiana  Mission  were 
interrupted  for  some  time  by  the  war  between  the  Sikhs  and  the  British;  but  the 
Lord  restrained  the  wrath  of  the  wicked,  and  preserved  his  servants  in  safety.  In 
the  end,  the  field  of  direct  labour  was  enlarged,  and  the  missionaries  now  call 
loudly  to  the  Church  to  occupy  stations  in  the  country  west  of  the  Sutlej,  which 
has  been  opened  for  the  visits  and  residence  of  foreigners.  Besides  the  hindrance 
caused  by  this  war  to  the  missionary  work,  in  some  cases  the  routine  of  labour  has 
been  modified  or  suspended  by  the  impaired  health  of  members  of  the  mission 
families.  With  these  exceptions,  the  usual  departments  of  missionary  duty  have 
been  conducted  in  all  the  missions;  and  with  more  than  ordinary  encouragement. 
About  1,000  children  and  youths  are  in  the  schools,  of  whom  145  are  boarded,  and 


A.  D.  1817.]  BOARD    OF    FOREIGN   MISSIONS.  543 

303  more  are  pupils  of  schools  in  which  the  English  language  is  the  medium  of 
instruction.  At  Allahabad,  the  government  having  relinquished  the  charge  of  the 
College  or  High  School  for  the  education  of  native  youths  in  English,  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Mission — together  with  the  use  of  a  valuable  building.  And  at  Fur- 
rukhabad,  where  a  similar  transfer  was  made  some  time  since,  the  Mission  acknow- 
edge  the  further  favour  of  the  government  in  the  gift  of  about  700  volumes  of 
books  for  the  use  of  the  school.  The  churches  contain  upwards  of  eighty  native 
members,  of  whom  sixteen  were  admitted  during  the  year.  Two  natives  were 
ordained  as  ruling  elders.  A  church  and  a  chapel  have  been  erected  at  Alla- 
habad, chiefly  by  the  generous  donations  of  English  friends  in  India.  The  presses 
have  executed  over  13,000,000  of  pages  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  other  works, 
in  four  different  languages.  And  these  have  gone  largely  into  circulation  among 
the  natives,  having  been  distributed  by  the  missionaries  on  their  journeys,  at  the 
fairs,  and  at  other  times  in  their  intercourse  with  the  people.  The  station  at  Agra 
continues  to  awaken  the  hope  of  wide  usefulness.  And,  in  general,  the  seed  of  the 
Word  of  Life  has  been  broadly  sown  in  this  field  of  labour.  May  the  churches 
have  faith  to  pray  for  and  to  expect  the  dews  of  heavenly  grace  to  descend  and 
water  the  seed  sown,  that  it  may  spring  up  and  "  bear  fruit,  and  bring  forth,  some 
an  hundred  fold,  some  sixty,  some  thirty." 

Mission  in  Sum. — The  mission  of  the  Board  iR  this  kingdom,  which  had  been 
suspended  since  1845,  is  now  resumed ;  and  the  Rev.  S.  Mattoon  and  his  wife,  and 
S.  R.  House,  M.  D.,  who  is  also  a  licentiate  preacher,  left  this  country  in  August 
last,  for  their  future  station  at  Bangkok,  the  chief  city  in  Siam.  The  king  of  this 
country  is  one  of  the  main  supporters  of  Buddhism ;  but  "  the  king's  heart  is  in 
the  hand  of  the  Lord,  as  the  rivers  of  water;  he  turneth  it  whithersoever  he  will." 
Special  prayer  should  be  offered  unto  the  Lord  for  the  king  of  Siam,  that  his  heart 
may  be  turned  unto  the  cross  of  Christ. 

The  brethren  appointed  to  this  mission  reached  Canton  on  their  way  to  Bang- 
kok, about  the  end  of  December. 

China  :  Canton  Mission. — The  Rev.  Messrs.  A.  P.  Happer,  M.  D.,  J.  W 
French,  and  W.  Speer  and  his  wife,  are  connected  with  this  mission,  and  stationer 
for  the  present  at  Macao — Messrs.  French  and  Speer  having  arrived  at  that  place 
on  the  26th  of  December.  A  boarding-school  of  nineteen  boys,  under  Mr.  Hap- 
per's  care,  has  given  much  encouragement  to  its  superintendent.  The  city  of 
Canton  is  regarded  as  the  proper  seat  of  this  mission;  but  considerable  difficulty 
has  been  found  in  procuring  suitable  houses,  owing  to  the  prejudices  and  violence 
of  the  people  of  that  city  against  foreigners. 

China:  Amoy  Mission. — The  Rev.  Messrs.  J.  Lloyd  and  H.  A.  Brown  are  sta- 
tioned at  Amoy.  An  affection  of  the  eyes  has  hindered  their  progress  in  learning 
the  language,  which  is  still  the  chief  occupation  of  the  missionaries  of  the  Board 
in  China;  but  the  brethren  enjoyed  excellent  opportunities  of  intercourse  with  the 
people  of  this  city  and  the  neighbouring  villages,  and  of  distributing  religious  pub- 
lications among  them.  In  a  house  rented  for  a  chapel,  they  have  commenced  reli- 
gious  services,  which  were  well  attended. 

China:  Ningpo  Mission. — The  Rev.  Messrs.  W.  M.  Lowrie,  M.  S.  Culbortson, 
A.  W.  Loomis,  R.  Q.  Way,  and  J.  W.  Quarterman  ;  D.  B.  McCartee,  M.  D. ;  Mr. 
R.  Cole,  printer;  and  Mrs.  Culbertson,  Mrs.  Loomis,  Mrs.  Way,  and  Mrs.  Cole, 
are  stationed  at  Ningpo,  Mr.  Quarterman  having  joined  the  mission  during  the 
last  year.  The  temporary  station  at  Tinghai,  Chusan,  was  necessarily  relin- 
quished when  that  island  was  restored  by  the  British  to  the  Chinese.  The  mis- 
sionaries, though  not  yet  perfectly  at  home  in  the  native  language,  have  been  able 
to  impart  much  religious  instruction  to  the  people  in  their  daily  intercourse  with 
them;  and  three  stated  religious  services  are  conducted  on  the  Lord's  day,  in  a 
city  where  a  few  years  ago  no  one  was  permitted  to  publish  salvation.  Two  per- 
sons have  been  admitted  to  the  church,  which  now  consists  of  twelve  members. 
The  school  contains  thirty  boys,  who  are  supported  chiefly  at  the  expense  of  the 
mission,  and  efforts  are  in  progress  to  form  a  school  for  girls.  Numerous  opportu- 
nities occur  for  medical  practice  among  the  natives,  which  is  a  valuable  auxiliary 


544  board  of  foreign  missions.  [Appendix. 

to  the  missionaries  in  their  main  work,  the  gift  of  healing  for  their  spiritual  mala- 
dies. The  printing  press  is  efficiently  at  work.  Of  twelve  publications,  1,210,000 
pages  were  printed.  The  educated  Chinese  express  much  admiration  at  the  beauty 
of  the  work  printed  with  the  metallic  types,  which  only  are  used  at  this  press. 
The  missionaries  make  an  urgent  appeal  for  six  more  missionaries. 

To  give  the  gospel  to  the  people  of  China  is  a  great  work,  requiring  efficient 
agencies,  and  a  large  measure  of  faith  and  of  the  spirit  of  prayer  on  the  part  of 
the  Church.  The  missions  of  the  Board  in  that  field,  now  fairly  commenced,  are 
full  of  promise;  but  the  harvest  truly  is  plenteous,  while  the  labourers  are  few. 
"Pray  ye  therefore  the  Lord  of  the  harvest  that  he  will  send  forth  labourers  into 
his  harvest." 

Papal  Europe. — The  work  of  evangelization  in  many  parts  of  France  and 
other  European  countries,  appears  to  be  attended  with  a  manifest  blessing  from  on 
high.  The  evangelists  and  colporteurs  of  the  Evangelical  Societies  of  France  and 
of  Geneva  meet  with  great  encouragement  in  their  intercourse  with  the  people. 
Many  hopeful  conversions  are  reported;  and  large  numbers,  wearied  with  the  bur- 
densome religion  of  Rome,  are  ready  for  almost  any  change.  Under  the  preach- 
ing of  the  gospel,  they  would  embrace  the  way  of  life.  The  sum  of  -$3,002  has 
been  remitted  to  the  Societies  above-mentioned,  and  the  churches  are  entreated  to 
take  a  deeper  interest  in  the  work  of  grace  which  is  now  in  progress  in  those 
Romanist  countries. 

The  Jews. — The  Rev.  M.  R.  Miller  is  pursuing  the  study  of  Rabbinical  He- 
brew and  of  the  German  language,  in  the  city  of  New  York,  where  he  enjoys 
excellent  opportunities  of  holding  religious  conversations  with  many  Jews.  Their 
number  in  this  country  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  thus  far  there  appears  to  be  an 
open  door  for  missionary  labour  amongst  them. 

Concluding  Remarks. — The  Report  concludes  with  stating,  1.  That  a  larger 
number  of  labourers  have  been  sent  into  the  field  than  during  any  former  year. 
2.  That  it  is  the  privilege  of  the  Church  to  support  the  work  of  foreign  missions, 
as  shown  by  their  happy  influence  on  her  own  piety.  3.  That  great  deficiency  is 
manifest  in  the  pecuniary  support  of  this  work,  as  evinced  by  the  fact  that  many 
ehurches  and  church  members  have  made  no  contribution  in  the  year  for  its 
advancement.  The  Board  can  make  no  farther  progress,  without  increased  pecu- 
niary means.  4.  That  without  the  Divine  blessing,  all  will  be  in  vain.  "Our 
greatest  wants  are,  more  of  the  spirit  of  believing  prayer,  more  humility  in  the 
sight  of  God,  stronger  faith  in  the  Divine  promises,  and  more  of  the  spirit  of 
Christ." 


STANDING  RULE. 

In  the  Minutes  of  the  General  Assembly  for  the  year  1S21,  is  the  following  im- 
portant rule,  which  was  adopted  by  the  Assembly.  "An  overture  from  the  Synod 
of  North  Carolina  was  received  and  read,  and  is  as  follows:  viz. 

"  Whereas  the  General  Assembly  is  the  highest  and  most  important  judicatory 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church;  and  whereas  to  obtain  the  Divine  blessing  on  that 
judicatory  must  appear,  to  every  Christian  of  our  denomination,  to  be  a  matter  of 
the  utmost  moment ;  therefore, 

"  Resolved,  That  this  Synod  do  respectively  suggest  to  the  General  Assembly 
the  propriety  of  recommending  to  all  the  churches  under  their  care,  to  observe, 
annually,  the  afternoon  or  evening  previous  to  the  meeting  of  that  body,  as  a  sea- 
son of  special  prayer  to  Almighty  God  for  his  blessing ;  that  he  would,  of  his  inti- 
nite  mercy,  condescend  to  superintend  and  direct  all  their  measures,  deliberations, 
and  decisions;  so  that  all  may  redound  to  the  promotion  of  His  own  glory,  and 
the  general  prosperity  of  that  particular  Church  to  which  we  belong." 


A.  D.  1847.]  notices.  545 


TO  THE  STATED  CLERKS  OF  SYNODS. 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Stated  Clerks  of  the  respective  Synods,  to  send  up  to  the 
Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly  an  annual  report,  stating,  in  brief,  the  num- 
ber of  Presbyteries,  ministers,  churches,  licentiates,  and  candidates  within  their 
bounds,  and  particularly  all  changes  which  may  have  been  made  in  the  arrange- 
ment of  Presbyteries.  By  the  Assembly  of  1841,  (see  p.  425,)  it  has  been  made 
their  duty  also  to  transmit  to  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  Assembly,  the  time  and  place 
of  meetings  of  their  respective  Synods. 


THE  STATED  CLERKS  OF  PRESBYTERIES 
Are  earnestly  requested, 

1.  To  make  their  Annual  Reports,  if  they  have  no  printed  blanks,  after  the  form 
on  page  54G  of  these  minutes; 

2.  To  make  them  in  lair  legible  writing,  especially  the  figures; 

3.  To  make  them  as  full  and  accurate  as  possible  ; 

4.  To  report,  as  the  Assembly  has  ordered,  no  cents,  except  in  the  Contingent 
Fund; 

5.  To  add  up  with  care  the  several  columns; 

6.  To  append  to  the  Statistical  Table,  a  succinct  account  of  the  changes  in  their 
respective  Presbyteries  during  the  year;  and 

7.  To  transmit  their  Reports  as  early  as  practicable  after  the  spring  meetings 
of  Presbyteries. 

•  Compliance  with  these  requests,  while  it  will  be  to  each  Clerk  of  Presbytery, 
but  a  small  thing,  will  relieve  the  Stated  Clerk  of  the  General  Assembly  from  a 
serious  amount  of  perplexity  and  labour. 


THE  CONTINGENT  FUND. 

It  lias  become  imperative  that  the  churches  should  contribute  more  generally 
and  liberally  to  this  Fund.  It  is  now  more  than  exhausted,  while  some  of  the  cur- 
rent expenses  of  the  General  Assembly,  are  unpaid.  As  the  result,  the  Stated 
Clerk  is  subjected  to  no  little  embarrassment.  It  is  neither  generous  nor  just  that 
it  should  be  so.  Our  church  has  wealth  enough  to  enable  the  General  Assembly 
to  meet  with  promptness,  all  its  annual  expenditures. 

It  may  be  thought  that  the  amount,  reported  as  collected  for  the  Contingent 
Fund,  should  be  sufficient  for  this  purpose.  And  so  it  would  be,  or  nearly  so,  if  that 
amount  were  actually  paid.  But  this  is  not  the  case.  Small  as  the  amount  is,  re- 
ported this  year,  it  is  considerably  larger  than  has  come  into  the  Treasury,  i.  e.  of 
the  General  Assembly.  The  Stated  Clerk  can  account  for  this,  only  by  supposing, 
that  money  collected  for  Presbyterial  Contingent  Funds  is  sometimes  reported  in- 
discriminately with  that  for  the  Contingent  Fund  of  the  Assembly.  It  is  hoped 
that  Churches  and  Presbyteries  will  not  fail  to  attend  to  this  matter.  [See  Min- 
utes, p.  394.] 


REGULATION  RESPECTING  THE  MINUTES. 

Adopted  by  the  Assemblies  of  1836  and  1837,  and  directed  to  be  re-published  in  the 
Appendix  to  the  Minutes. 

"Each  Presbytery  shall  forward  to  the  Treasurer,  for  the  Contingent  Fund  of 
the  Assembly,  at  or  before  the  meeting  of  the  Assembly  in  each  year,  a  sum  equal 
to  fifty  cents  for  each  member  of  the  Presbytery,  and  for  any  licentiate  or  other 
person  who  shall  desire  the  Minutes,  and  whose  post-office  address  shall  be  given. 
And  the  Stated  Clerk  shall  not  forward  the  Minutes  to  the  members  of  any 
Presbytery  from  which  no  such  remittance  shall  be  made,  but  only  to  the  Stated 
Clerk  of  such  Presbytery,  and  to  such  members  as  shall  forward  the  sum  above 
stated." 


546 


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BEQUESTS. 


FORM  OF  A  DEVISE  OR  BEQUEST  TO  THE  BOARD  OF  PUBLICATION. 

I  give,  devise  and  bequeath  to  Alexander  W.  Mitchell,  M.  D.,  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  in  the  state  of  Pennsylvania,  his  heirs,  executors,  administrators, 
and  assigns,  the  sum  of  ,  in  trust  nevertheless  for  the  Presbyterian 

Board  of  Publication,  constituted  by  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  at  their  sessions  held  at  Philadelphia,  in 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  thirty  eight,  to  be  applied  by  the  said  Board  to  the  uses  and  purposes  for 
which  the  said  Board  was  so  as  aforesaid  established. 


FORM  OF  A  DEVISE  OR  BEQUEST  TO  THE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

I  give  and  devise  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Board  of  Education  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  the  sum  of  ,  to  be  applied 

by  said  Board  to  the  Education  of  Pious  and  Indigent  Young  Men  for  the  Gospel 
Ministry. 


FORM  OF  A  DEVISE  OR   BEQUEST  TO  THE  BOARD  OF  DOMESTIC 

MISSIONS. 

To  the  Trustees  of  the  Board  of  Missions  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Pres- 
byterian Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  and  to  their  successors  and  as- 
signs, I  give  and  bequeath  the  sum  of  ,  or  I  devise  a  certain  mes- 
suage and  tract  of  land,  &c,  to  be  held  by  the  said  Trustees  and  their  successors 
for  ever,  to  and  for  the  uses,  and  under  the  direction  of  the  said  Board  of  Missions 
of  the  said  General  Assembly  according  to  the  provisions  of  their  charter. 


FORM  OF  A  BEQUEST  TO  THE  BOARD  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

I  bequeath  to  my  Executors  the  sum  of  dollars  in  trust  to  pay 

over  the  same  in  after  my  decease,  to  the  person  who,  when  the  same 

shall  be  payable,  shall  act  as  Treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  to  be  applied  to  the  uses 
and  purposes  of  said  Board,  and  under  its  direction,  and  the  receipt  of  the  said 
Treasurer  shall  be  a  full  and  legal  acquittance  of  my  said  Executors  for  the  same. 

0^7=  When  bequests  are  made  to  the  respective  Boards,  let  the  foregoing  forms 
be  carefully  observed.  Legacies  are  often  lost  to  the  cause  which  the  testator  de- 
signs to  aid,  by  a  defect  in  the  will.  When  real  estate  or  other  property  is  to  be 
given,  let  it  be  particularly  described. 


PRESBYTERIAN  PERIODICALS. 


Names. 

Biblical  Repertory, 

The  Presbyterian, 

Watchman  and  Observer, 
Presbyterian  Advocate, 
Presbyterian  Herald, 
Presbyterian  of  the  West, 
Missionary  Chronicle, 


Where  published. 
Philadelphia, 
Philadelphia  ) 
and  N.  York.  \ 
Richmond,  Ya. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
Louisville,  Ky. 
Cincinnati,  O. 
New  York, 


Foreign  Missionary,  New  York, 

Herald  of  Religious  Liberty,    St.  Louis,  Mo. 
New  Orleans  Protestant,  New  Orleans, 


Time  of  Pub.  Editors. 

Quarterly,    By  an  Association. 
Saturday,      Wm.  M.  Engles,  D.  D. 

Thursday,    Rev.  B.  Gildersleeve. 
Wednesday,  Rev.  Wm.  Annan. 
Thursday,    Rev.  Messrs.  Hill  &,  Lawrence. 
Thursday,    Rev.  Messrs.  Rice  &  Wilson. 
Monthly,      Presb.  Board  of  For.  Missions 

and  Board  of  Missions. 
Monthly,      Presb.  Board  of  For.  Missions. 
Thursday,    An  Association. 
Saturday,     Rev.  Messrs.  Beadle  &  Rice. 


548 


INDEX. 


Appeal  of  Rev.  C.  Nicoll,  referred.  376;  dis- 
missed, 381;  of  John  Cathey,  400. 

Assembly  General,  organization  of,  369-373; 
place  of  next  meeting  of,  374;  overtures 
for  reducing,  378  ;  thanks  to  citizens  of 
Richmond  and  others,  492;  dissolution  of, 
405. 

Boards  of  the  Church,  order  for  hearing  re- 
ports of,  373-374;  committee  of  examina- 
tion of,  405. 

Church,  St.  James,  offer  of,  374;  committee 
on  erection  of  in  city  of  Washington,  380; 
report  of  committee,  400. 

Clerks,  report  of,  on  overture  from  West 
Hanover  Presbytery,  3S0  ;  appointed  to  se- 
lect papers  for  Appendix  to  Minutes,  400  ; 
report  of,  404  ;  succession  of,  429. 

Commissions  Judicial,  report  of  committee 
on,  presented,  378-379  ;  read,  3S2  ;  action 
of  Assembly  on,  384; 

Committees,  Standing,  appointed,  374-375. 

Complaint  of  Rev.  Mr.  Smylie,  received,  375  ; 
report  of  committee  on,  3S5-3S6  ;  action 
of  Assembly  on,  3S6;  of  Rev.  C.  Mclver, 
taken  up,  384-385;  action  of  Assembly 
on,  395,  396. 

Correspondence  Foreign,  letters  from  Ireland 
and  Scotland  received,  375 ;  answers  to, 
reported,  3S4;  adopted,  3S6. 

Delegates,  from  corresponding  bodies,  372 ; 
to,  reports  from, 409-412;  appointed  to,  379. 

Demission  of  Pastoral  Office,  subject  of  com- 
mitted, 376 ;  report  of  committee,  398-399. 

Education,  Report  of  Board  of  received,  393  ; 
resolutions  on,  396,  397;  directors  of  elect- 
ed, 402;  abstract  of  report  of  in  Appendix. 

Exercises  Devotional,  reports  of  committee 
on,  379-380,  3S2-394. 

Finance,  report  of  committee  on,  3S3. 

Fund,  Boudinot,  resolution  in  reference  to, 
389. 

Fund,  Commissioners,  committee  on,  ap- 
pointed, 391;  report  of,  395. 

Fund  Contingent,  committee  to  consider  how 
it  may  be  increased,  383;  report  of,  394. 

Inquiry,  from  Synod  of  Mississippi,  377  ;  from 
Presbytery  of  Miami,  377. 

Latta,  Rev.  Dr.,  minute  in  reference  to  death 
of,  377. 

Marriage,  resolution  on,  laid  on  the  table, 
396  ;  proposal  to  alter  Confession  of  Faith, 
respecting,  397-398. 

Memorial  from  Presbytery  of  Louisiana  on 
power  of  Synods,  committed,  376  ;  from 
Presbytery  of  St.  Louis  respecting  German 
population,  377. 

Memphis,  subject  of  new  synod  of,  commit- 
ted, 376;   resolutions  concerning,  378. 

Mileage,  report  of  committee  on,  3S9. 

Minutes,  printed,  from  17S9  to  1820,  pre- 
sented, 373;  of  General  Synod  ofR.  P.  D. 
Church,  375;  of  German  Reformed  Synod, 
387. 

Missions,  Report  of  Board  of  Foreign,  pre- 
sented, 381;  vacancies  in  Foreign  Board, 


filled,  38S ;  resolutions  on  report  of,  391! 
abstract  of  report  in  Appendix,  540. 

Missions  Domestic,  Report  of  Board  of,  read, 
383;  members  of  Board  of,  elected,  387; 
report  of  committee  on,  3SS;  abstract  of 
report  of,  in  Appendix,  538. 

Moderators  of  General  Assembly,  succession 
of,  428. 

Overtures,  from  Presbytery  of  Palmyra,  Tho- 
mas R.  Lee,  Presbytery  of  Mississippi, 
Synods  of  Philadelphia  and  New  Jersey, 
Presbytery  of  Oxford,  and  Presbytery  of 
Louisiana,  and  action  of  Assembly  on  them, 
401-402. 

Popery,  sermon  on,  requested  for  publication, 
3S9;  preacher  of  for  next  year, elected,  400. 

Population  coloured,  sermon  on  religious  in- 
struction of,  403 ;  resolutions  on  the  sub- 
ject, 403. 

Presbyteries,  statistical  reports  of,  432,  526. 

Protest,  of  Berry  and  others,  404;  answer 
to,  404. 

Publication,  Report  of  Board  of,  read,  3S9  ; 
resolutions  of  Assembly  on,  400-401;  mem- 
bers of  Board  elected,  402;  abstract  of  re- 
port in  Appendix,  532 

Records  Synodical,  of  Albany,  Illinois,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  and  Missouri,  reports 
on,  380;  of  Wheeling,  Pittsburg,  Ohio, 
West  Tennessee,  and  reports  on,  381;  of 
Mississippi,  Philadelphia,  Georgia,  Ken- 
tucky, reports  on,  3S2;  of  Virginia,  report 
on,  383;  of  Northern  Indiana,  Buffalo,  re- 
ports on,  386  ;  of  Alabama,  South  Carolina, 
reports  on,  3S9 ;  of  Cincinnati,  Indiana, 
reports  on,  393;  of  North  Carolina,  report 
on,  398;  exceptions  to,  of  N.  Indiana,  398. 

Religion,  Narrative  of  the  State  of,  read, 
403-404;  in  Appendix,  406-409. 

Schools  Parochial,  action  on  overture  from 
Synod  of  New  Jersey,  respecting,  377;  Re- 
port of  Board  of  Education  on,  379  ;  action 
of  Assembly  on  report,  399-400. 

Seminaries  Theological ;  Western,  report  of 
directors  of,  read,  374;  directors  of  elect- 
ed, 376;  memorials  for  removal  of,  377; 
report  of  trustees  of,  read,  3S3  ;  report  of 
committee  on  report  of  directors  of,  3S9, 
390;  action  of  Assembly  on,  39S ;  resolu- 
tions on  report  of  trustees  of,  395  ;  reports 
in  Appendix,  414-416;  charter  of,  416- 
41S;  Union,  report  of  read,  376;  approv- 
ed, 379;  in  Appendix,  412-413;  Princeton, 
reports  of  directors  and  trustees  of,  read, 
381;  approved,  3S7-3S9;  directors  of,  elect- 
ed, 393  ;  reports  in  Appendix,  419-423. 

Synods,  General  View  of,  430-431. 

Treasurer.  Report  of  read,  375;  in  Appen- 
dix, 424-427. 

Union  Christian,  memorials  relating  to,  37S  ; 
subject  committed,  3S0;  report  of  commit- 
tee on,  392-393;  committee  of  conference 
on,  appointed,  396. 

View,  Summary,  527-530;  General,  531. 

War,  resolutions  on,  403. 


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